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INDONESIA
JPT : JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN (JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION)
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 25800604     EISSN : 26213141     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 169 Documents
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Biological Control of Aphis gossypii on Red Chili Pepper using Locally Isolated Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae Dang Khoa Bui; Hidrayani Hidrayani; Nurbailis Nurbailis
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.9.2.95-107.2025

Abstract

Red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a high-value horticultural crop in Indonesia, but its production is severely constrained by Aphis gossypii, which can cause yield losses of up to 65%. This study aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics, virulence, and lethal-sublethal effects of local isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against A. gossypii. Fungal viability and growth were assessed through spore germination and radial growth assays, while pathogenicity was evaluated using four conidial concentrations (10⁴–10¹⁰ conidia mL⁻¹). Aphid mortality, lethal concentration (LC), lethal time (LT), and reproductive performance were recorded, and the data were analyzed using factorial and probit analyses. The results showed that both fungi exhibited high spore viability (>96%) and stable mycelial growth rates (3.71–3.74 mm day⁻¹). Aphid mortality increased significantly with increasing conidial concentration, reaching 100% at 10¹⁰ conidia mL⁻¹, whereas mortality at 10⁴ conidia mL⁻¹ ranged from 26.67% to 40.00%. Probit analysis revealed comparable virulence, with LC₉₅ values of 8.09 for M. anisopliae and 8.29 for B. bassiana. Lethal time analysis showed a concentration-dependent killing pattern, with B. bassiana acting more rapidly at lower concentrations (10⁴–10⁶ conidia mL⁻¹) and M. anisopliae exhibiting shorter LT₅₀ values at higher concentrations (10⁸–10¹⁰ conidia mL⁻¹). In addition to lethal effects, both fungi significantly suppressed aphid reproduction, particularly at higher conidial concentrations. These findings demonstrate that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae possess strong and complementary bioefficacy against A. gossypii, supporting their potential application in integrated pest management programs.
Diversity and Entomopathogenic Activity of Pineapple-Associated Endophytic Fungi from Kualu Nenas, Riau, Indonesia, against Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Yolma Hendra; Saripah Ulpah; Sulhaswardi Sulhaswardi; Tondi Halomoan
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.10.1.1-14.2026

Abstract

Endophytic fungi hold considerable potential as biological control agents, yet their exploration from pineapple plants cultivated on peatlands remains limited. This study aimed to identify the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with pineapple (Ananas comosus) grown in Kualu Nenas, Riau, and to evaluate their entomopathogenic activity against the pineapple mealybug, Dysmicoccus brevipes. Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf sheaths and roots of 1-year-old and 15-year-old pineapple plants. A total of 24 fungal isolates were obtained and morphologically identified into five genera: Beauveria sp., Metarhizium sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., and Aspergillus sp. Preliminary pathogenicity screening against Tenebrio molitor larvae showed that 7 of the 24 isolates exhibited entomopathogenic activity, causing 33.33–100% mortality. Five isolates that caused >50% mortality were further evaluated against second-instar D. brevipes nymphs using a conidial suspension of 1 × 10⁸ conidia/ml. Among these isolates, Beauveria sp. KN1-D27 showed the highest virulence, causing 82% mortality at 10 days after treatment, with the shortest LT₅₀ of 6.4 days. This was followed by Metarhizium sp. KN1-A09, which caused 71% mortality with an LT₅₀ of 7.2 days, and Beauveria sp. KN15-D15, which caused 66% mortality with an LT₅₀ of 7.8 days. In contrast, Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. showed lower efficacy. These findings indicate that Beauveria sp. KN1-D27 has potential as a biological control candidate against D. brevipes on peatland pineapple.
Bioinsecticidal Activity of a Local Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate against Spodoptera litura Larvae on Green Mustard Hafiz Fauzana; Fajri Ananta Yudha; Rini Afriani
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.10.1.71 - 82.2026

Abstract

Tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius is a polyphagous pest that attacks green mustard and may cause substantial yield losses. Entomopathogenic fungi, including Metarhizium anisopliae Metsch., offer an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate the bioinsecticidal activity of a local isolate of M. anisopliae against third-instar S. litura larvae on green mustard under laboratory conditions. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six suspension treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/L in distilled water) and five replications, with 10 larvae in each experimental unit. The observed variables included isolate identification, total mortality, initial time of death, LT₅₀, LC₅₀, LC₉₅, daily mortality, and behavioral and morphological changes in infected larvae. This study confirmed that the local isolate of M. anisopliae is pathogenic to S. litura larvae on green mustard, causing high larval mortality, and a shorter lethal time at higher concentrations. Although the highest mortality was recorded at 50 g/L, the 30 g/L treatment showed comparable effectiveness to higher concentrations, indicating its potential as an efficient concentration for larval control.
Host Susceptibility Patterns of Local Chili Varieties to Bactrocera spp. in West Sumatra: Diversity, Infestation, and Cluster Analysis Nguyễn Phước Sang; Novri Nelly; Reflinaldon Reflinaldon; Hidrayani Hidrayani
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.10.1.27 - 41.2026

Abstract

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major pests of chili (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus) in tropical agroecosystems, but information on species dominance, infestation levels, and field susceptibility patterns of local chili varieties in West Sumatra remains limited. This study investigated Bactrocera spp. diversity, infestation levels, and varietal susceptibility patterns across four major chili-producing regencies in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Field surveys were conducted from July 2024 to March 2025 at 33 chili-growing sites in Agam, Solok, Tanah Datar, and Padang Pariaman. Fruit flies were monitored using methyl eugenol-baited modified Lynfield traps, while plant and fruit infestation were assessed through field observation and fruit dissection. Species diversity was evaluated using Shannon–Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou evenness indices. Differences in infestation among varieties were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test, while exploratory PCA and clustering were used to visualize infestation patterns. This study identified three fruit fly species associated with chili agroecosystems in West Sumatra, namely Bactrocera dorsalis, B. carambolae, and B. umbrosa. Among them, Bactrocera dorsalis overwhelmingly dominated the assemblages, resulting in low species diversity and evenness across regencies. Infestation levels differed among varieties, with Kuhay consistently showing the lowest plant, fruit, and overall infestation intensity. Aka, Keriting Bukittinggi, Rawit, and Kopay showed relatively higher infestation levels, although Kopay should be interpreted cautiously due to limited sample representation. These findings indicate differential field susceptibility among local chili varieties and suggest that low-infestation varieties such as Kuhay warrant further evaluation for integrated pest management and resistance-oriented breeding programs.
Potensi Biokontrol Jamur Lokal yang Berasosiasi dengan Akar terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) pada Pisang (Musa sp.) Firly Licardo; Chrisnawati Chrisnawati; Aulia Meyuliana; Jumjunidang Jumjunidang; riska riska
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.10.1.15-26.2026

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a soil-borne pathogen causing Fusarium wilt in banana and is widely distributed in Indonesia. Biological control using antagonistic fungi is a promising strategy for managing this disease. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of indigenous root-associated fungi in controlling Fusarium wilt in banana cv. Barangan Merah. The indigenous fungal isolates and Foc were obtained from the isolate collection of the Research Center for Horticulture, BRIN, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design comprising six treatments (Control, Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, Fusarium sp. 3, Trichoderma sp., unidentified fungus), four replicates, and five plants per replicate. Two-month-old banana plantlets derived from tissue culture were treated by placing 15 mL of fungal propagules per plant in the soil around the roots. The study showed that the application of Fusarium sp. 2 delayed the incubation period of Fusarium wilt in banana cv. Barangan Merah to 47.33 days, compared with 30.44 days in the untreated control. Fusarium sp. 2 resulted in the lowest disease intensity (33.65%). The application of indigenous fungi did not significantly affect plant height, stem circumference, or leaf number under the experimental conditions. Fusarium sp. 2 is a promising indigenous biocontrol candidate against Fusarium wilt in banana; however, further molecular identification, pathogenicity, safety confirmation, inoculum standardization, and field validation are required before practical recommendation.
Pathogenicity of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Fungi from West Sumatera, Indonesia, against Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and Their Effects on Post-Larval Development Indri Yanil Vajri; Trizelia Trizelia; Haliatur Rahma; Yusniwati Yusniwati
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.10.1.56-70.2026

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda is a major invasive pest of maize that requires effective control strategies. Entomopathogenic fungi are promising biological control agents because they can infect larvae and disrupt insect development. However, information on indigenous fungal isolates from West Sumatra, Indonesia remains limited. Moreover, their effects on post-larval development of S. frugiperda are still poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of several fungal isolates against S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of six fungal isolates (Beauveria bassiana BBWS, B. bassiana BBPD, Metarhizium anisopliae B22C, M. anisopliae KRJ, Trichoderma asperellum A116, T. asperellum S2D11) and two controls (sterile distilled water and cypermethrin). Fungal suspensions were applied to second-instar larvae at 1 × 10⁸ conidia mL⁻¹. All data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the LSD test at the 5% level. This study showed that the entomopathogenic fungal isolates tested affected the survival and postlarval development of S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. The fungal treatments caused larval mortality ranging from 40 - 70% and reduced the proportion of larvae into the pupal and adult stages. Among the tested isolates, B. bassiana BBWS was the most effective, causing the highest larval mortality, the shortest LT₅₀, and the lowest pupal and adult formation. However, further research is needed to confirm the pathogenicity mechanisms of the isolates, their conidial viability and stability during storage, and their efficacy under greenhouse and field conditions.
Molecular Characterization and Mechanical Transmission of a Papaya Ringspot Virus Isolate from Sleman Regency, Indonesia Meyrin Novia Vadilah; Fhilia Raga Cipta Wida; Rossa Wulandari; Alimah Nur Hasanah; Fatwa Annisa Yustisia; Carreista Ashila Shafa; Fadzilah Nur Hidayah; Hanum Nilamsari; Adyatma Irawan Santosa
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.10.1.42-55.2026

Abstract

Viral diseases severely affect papaya (Carica papaya Linnaeus) production in Indonesia, but information on papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) isolates from severe outbreaks in Sleman Regency remains limited. This study aimed to identify the causal virus and evaluate its mechanical transmissibility to selected cucurbit hosts. A composite leaf sample from five symptomatic papaya plants was tested for potyvirus and begomovirus using universal primers. The potyvirus amplicon was sequenced and analyzed using BLASTn, phylogenetic analysis, and pairwise nucleotide identity analysis based on a 462 bp trimmed partial coat protein region. Mechanical transmission was tested on cucumber (Cucumis sativus), melon (Cucumis melo), and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), followed by symptom observation and RT-PCR confirmation. This study identified identified the virus as PRSV-P, registered as PRSV-SMN-TJ, accession number PX927038. Disease incidence after inoculation ranged from 50% to 100%. Phylogenetic and nucleotide identity analyses placed the PRSV-SMN-TJ isolate within the same cluster as Indonesian and Thailand PRSV isolates. This study was based on a single composite field sample and a limited host transmission assay; therefore, broader sampling, complete diagnostic controls, and quantitative pathogenicity assessment are needed. Nevertheless, these findings provide baseline information for PRSV surveillance and management planning in papaya-growing areas.
Management of Physiological Cherelle Wilt in Theobroma cacao through Foliar Boric Acid Application Branmanda Fardhaza Saputra; Elisabteh Nanik Kristalisasi; Herry Wirianata
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.10.1.83-94.2026

Abstract

Cherelle wilt is a physiological disorder that causes fruit loss in cacao during early fruit development. It is associated with assimilate imbalance and young fruit abscission and should be distinguished from fruit wilt caused by pest injury. This study evaluated foliar boric acid application to reduce physiological cherelle wilt and improve young fruit retention in two cacao clones. The research was conducted in April - August 2025 at the Sidodadi farmer group, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The experiment used a factorial randomized complete block design with two factors: cacao clone (MCC01, MCC02) and boric acid concentration (0, 2, 4, and 8 g L⁻¹ H₃BO₃), with five replications. Variables included flower number, physiologically wilted young fruits, Helopeltis-associated wilted young fruits, and healthy young fruits. The results revealed that physiological cherelle wilt was distinguished from Helopeltis-associated wilt by visual symptoms. Foliar boric acid application significantly affected flower number, physiological cherelle wilt, and Helopeltis-associated wilt through clone × concentration interactions. MCC02 treated with 4 g L⁻¹ H₃BO₃ produced the highest flower number, whereas MCC02 treated with 2 g L⁻¹ H₃BO₃ produced the lowest number of physiologically wilted young fruits. Healthy young fruit formation was independently affected by clone and boric acid concentration, with MCC02 and 4–8 g L⁻¹ H₃BO₃ showing the best responses. Foliar boron management using boric acid can serve as a supporting preventive strategy in cacao plant protection by reducing physiological fruit loss and improving young fruit retention in a clone-specific manner, while Helopeltis-associated wilt still requires direct pest monitoring and management.
Reduction of Whitefly Infestation and Yellowing Disease Symptoms in Field-Grown Kopay Chili Pepper by Local Multispore Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Yefri wati; Darmansyah Darmansyah
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.10.1.95-104.2026

Abstract

Chili pepper is frequently affected by yellowing disease symptoms associated with whitefly infestation, reducing plant performance under field conditions. Environmentally friendly strategies are needed to suppress vector infestation and disease symptom development. This study evaluated the effectiveness of local multispore arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in reducing whitefly infestation and yellowing disease symptoms in field-grown Kopay chili pepper. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field and Biology Laboratory of Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, West Sumatra, Indonesia. A randomized complete block design was used with four AMF doses: 0, 50, 70, and 100 g per plant. Observed variables included leaf-sucking insect (LSI) infestation, yellowing disease symptom (YDS) incidence, and AMF root colonization. Disease assessment was based on visual field symptoms without molecular confirmation. The results showed that local multispore AMF reduced LSI infestation and YDS incidence. The 100 g AMF treatment produced the lowest LSI infestation from 32% in the control to 7%. This treatment also reduced yellowing disease symptom incidence from 40% in the control to 5%, while AMF-treated plants showed high root colonization ranging from 56.7% to 61.7%. These findings indicate that local multispore AMF, particularly at 100 g per plant, has potential as a biological input to support environmentally friendly management of yellowing disease symptoms in chili pepper. However, because disease diagnosis was based on visual symptoms only, further studies using molecular confirmation of the causal pathogen are needed.

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