Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.
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<![CDATA[Analysis of Waiting Time for Filing Prescriptions in Hospital Pharmacy ]]>
<![CDATA[Fauzia, Ulfa]]>;
<![CDATA[Setiawati, Elsa P.]]>;
<![CDATA[Surahman, Emma S.]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16226
<![CDATA[Patient waiting time for healthcare services is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the key measurements of a responsive health system. Waiting time for filing prescription can influence patient satisfaction on hospital pharmacy service. This study was conducted to analyze current condition of waiting time for filing precription and related parameters. This study was prospective cross-sectional study conducted for 10 days at a hospital pharmacy, in Indramayu, Indonesia. Data regarding distribution of patients flow was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. We observed that this hospital uses single queue channel-single phase model in three counters, i.e., public health insurance (PHI), private/general, government insurance (GI). The rate of patients visit was (λ) 9.40 and the rate of service was (µ) 1.26 in PHI. In private/general counter, the rate of patients visit was (λ) 5.03 and the rate of service was (µ) 4.08. The rate of patients visit was (λ) 4.85 and the rate of service was (µ) 5.85 in GI. Data indicated that there was excessive work loads. Thus, several strategies should be performed to decrease waiting time, e.g., the use of computer-based queuing system and the improvement of quality and quantity of human resources in the hospital pharmacy.Keywords: waiting time, outpatient, queueing theory]]>
<![CDATA[Local Hemostatic Activity of Psidium guajava Leaves in Swiss Webster Mice ]]>
<![CDATA[Vitamia, Cszahreyloren]]>;
<![CDATA[Saputra, Angga]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16223
<![CDATA[Psidium guajava (P. guajava) leaves have been empirically used to stop bleeding. Tannin,one of this plantâs secondary metabolites, may contribute to this activity. However, informationregarding its pharmacologicy activity was limited. Therefore, this study was performedto evaluate local hemostatic activity of P. guajava leaves. This study used Duke method withmale Swiss Webster mice as test animals. The animals were grouped into three i.e., negativecontrol (distilled water), positive control (epinephrin), and P. guajava group. Its tail was cut(2-3 mm) and the bleeding time was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed usingKruskal-Wallis test and continued with Least Significant Different (LSD) test. The mean(SD) of bleeding time for those groups were 246.00 (22.95), 72.40 (5.55), and 88.40 (7.03),respectively. There was a significant difference between the negative control group with theother two groups, but there was not significant difference between the positive control groupand the P. guajava group. In conclusion, P. guajava showed promising local hemostatic activityand can be further developed as potential hemostatic agents.Keywords: Psidium guajava, hemostatic, bleeding time]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Prescription Pattern for Internal Medicines Outpatients using World Health Organization Indicators ]]>
<![CDATA[Dinge, Fonny]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdulah, Rizky]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumiwi, Sri A.]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16216
<![CDATA[Rational use of drugs plays an important role in efficacy and safety. World Health Organization(WHO) developed a set of indicators to assess medicines precribing pattern. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the rational use of drugs among internal medicines outpatients ata hospital in Papua, Indonesia, using WHO prescribing indicators. This study was a retrospectiveobservational study conducted during January-March 2014. The data were obtainedfrom patients medical prescriptions. From each prescriptions, data regarding the the totalnumber of drugs, generic, antibiotics, parenteral, and essential drugs were extracted. A totalof 2025 medical precriptions were included in this study. We found out that the averagenumber of drugs per prescription was 2.3. Majority of the prescribed drugs were generic(84.14%). The use of antibiotics, parenteral drugs, and essential drugs were 33.43%, 3.40%,and 60.13%, respectively. Polypharmacy was relatively low among the subjects. The medicinesprescribing patterns among internal medicines outpatients were in accordance withWHO recommendation.Keywords: prescribing indicator, polypharmacy, essential drugs]]>
<![CDATA[Anti-proliferative Activity of Crotalaria pallida Aiton on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells ]]>
<![CDATA[Rumondor, Erladys M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Moektiwardoyo, Moelyono]]>;
<![CDATA[Barliana, Melisa I.]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16218
<![CDATA[Â Crotalaria pallida Aiton (C. pallida Aiton) is empirically used as dietary supplement to treat cancer by the people of North Sulawesi. However, its scientific pharmacology activity has not been explored yet. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate anti-proliferative activity of C. pallida Aiton on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The extraction of leaves and seeds were performed using ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water. Phytochemical screening was then performed to identify secondary metabolites in this extract. Anti-proliferative activity was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction of C. pallida Aiton has the lowest IC50 (29,67). In conclusion, ethyl acetate fraction of C. pallida Aiton is potential to be developed as anti cancer agent.Keywords: Crotalaria pallida Aiton, WST assay, MCF-7 cell line]]>
<![CDATA[Predictor of Diabetes: Correlation between Leucine Concentration and Insulin Resistance ]]>
<![CDATA[Wijaya, Chyntia R.]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukmana, Indriyanti R.]]>;
<![CDATA[Levita, Jutti]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16225
<![CDATA[Leucine catabolism changes among people with central obesity. This condition can lead to metabolic pathway disorder and increased mTORC-1 activation. Downstream signal of mTORC-1 is p70S6K1, which causes phosphorylation of insulin-1 receptor substrate (IRC-1). This study was performed to evaluate correlation between leucine concentration and insulin resistance (IR). This study was a prospective cross-sectional study, involving two groups; control and obese group. General characteristics and blood sample were taken from each subject. Leucin and Homeostasis Model Assesment (HOMA)-IR, as the marker of insulin resistance, were evaluated. The result indicated a significant positive correlation between leucine concentration and insulin resistance value (R=0.351; P=0.006) in central obese men. The higher leucine concentration, the higher the risk of insulin resistance occurrance. Therefore, leucine can be used as a biomarker for early detection of insulin resistance.Keywords: amino acids, mTORC-1, insulin-1 receptor substrate]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Waiting Time for Filing Prescriptions in Hospital Pharmacy ]]>
<![CDATA[Ulfa Fauzia]]>;
<![CDATA[Elsa P. Setiawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Emma S. Surahman]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16226
<![CDATA[Patient waiting time for healthcare services is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the key measurements of a responsive health system. Waiting time for filing prescription can influence patient satisfaction on hospital pharmacy service. This study was conducted to analyze current condition of waiting time for filing precription and related parameters. This study was prospective cross-sectional study conducted for 10 days at a hospital pharmacy, in Indramayu, Indonesia. Data regarding distribution of patients flow was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. We observed that this hospital uses single queue channel-single phase model in three counters, i.e., public health insurance (PHI), private/general, government insurance (GI). The rate of patients visit was (λ) 9.40 and the rate of service was (µ) 1.26 in PHI. In private/general counter, the rate of patients visit was (λ) 5.03 and the rate of service was (µ) 4.08. The rate of patients visit was (λ) 4.85 and the rate of service was (µ) 5.85 in GI. Data indicated that there was excessive work loads. Thus, several strategies should be performed to decrease waiting time, e.g., the use of computer-based queuing system and the improvement of quality and quantity of human resources in the hospital pharmacy.Keywords: waiting time, outpatient, queueing theory]]>
<![CDATA[Local Hemostatic Activity of Psidium guajava Leaves in Swiss Webster Mice ]]>
<![CDATA[Cszahreyloren Vitamia]]>;
<![CDATA[Angga Saputra]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
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Full PDF (140.091 KB)
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16223
<![CDATA[Psidium guajava (P. guajava) leaves have been empirically used to stop bleeding. Tannin, one of this plant’s secondary metabolites, may contribute to this activity. However, information regarding its pharmacologicy activity was limited. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate local hemostatic activity of P. guajava leaves. This study used Duke method with male Swiss Webster mice as test animals. The animals were grouped into three i.e., negative control (distilled water), positive control (epinephrin), and P. guajava group. Its tail was cut (2-3 mm) and the bleeding time was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with Least Significant Different (LSD) test. The mean (SD) of bleeding time for those groups were 246.00 (22.95), 72.40 (5.55), and 88.40 (7.03), respectively. There was a significant difference between the negative control group with the other two groups, but there was not significant difference between the positive control group and the P. guajava group. In conclusion, P. guajava showed promising local hemostatic activity and can be further developed as potential hemostatic agents. Keywords: Psidium guajava, hemostatic, bleeding time ]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Prescription Pattern for Internal Medicines Outpatients using World Health Organization Indicators ]]>
<![CDATA[Fonny Dinge]]>;
<![CDATA[Rizky Abdulah]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri A. Sumiwi]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
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Full PDF (139.317 KB)
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16216
<![CDATA[Rational use of drugs plays an important role in efficacy and safety. World Health Organization(WHO) developed a set of indicators to assess medicines precribing pattern. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the rational use of drugs among internal medicines outpatients ata hospital in Papua, Indonesia, using WHO prescribing indicators. This study was a retrospectiveobservational study conducted during January-March 2014. The data were obtainedfrom patients medical prescriptions. From each prescriptions, data regarding the the totalnumber of drugs, generic, antibiotics, parenteral, and essential drugs were extracted. A totalof 2025 medical precriptions were included in this study. We found out that the averagenumber of drugs per prescription was 2.3. Majority of the prescribed drugs were generic(84.14%). The use of antibiotics, parenteral drugs, and essential drugs were 33.43%, 3.40%,and 60.13%, respectively. Polypharmacy was relatively low among the subjects. The medicinesprescribing patterns among internal medicines outpatients were in accordance withWHO recommendation.Keywords: prescribing indicator, polypharmacy, essential drugs]]>
<![CDATA[Anti-proliferative Activity of Crotalaria pallida Aiton on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells ]]>
<![CDATA[Erladys M. Rumondor]]>;
<![CDATA[Moelyono Moektiwardoyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Melisa I. Barliana]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
Show Abstract
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Full PDF (145.873 KB)
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16218
<![CDATA[ Crotalaria pallida Aiton (C. pallida Aiton) is empirically used as dietary supplement to treat cancer by the people of North Sulawesi. However, its scientific pharmacology activity has not been explored yet. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate anti-proliferative activity of C. pallida Aiton on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The extraction of leaves and seeds were performed using ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water. Phytochemical screening was then performed to identify secondary metabolites in this extract. Anti-proliferative activity was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction of C. pallida Aiton has the lowest IC50 (29,67). In conclusion, ethyl acetate fraction of C. pallida Aiton is potential to be developed as anti cancer agent.Keywords: Crotalaria pallida Aiton, WST assay, MCF-7 cell line]]>
<![CDATA[Predictor of Diabetes: Correlation between Leucine Concentration and Insulin Resistance ]]>
<![CDATA[Chyntia R. Wijaya]]>;
<![CDATA[Indriyanti R. Sukmana]]>;
<![CDATA[Jutti Levita]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia ]]>
Show Abstract
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Full PDF (140.33 KB)
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DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i3.16225
<![CDATA[Leucine catabolism changes among people with central obesity. This condition can lead to metabolic pathway disorder and increased mTORC-1 activation. Downstream signal of mTORC-1 is p70S6K1, which causes phosphorylation of insulin-1 receptor substrate (IRC-1). This study was performed to evaluate correlation between leucine concentration and insulin resistance (IR). This study was a prospective cross-sectional study, involving two groups; control and obese group. General characteristics and blood sample were taken from each subject. Leucin and Homeostasis Model Assesment (HOMA)-IR, as the marker of insulin resistance, were evaluated. The result indicated a significant positive correlation between leucine concentration and insulin resistance value (R=0.351; P=0.006) in central obese men. The higher leucine concentration, the higher the risk of insulin resistance occurrance. Therefore, leucine can be used as a biomarker for early detection of insulin resistance.Keywords: amino acids, mTORC-1, insulin-1 receptor substrate]]>
