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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry Energy
The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy Architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and Tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen Production Technology, Energy Policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency and management The journal was first introduced in February 2012 and regularly published online three times a year (February, July, October).
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 573 Documents
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Daily Solar Radiation Forecasting based on a Hybrid NARX-GRU Network in Dumaguete, Philippines Al Diego Pega Fuselero; Hannah Mae San Agustin Portus; Bonifacio Tobias Doma Jr
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.44755

Abstract

In recent years, solar radiation forecasting has become highly important worldwide as solar energy increases its contribution to electricity grids. However, due to the intermittent nature of solar radiation caused by meteorological parameters, forecasting errors arise, and fluctuations in the power output of photovoltaic (PV) systems become a severe issue. This paper aims to introduce a forecasting hybrid model of daily global solar radiation time series. Meteorological data and solar radiation samples from Dumaguete, Philippines, are used to assess the forecasting accuracy of the proposed nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) – gated recurrent unit (GRU) hybrid model. Four different models were trained using the meteorological and solar radiation data, which are the Optimizable Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Nonlinear Autoregressive Network (NAR), NARX, and the proposed Hybrid NARX-GRU Network.  Results show that the hybrid NARX-GRU model has a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.05 and a training time of 33 seconds. The proposed hybrid model has better forecasting performance compared to the three models which obtained RMSE values of 27.741, 39.82, and 28.92, for the GPR, NAR, and NARX, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate that the NARX-GRU model significantly outperforms the regression and single models in terms of statistical metrics and training efficiency. Furthermore, this study shows that the hybridized NARX-GRU model is able to provide an effective estimation for daily global solar radiation, which is important in the operation of PV plants in the country, specifically for unit commitment purposes
Enhancing Hydrogen Generation using CdS-modified TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol as a Hole Scavenger Ratnawati Ratnawati; Slamet Slamet; Farah Diba Toya; Satrio Kuntolaksono
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.45139

Abstract

Nowadays, the lack of renewable energy such as hydrogen, and other environmental issues are problems that must be resolved. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is classified as a recalcitrant pollutant due to its carcinogenic properties, high toxicity, and dangers to the environment therefore it needs to be eliminated. Hydrogen production using organic pollutant (2,4,6-TCP solution) as a hole scavenger on CdS-TiO2 nanotube arrays photocatalyst (TNTA-CdS) has been investigated at various CdS loading on TNTA and the initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP. The TNTA sample was prepared by anodization and followed by an electrodeposition method to decorate CdS on TNTA. The H2 which was generated by reduction H+ and the 2,4,6-TCP removal was performed simultaneously by photocatalysis with TNTA-CdS as photocatalyst. The mole ratio of CdCl2:CH3CSNH2 as precursors of CdS deposited on TNTA (CdS loading) were 0.1:0.06, 0.2:0.12, and 0.4:0.24 and the initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP were 10, 20 and 40 ppm. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic performance of the variations in CdS loading on TNTA and initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP toward hydrogen generation was investigated in a photoreactor for 240 minutes under visible light irradiation with a mercury lamp as a photon source. The CdS decorating on TNTA was confirmed by SEM, EDX, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. According to the UV-Vis and XRD analysis, the TNTA-CdS samples have bandgap energies in the range of 2.71 - 2.89 eV and comprise a 100% anatase phase. Based on the photocatalysis results, the optimum composition of CdS loading is 0.2:0.16 (TNTA-CdS-2) which produced the highest total hydrogen (2.155 mmol/g) compared to the other compositions and produced 1.5 times higher compared to TNTA at 40 ppm of 2,4,6-TCP.
Numerical Investigation of Convective Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Past a Three Square Cylinders Controlled by a Partition in Channel Youssef Admi; Mohammed Amine Moussaoui; Ahmed Mezrhab
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43790

Abstract

This document presents a research article on the control of fluid flow around three heated square cylinders placed side by side in a 2D horizontal channel using a flat plate. The objective of this research is to examine the effect of the position, length and height of a flat plate on fluid flow and heat transfer. For this purpose, numerical simulations are performed by using the Boltzmann double relaxation time multiple network method (DMRT-LBM). The MRT-D2Q9 and MRT-D2Q5 models are used to treat the flow and temperature fields respectively. In contrast to several existing investigations in the literature in this domain which study the passive control of the flow using a horizontal or vertical plate around a single cylinder, this work presents a numerical study on the effect of the position, length and height of a flat plate (horizontal and vertical) on three heated square cylinders on the flow and temperature fields. First, the effect of the position and length of the horizontal flat plate is examined. This study shows that the implementation of a flat plate of length Lp = 4D at a position g=3 behind the central cylinder reduces the amplitude of the Von Karman Street and allows large and regular heat exchange.  Thus, in the second part, the effect of the position and height of the vertical flat plate is studied. The results obtained show that the implementation of a flat plate of height h=2D at a position g=3 behind the central cylinder improves the thermal exchange between the incoming fluid and the heated cylinders. This numerical work could lead to the prediction of the cooling of the electronic components: The cooling of the obstacles is all the better when the control plate is arranged at g = 3 and its height h = 2D in the case of the vertical plate or its length Lp equal to 4D in the case where the plate is implemented horizontally
Socio-Economic Prospects of Solar PV Uptake in Energy Policy Landscape of Pakistan Faraz ul Haq; Tanzeel ur Rashid; Ubaid ur Rehman Zia
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.46082

Abstract

Despite global calls for climate change and its impacts in past decade, energy sector of Pakistan has remained highly dominated by high-cost carbon-intensive resources. Although a significant number of policies have been put forward by both provincial and federal government in last three years, the ground-level implementation of these policies is non-existent, and Pakistan’s progress is still far behind the developed countries. This study therefore performs a socio-economic analysis of solar PV potential in Pakistan and how recent policies can be mobilized to upscale the utilization of solar PV both as an on-grid and off-grid generation source. This also links to solar potential for corporate sector engagements in their Net-Zero Pathways. The methodological approach uses a Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) model designed for Pakistan’s Power System supplies under three different scenarios i.e., Energy Transition Scenario, Conventional Generation Scenarios, and Business as Usual Scenario. Indicative Generation Capacity Expansion Plan (IGCEP 2021) along with recent policies is used as the leading data source for driving the capacity additions. The results obtained from the model indicates that despite having a large potential, under currently policies the share of solar in total grid power generation will remain under 2% by 2030. Under Energy Transition Scenario, the model runs under a least cost optimization plan leading to a higher uptake of solar power. As per this scenario, the share of renewable increase beyond 2030 to achieve a share of around 50% by 2045. This can lead to cumulative carbon reductions of around 2000 Mt by 2030 and economic savings of around $ 5 billion. Based on the model results, this study also identifies the possible pathways for upcoming iterations of Pakistan IGCEP plan that builds around solar PV
SWHEI: A New Approach to Measure Policy Effectiveness for Solar Water Heaters Bruno Luis-Badillo; Daniel Guerrero-Hoyos; Gerardo A. Escamilla; Luis Rojas-Solórzano
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.44173

Abstract

In the context of the global energy transition, governments design and apply renewable energy policies as tools to replace fossil fuel sources for the heating end-use sector, which represents half of the global total final energy consumption (TFEC). In the last two decades, large deployments of solar thermal technologies, such as solar water heaters (SWH), have helped renewable energy penetrate the heating sector. To be successful, their adoption must be supported by effective policies; however, measuring the effectiveness of a particular policy is a complex task. Some studies design and propose indicators to measure this effectiveness but are difficult to replicate or adapt to specific markets. This work submits a novel policy-outcome effectiveness indicator, the Solar Water Heater Effectiveness Indicator (SWHEI), based on equipment deployment (installed capacity per capita, installed capacity growth) and the solar energy potential of each country, constructed using publicly available data to ensure replicability and universal utilization. The overall SHWEI values for the period 2003–2019 are low, reflecting the current low adoption of solar technologies, but show regional clusters of good performance, such as in Europe. Barbados achieved the maximum value of 6.9, which reflects its outstanding performance, driven by its installed capacity per capita. The analysis shows that the SWHEI is particularly useful to determine policy ineffectiveness while confounding factors could camouflage policy effectiveness. The SWHEI-active SWH policies matrix can help policymakers identify courses of action. Policymakers could 1) use market-entry policy instruments in undeveloped SWH markets (segment C, no policies in place); 2) review and improve failing SWH policies (segment D); 3) propose randomized controlled trials to study causal relationships between SWH policies and large SWHEI (segments A and B with policies in place); and 4) regulate successful markets, allowing for continued organic growth (segment A, no policies). 
Technical-Environmental Assessment of Energy Management Systems in Smart Ports Hoang Phuong Nguyen; Nguyen Dang Khoa Pham; Viet Duc Bui
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.46300

Abstract

Shipping is facing huge pressure problems in this 21st century such as climate change and environmental pollution and the depletion of energy resources. Seaports are an important component of the shipping industry architecture. Although there is no common solution, seaports around the globe face the same challenge. Challenges raised include difficulties in integrating new technology into automation, traffic congestion, harmonizing residential communities around the port, quantifying and reducing CO2 emissions as well as planning for the energy transition. In addition, improving the adaptability of the port infrastructure in the context of increased pressure from market demand, labor shortage, and escalating prices should be considered. In that context, a smart port was born as a necessity. However, the understanding of smart ports is very limited. This review examines the recently published smart port literature to clarify the common concepts of smart ports and their development progress on the way to building a sustainable seaport ecosystem. Although smart port metrics and key port performance metrics are organized around four key performance areas including operations, environment, energy, and safety. However, a comprehensive review of all four key areas is very broad and difficult to cover in a review article. Therefore, this work focuses on analyzing and discussing the approaches and applications of the technology in smart port energy management systems. Our research has shown that different smart port founding perspectives play a decisive role in technology approaches to building a port energy management system including optimizing algorithms for energy consumption, balancing demand and energy production, and comprehensively integrating renewable energy. New findings in this study contribute to the elucidation of smart port concepts based on improving energy use and management efficiency with innovative technologies in the context of sustainable development of the shipping industry.
Investigation of the Impact of Large-Scale Wind Power and Solar Power Plants on a Vietnamese Transmission Network Ngo Minh Khoa; Nguyen Thi Hai Van; Le Kim Hung; Doan Anh Tuan
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43879

Abstract

Integrating wind power and solar power plants into a power system has significantly grown over the past decade and is expected to grow to unprecedented levels in the coming years. In Vietnam, much large-scale wind power and solar power plants have been built and connected to the power system in recent years. To investigate and evaluate the impact of these power plants on system power operation, the 110kV power transmission network of Binh Dinh province in Vietnam is used in this paper. In the system, the Phuong Mai 3 wind power plant with a capacity of 21MW, the Fujiwara solar power plant with a peak capacity of 50MWp, and the Cat Hiep solar power plant with a peak capacity of 49.5MWp are modeled by using the PSS/E software to simulate and analyze their impacts on power system stability of the 110kV transmission network in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam. Besides, the control strategies of these power plants are also established to investigate their impacts on the network. In addition, this paper proposes three typical scenarios for the wind power and solar power plants in the system. For each scenario, the grid's operating parameters such as voltage variations and frequency variations are acquired for analyzing and evaluating their impacts on the frequency and voltage variations of the network. The simulation results show that the 110kV power transmission network remains in a stable operation mode after the fault scenarios for the wind and solar power plants. Furthermore, these simulation results provide some guidance for the actual operation
Enhancing Ionic Conductivity of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Lithium Perchlorate with Crosslinked Citric Acid as Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Polymer Batteries Akhiruddin Maddu; Ahmad Sofyan Sulaeman; Setyanto Tri Wahyudi; Abdulloh Rifai
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.40090

Abstract

Lithium batteries development are triggered so many efforts in producing electronic devices due to its excellent performance as energy storage systems. One of the appealing points solid polymer electrolytes for developing solid-state lithium batteries. In this study, Solid polymer electrolytes with crosslinked treatment (SPE-C) were prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose-lithium perchlorate (CMC-LiClO4) and citric acid (CA) as a crosslinker via solution casting method. All SPE-C membranes were assembled into lithium battery coin cells. Degree of crosslinked and degradation were measured to observe crosslink formation in SPE-C membranes and confirmed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), whereas SPE-C in coin cells were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear sweep voltammograms (LSV). The results showed that crosslinked process is successfully obtained with C=O from ester linkage of CA vibration within COO- of CMC for the crosslinking bond formation. The crosslink effect also contributed on enhancing ionic conductivities of SPE-C in coin cells from EIS results. The highest ionic conductivity was obtained in SPE-C2 (1.24×10-7 S/cm) and electrochemically stable in 2.15 V based on LSV measurement. SPE-C2 has good dielectric behavior than the others due to the high ions mobilities for migration process from ion clusters formation, thus it would be useful for further study in obtaining the powerful solid-state lithium polymer batteries.
Emissions Characteristics and Engine Performance from the Interaction Effect of EGR and Diesel-Ethanol Blends in Diesel Engine Mohammed Ali Fayad; Moafaq Kaseim Al-Ghezi; Sanaa A Hafad; Slafa I Ibrahim; Marwa K Abood; Hind A Al-Salihi; Louay A Mahdi; Miqdam Tariq Chaichan; Hayder Abed Dhahad
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.45051

Abstract

Recently, most of the researchers focused on provide lower greenhouse gas emissions that emitted from diesel engines by using renewable fuels to be good alternative to the conventional diesel fuel. Ethanol can be derived from renewable sources such as sugar cane, corn, timber and dates. In the current study, the ethanol fuel used in the tests was derived from the dates. The effects of using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) diesel-ethanol blend (E10) with on engine performance and emissions characteristics have been studied in diesel engine under various engine loads. This study focused the use of oxygen in the bio-ethanol composition to compensate for the decrease occurred by the addition of EGR, which improves the engine performance and reduces its emissions. In this experiment, the ratios of EGR were 10%, 20% and 30% as well as 10% ratio of ethanol was blended into the diesel fuel blend under fixed engine speed. A traditional (without additional systems to reduce emissions) four cylinders direct injection (DI) diesel engine was used for all tests. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with increasing the EGR ratio by 10%, 20% and 30% by 18.7%, 22.4% and 37.4%, respectively. The thermal efficiency decreased under variable conditions of engine load for different ethanol blends. Furthermore, the emissions of NOX decreased when fuelled B10 into the engine in comparison with diesel under low engine load. Significant reduction in the NOx emissions were found when applied EGR in the tests than to the absence EGR for E10 blend and diesel. The NOx reduction rate was 12.3%, 30.6% and 43.4% when EGR rate was 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of HC and CO emissions decreased more by 8.23% and 6.4%, respectively, when using E10 in comparison with the diesel for various engine loads. It is indicated that the oxygen reduction by EGR effect was compensated from ethanol blend combustion. The results showed that the combination use of E10 and EGR leads to significant reduction in engine emissions accompanied with partial reduction in the engine performance. 
Numerical Investigation of a Solar PV/T Air Collector Under the Climatic Conditions of Zarqa, Jordan Salem Nijmeh; Ahmad Ibrahim Bani Yaseen; Moh'd Sami Ashhab; Mohammad Juaidy
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.45306

Abstract

The use of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) and low concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (LCPV/T) systems can significantly enhance the overall solar energy conversion efficiency by delivering electricity and thermal energy. This paper presents a case study using a standing PV system's theoretical and modeling approach that can be modified to adapt to the hybrid technology. Firstly, a single-pass conventional PV/T air-cooled collector is investigated based on heat transfer and electrical models under the climatic conditions of Zarqa, Jordan. The performance parameters are evaluated using thermal and electrical properties of the considered PV installation and measured meteorological data. Results show that the total energy produced varies between a maximum of 134.6 kWh/m2 in July and a minimum of 81.7 kWh/m2 in January. The annual average hourly variation of overall energy efficiency ranges between 79.2% and 88.4%. Moreover, the dissipated thermal energy can meet 63.6% of the total energy required to ventilate the Hashemite University Presidency Building during the winter months. Finally, the performance of the modeled PV/T system air system coupled with flat boosters to provide a low irradiation concentration ratio (CR) is explored. The maximum electric output of the resulting LCPV/T system is compared with the uncooled system. It is found that the percentage improvement due to air cooling ranges between 0.72% at CR=1 and 2.77% at CR=2.5

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