cover
Contact Name
Ni Gusti Ayu Eka
Contact Email
gusti.eka@uph.edu
Phone
+628121902239
Journal Mail Official
nursingcurrent@uph.edu
Editorial Address
Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Pelita Harapan Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia 15811 Phone: 021 5460901 Fax: 021 5460910 Email: nursingcurrent@uph.edu
Location
Kota tangerang,
Banten
INDONESIA
Nursing Current : Jurnal Keperawatan
ISSN : 2089922X     EISSN : 26213214     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Current Jurnal Keperawatan is a scientific journal that covers research related to nursing including medical surgical nursing, mental health nursing, maternity and pediatric nursing, community nursing, nursing management, and nursing education. The journal includes research articles, literature reviews, case reports, lecture notes, and reviews of new books.
Articles 221 Documents
UTILIZING YOUTUBE TO DEVELOP NURSING STUDENTS’ AUTONOMOUS LEARNING AND LISTENING COMPREHENSION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Michael Recard; Sandra Sembel; Shinta Hasibuan
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 7, No 2 (2019): December
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v7i2.2278

Abstract

Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0. is about dealing with digital-native students  and developing autonomous learning. One possible strategy to deal with these issues is using YouTube as a tool for English language learning. There have been some studies discussing the effectiveness of using it, yet we still have niches; for instance, deeper and wider contexts and respondents. Thus, this study aims to examine students’ autonomy over their learning and whether YouTube can develop the listening comprehension skills of nursing students in a Faculty of Nursing in Tangerang. To achieve the first aim, quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted, while for the second aim, an experimental study was used. The experimental study involved an experimental group consisting of 16 students and a control group consisting of 16 students. The result shows that the participants consider YouTube as a useful support to develop their autonomy in learning English and YouTube video has been successful to develop their listening skills.
LITERATURE REVIEW: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLASSIC MUSIC THERAPY TOWARDS AUDITORY HALLUCINATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENT [KAJIAN LITERATUR: EFEKTIVITAS TERAPI MUSIK KLASIK TERHADAP HALUSINASI PENDENGARAN PADA PASIEN SKIZOFERNIA] Novita Susilawati Barus; Deborah Siregar
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 7, No 2 (2019): December
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v7i2.2313

Abstract

Auditory hallucinations are among the most common sensory perception disorder in schizophrenia patient. Patients with auditory hallucinations are often seen talking to themselves and even doing something dangerous. Music therapy is one of the non-pharmacological interventions that have the ability to improve, restore, and maintain physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual health. This literature is intended to give a deeper article on the effectiveness of classical music therapy on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients. The database that I used to obtain information is EBSCO, National Library, ProQuest and Google scholars, according to the inclusion criteria, namely the main source, articles published in 2012- 2016, English and Indonesian articles, experimental research articles and randomized controlled trials and full text in free pdf format. The result that I’ve got based on five articles that have been reviewed is classical music therapy can reduce the intensity of auditory hallucinations, provide comfort and helping patients feel calm. Giving classical music therapy to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia is effective in reducing the intensity of auditory hallucinations, the patient feels comfortable and becomes calm. Suggestions for future researchers, conduct research on the type, frequency and duration of classical music therapy that is effective and can be used for patients with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients.BAHASA INDONESIA Halusinasi pendengaran merupakan gangguan persepsi sensori yang paling sering dialami pasien dengan skizofrenia. Pasien dengan halusinasi pendengaran sering terlihat bercakap-cakap sendiri, dan bahkan melakukan sesuatu yang membahayakan. Terapi musik merupakan salah satu intervensi nonfarmakologis yang memiliki kekuatan untuk meningkatkan, memulihkan, dan memelihara kesehatan fisik, mental, emosional, sosial dan spiritual. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk menggali artikel tentang efektivitas terapi musik klasik terhadap halusinasi pendengaran pada pasien skizofrenia. Database yang gunakan untuk mendapatkan sumber informasi adalah EBSCO, Perpusnas, ProQuest dan Google scholar, sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu primary source, artikel diterbitkan tahun 2012-2016, artikel bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia, artikel penelitian kuantitatif yang evidence based practice dengan menggunakan metode penelitian experiment dan randomized controlled trial dan full text berbentuk pdf dan tidak berbayar. Hasil yang ditemukan berdasarkan kelima artikel yang telah ditelaah bahwa terapi musik klasik dapat menurunkan intensitas halusinasi pendengaran, memberi rasa nyaman dan menjadikan pasien tenang. Pemberian terapi musik klasik terhadap halusinasi pendengaran pada skizofrenia efektif untuk menurunkan intensitas halusinasi pendengaran, pasien merasa nyaman dan menjadi tenang. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya, melakukan penelitian mengenai jenis, frekuensi dan durasi terapi musik klasik yang efektif serta dapat digunakan untuk pasien dengan halusinasi pendengaran pada pasien skizofrenia.
SELF-MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE OF PATIENT WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN SUMBAWA BESAR, WEST NUSA TENGGARA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY Satriya Pranata; Xuan Yi Huang
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 8, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v8i1.2717

Abstract

Background: The number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Indonesia was reported to increase every year. Indonesia included into ranked sixth countries for diabetes (20-79 years) and ranked third as the deadliest diseases, (IDF, 2017; WHO, 2016). However, research about self-management experience for people with Type 2 DM is insufficient. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the Self-management Experience of Patient with Type 2 DM in Sumbawa Besar, West Nusa Tenggara. Methods: Purposive sampling with one-on-one depth interview were used to obtain the participants experiences about self-management. six participants were selected randomly from 30 participants in community. Data saturation was achieved and analyzed by Colaizzi’s (1978) seven-step method. Results: Six themes emerged from study were: dietary adjustment, using medicine to decrease blood glucose, taking exercise, taking care of DM by oneself, social support and looking for information regarding DM were consider as important theme for DM population in Sumbawa Besar, West Nusa Tenggara. Conclusion: the result of this study showed that each patient with DM has ability to carry out self-management based on their belief, value and knowledge. Basic information about diabetes was the most important aspect before patients can perform self-management successfully.
PERAN PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL TERHADAP STUDENT ENGAGEMENT MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN TINGKAT AKHIR [THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL IN FINAL-YEAR STUDENT ENGAGEMENT] Veronica Paula; Fransisca I.R Dewi
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 8, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v8i1.2725

Abstract

Introduction: The quality of education is measured through satisfactory learning achievements. Student success in learning is assessed based on learning outcomes. Students need to increase their desire to learn, thus students need to increase involvement in the learning process. The desire to learn can be increased by developing psychological strengths that exist in students which can be incorporated in one variable called psychological capital. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of psychological capital in student engagement during their senior year as nursing students. Research methods: This study was conducted using quantitative correlation methodology. The instruments used in this study were the Academic Psychological Capital Questionnaire (A-PCQ) and the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI). Participants in this study were 130 senior nursing students. The results of the study: The result shows that the dimensions of psychological capital has a significant role in the involvement of students. The different dimensions of psychological capital included in the analysis are: (1) self-efficacy (p-value = 0,000), (2) resilience (p-value = 0.019), (3) optimism (p-value = 0.016) and (4) expectations (p- value = 0.558). Recommendation: Researchers can explore the internal factors in senior nursing students that help them develop self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism. These dimensions are necessary for nursing students' progress to advanced learning and improvement of their achievements. Researchers then need to examine the impact of psychological capital in influencing leadership effectiveness, teamwork, and readiness to change.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Pendahuluan: Mutu pendidikan diukur melalui prestasi belajar yang tinggi dan memuaskan merupakan dambaan setiap mahasiswa untuk membanggakan orang tua. keberhasilan mahasiswa dalam belajar dinilai berdasarkan hasil belajar. Mahasiswa perlu meningkatkan keinginan belajar, sehingga mahasiswa perlu meningkatkan keterlibatan dalam proses pembelajaran. Keinginan untuk belajar dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengembangkan kekuatan-kekuatan psikologis yang ada dalam diri mahasiswa yang tergabung dalam satu variabel yaitu psychological capital. Tujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui peran psychological capital terhadap student engagement mahasiswa keperawatan tingkat akhir. Metode penelitian: kuantitatif korelasi, alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Academic Psychological Capital Questionnaire (A-PCQ) dan University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI). Partisipan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 130 mahasiswa keperawatan tingkat akhir. Hasil penelitian: menunjukkan peranan yang siginifikan bahwa dimensi psychological capital memiliki peranan terhadap keterlibatan mahasiswa adalah Efikasi diri (p-value= 0,000), resilien (p-value = 0,019), dan optimis (p-value = 0,016) sedangkan harapan (p-value =0,558). Rekomendasi: Peneliti selanjutnya maka peneliti dapat menggali faktor yang berhubungan dengan melakukan tinjauan pada aspek yang berasal dalam diri yaitu psychological capital dan tinjauan faktor yang berasal dari luar diri mahasiswa yaitu student engagement, pada mahasiswa keperawatan tingkat awal, untuk melihat peranan psychological capital dan student engagementnya. meneliti variable-variabel lain yang dapat diprediksi melalui psychological capital. Serta perlu menguji dampak dari psychological capital dalam memengaruhi efektivitas kepemimpinan, kerjasama tim, kesiapan untuk berubah.
PENERAPAN PENGGUNAAN COMFORT SCALE DI RUANG INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DI SATU RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA DI INDONESIA [IMPLEMENTATION COMFORT SCALE IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AT ONE PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA] Dwi Christian Silitonga; Siska Natalia; Elfrida Silalahi
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 8, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v8i2.3100

Abstract

The Comfort Scale is a standard pain assessment format for measuring the level of psychological distress in critically ill patients, children under 18 years of age and adults who use sedation and are on a ventilator. This study aims to determine the application of the comfort scale in the Intensive Care Unit room. There are no research been conducted related to the application of the use of the comfort scale in a private hospital in West Indonesia. This research used quantitative descriptive with documentation study. The population in this study were patient medical records. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 75 medical records of patients treated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from January to July 2017 with a level of delirium to coma on a ventilator and using sedation drugs. The results of this study stated that out of 75 patient medical records were 11 (14.67%) the files was fill complete with the assessments comfort scale. There were four items has lower scores: crying (18.7%), body movement (28.0%), muscle tone (21.3%), facial tension (17.3%). There were 10 (13.33%) medical records for which there were no special ICU records. Recommendations for further research to carried out research in the ICU room and examining ICU nurses in conducting pain assessments so that the results of the assessment in comfort scale is accordance with all they have done.BAHASA INDONESIA Comfort Scale merupakan suatu standar format pengkajian nyeri untuk mengukur tingkat distress psikologis pada pasien kritis anak-anak dibawah usia 18 tahun dan dewasa yang menggunakan sedasi dan terpasang ventilator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan penggunaan comfort scale di ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Sejauh penelitian ini dilakukan, belum ada penelitian terkait penerapan penggunaan comfort scale di satu RS Swasta di Indonesia, sedangkan pendokumentasian erat kaitannya dengan kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan kepada pasien. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan studi dokumentasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah rekam medik pasien. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dan diperoleh sampel sejumlah 75 rekam medik pasien yang dirawat di ICU dari bulan Januari hingga Juli 2017 dengan tingkat kesadaran delirium sampai dengan koma yang terpasang ventilator serta menggunakan obat sedasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa dari 75 rekam medik pasien terdapat 11 (14,67%) file pasien lengkap terisi pengkajian comfort scale. Ada empat item yang mendapatkan nilai rendah : tangisan (18,7%), gerakan tubuh (28,0%), tonus otot (21,3%), tegangan wajah (17,3%). Terdapat 10 (13,33%) rekam medik yang tidak terdapat catatan khusus ICU. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat melakukan penelitian di ruang ICU dan meneliti perawat ICU dalam melakukan pengkajian nyeri sehingga hasil pengkajian comfort scale sesuai dengan yang dilakukan oleh perawat.
DUKUNGAN SUAMI TERHADAP IBU HAMIL DI KELURAHAN BANYUMUDAL JAWA TENGAH [THE DESCRIPTION OF HUSBAND’S SUPPORT TO PREGNANT WOMAN IN BANYUMUDAL VILLAGE CENTRAL JAVA] Ellyce Tabita; Elsa Angita; Gilang Kurniawan; Maria V Ayu Florensa; Dora Irena Purimahua
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 8, No 2 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v8i2.3105

Abstract

Family support especially from husband is need during the pregnancy who is pregnant. When the family has an expectant member of the family, the husband is always expected to provide motivation, help, and companionship with the family members so she will feel comfortable and relax when she gets during her pregnancy. While, if the husband doesn’t provide support for his wifes, pregnant women will feel anxiety, and anxiety have a negative impact in pregnant women and babies un the womb. The death toll of expectant mothers in 2017 was 100 from 100.000 births living in Banyumudal. Aim this study to find out the description of husband’s support to pregnant women in Banyumudal Village, Moga Subdistrict, Central Java. This research is a quantitative method with descriptive design. This research was conducted on April until June 2020, by used a husband’s questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability with cronbach alpha 0.635. The sample of this study were 37 husbands of pregnant women who were determined by accidental sampling technique. Data collected were analysed univariately. Based on study to 37 respondents, it was found that as much as 75.7% of husbands provide support for their wives while 24.3% do not provide support for their wives. The husband is expected to provide support continuously to pregnant women in the period of pregnancy until delivery and recovery later, so that pregnant women feel safe, comfortable and calm. Nurses as health workers in the community play a role in educating couples of childbearing age especially husbands to provide support to pregnant wives from various aspects.BAHASA INDONESIA Dukungan keluarga terlebih suami sangat diperlukan selama kehamilan istri yang sedang hamil. Ketika keluarga memiliki salah satu anggota keluarga yang sedang hamil, suami diharapkan selalu memberikan motivasi, membantu, dan mendampingi anggota keluarga tersebut sehingga ia akan merasa nyaman dan tenang ketika ada masalah yang ia alami selama masa kehamilannya. Sementara, jika suami tidak memberikan dukungan terhadap istrinya, ibu hamil akan merasa cemas dan kecemasan berdampak buruk bagi ibu hamil dan bayi didalam kandungannya. Angka kematian ibu hamil pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 100 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup di Kelurahan Banyumudal. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran dukungan suami terhadap ibu hamil di Kelurahan Banyumudal Kecamatan Moga, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada April sampai Juni 2020, dengan menggunakan kuesioner dukungan suami yang telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas dengan nilai cronbach alpha 0,635. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu 37 suami ibu hamil yang ditentukan dengan accidental sampling technique. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara univariat. Berdasarkan penelitian pada 37 responden, didapatkan hasil bahwa sebanyak 75,7% suami memberikan dukungan kepada istrinya sementara 24,3% tidak memberikan dukungan kepada istrinya. Suami diharapkan dapat terus memberikan dukungannya terhadap ibu hamil dimasa kehamilan sampai persalinan dan pemulihan nantinya, agar ibu hamil merasa aman, nyaman dan tenang. Perawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan di masyarakat berperan mengedukasi pasangan usia subur khususnya suami untuk memberikan dukungan pada istri yang hamil dari berbagai aspek.
PENGGUNAAN MOBILE HEALTH DALAM USAHA MONITORING HIPERTENSI[THE UTILIZATION OF MOBILE HEALTH IN MONITORING HYPERTENSION] Saras Anindya Nurhafid; Tuti Afriyani
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 5, No 1 (2017): June
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v5i1.1098

Abstract

Hypertension is a health problem that is still widely encountered in Indonesia. A common problem is the lack of monitoring of health status by hypertensive patients. With the advancement of information technology, has designed mobile health information system known as mHealth which can be integrated with Electronic Health Record (EHR) in health service to improve hypertension monitoring. The author uses literature review non sistematic study writing method. Implementation of mHealth has benefits both for mHealth users and for health teams, especially community nurses who can improve the quality of health services. Therefore, the authors recommend the use of mHealth in health services in Indonesia. Keywords: Electronic Health Record, hypertension, mHealth
KAJIAN LITERATUR: PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL DALAM PENCEGAHAN LUKA DEKUBITUS PADA PASIEN IMOBILITAS [LITERATUR REVIEW: THE UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL IN PRESSURE ULCER PREVENTION ON IMMOBILIZATION PATIENTS] Jesica G Rukmana; Renata Komalasari; Shinta Yuliana Hasibuan
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 5, No 1 (2017): June
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v5i1.1105

Abstract

DEVELOPING LEARNER-ORIENTED ENGLISH FOR NURSING SYLLABUS Jacquelinda Sandra Sembel
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 6, No 1 (2018): June
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v6i1.1347

Abstract

English has become an inseparable part of Nursing career in non-English speaking countries, including Indonesia. At Universitas Pelita Harapan, student nurses need to take English for Nursing class to prepare them to communicate in English with overseas patients during their internship year. Goal: To identify these basic communication needs to use English at the hospital setting, Faculty of Nursing at Universitas Pelita Harapan developed mapping for English for Nursing syllabus and materials for the internship students. Methodology: A simplified research and development study was conducted to identify needs and to design and develop the appropriate English for Nursing Syllabus and materials. The study involved 33 nurses and 72 student nurses, covering needs analysis stage to syllabus mapping. Results: The result suggested that the course cover 10 communication topics from patient admittance to patient discharge over 16 sessions.
GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME HANDLING CASE REPORT WITH PLASMAFERESIS THERAPY[LAPORAN KASUS PENANGANAN SINDROM GUILLAIN-BARRE DENGAN TERAPI PLASMAFERESIS] Theresia Theresia
Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan Vol 5, No 2 (2017): December
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/nc.v5i2.1700

Abstract

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a serial of syndromes manifested as an acute inflammation of poliradiculoneuropathy as a result of weakness and decreased reflexes with various clinical variations found. Epidemiological data for the SGB case as a disease of the nervous system disorder did show the number of events that are less significant globally and nationally. Infection as a trigger factor for GBS is still high in tropical countries such as Indonesia. In Indonesia, GBS data on research Description of GBS Patients with Erasmus GBS Outcome Score (EGOS) method at RSUPN Cipto Mangun Kusumo since 2010 until 2014 got the number of new cases of SGB per year in RSUPNCM that is 7.6 cases and occurred throughout the year. New cases that occur are quite low but the trigger factors such as infection Mycoplasma pneumonia are high enough. This can be the concern of health workers including nurses to understand the GBS case and how to handle it. The purpose of this paper provides information to fellow nurses (practice, education, and research), patients and families and lay peoples that are interested in the case to better understand the case of Guillain Barre Syndrome and the treatment of Plasmapheresis. The method used in this article is a narrative of nursing records in 1 patient diagnosed with GBS with plasmapheresis therapy in the inpatient ward at RS X Private Hospital in South Jakarta. The process of improving the clinical condition corresponds to some clinical trials that occur in the literature that the condition of respiratory failure does not occur, extreme muscle paralysis may be reduced, an abillity to swallow is also getting better.BAHASA INDONESIA Sindrom Guillain-Barré (SGB) merupakan sekumpulan sindrom yang termanifestasikan sebagai inflamasi akut poliradikuloneuropati sebagai hasil dari kelemahan dan penurunan refleks dengan berbagai variasi klinis yang ditemukan. Data epidemiologi untuk kasus SGB sebagai penyakit gangguan sistem saraf memang menunjukkan angka kejadian yang kurang signifikan secara global maupun nasional. Infeksi sebagai faktor pemicu SGB masih tinggi terjadi di negara tropik seperti Indonesia. Di Indonesia sendiri data SGB pada penelitian Deskripsi Luaran Pasien SGB dengan metode Erasmus GBS Outcome Score (EGOS) di RSUPN Cipto Mangun Kusumo sejak tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2014 didapat jumlah kasus baru SGB pertahun di RSUPNCM yaitu 7,6 kasus dan terjadi sepanjang tahun dan tidak mengenal musim. Data jumlah kasus baru yang terjadi memang tergolong rendah namun faktor pemicu infeksi seperti Mycoplasma pneumonia cukup tinggi. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi perhatian para tenaga kesehatan termasuk perawat untuk dapat memahami kasus SGB dan penanganannya. Tujuan penulisan ini memberikan informasi bagi rekan perawat (lahan praktik, pendidikan, maupun penelitian), pasien dan keluarga serta orang awam yang tertarik dengan kasus ini untuk lebih memahami kasus Sindrom Guillain Barre dan penanganan Plasmaferesis. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemaparan secara naratif catatan keperawatan pada 1 orang pasien yang terdiagnosa SGB dengan terapi plasmaferesis di ruang rawat inap di RS Swasta X di Jakarta Selatan. Proses perbaikan kondisi klinis sesuai dengan beberapa uji klinis yang tedapat di literatur yaitu kondisi gagal nafas tidak terjadi, paralisis otot ekstrimitas dapat berkurang, kemampuan menelan juga semakin membaik.

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