Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration
JMSNI is an international peer-reviewed journal focuse on the social dimensions of coastal and marine issues throughout the world. It is published by Doctoral Program of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University. JMSNI is published twice a year in June and December
Articles
90 Documents
<![CDATA[Marine Object Protection toward the Development and Management of Zoning Coastal Areas: A Case Study in Balikpapan as the Candidate of New Capital City ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurul Huda Anggraeni]]>;
<![CDATA[Eko Budi Haryono]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 5, No 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v5i1.8053
<![CDATA[The maritime security term covers issues related to national security, economic development, human security, and marine environment. Areas that are monitored and protected include oceans and territorial waters, regional seas, rivers and ports. Maritime security strategies aim to track down and respond to all crimes to happen at sea. Marine national vital objects have a very strategic role in national development. It can help to improve resilience and the capacity of stakeholders in their areas to cope with surprises. This may be accomplished by being proactive in the development of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery strategies to deal with known, uncertain and unknown hazards. The security of vital national objects is a priority to anticipate potential threats, especially in Balikpapan, East Borneo areas. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach and SWOT analysis. The results show that the variables found inhibiting factors related to the human resources and facilities/infrastructure. As a theoretical criticism in this study, the existence of policy in determining infrastructure vital object which became the operasional basis for securing vital objects, especially in the new capital city. It is due to the strong interests of stakeholders related to defense, economics, and environtment. So, in conclusion this study promotes the implementation of policy in securing vital objects in order to move the capital to the East Borneo area.]]>
<![CDATA[The Administration of Hajj in Brunei under the British Residency (1906 – 1954): A Historical Perspective ]]>
<![CDATA[Bazilah Mobeen]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 5, No 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v5i1.8008
<![CDATA[This article explores the historical perspective of the administration of hajj in Brunei under the British Residency from 1906 until 1954. The pilgrimage reports were initially issued by the British and the British-Indian Officers. Malaysian pilgrims were previously misclassified as Javanese due to oversimplification of the officers in charge before the 1920s. Nevertheless, Bruneian pilgrims might interrelate with the same problem as they shared the same hajj routes. Eventually in the 1920s, the pilgrimage reports were mainly handled by the Malay Pilgrimage officer who was also known as the Malayan Pilgrimage Commissioner in 1948. The Malayan Pilgrimage Commissioner was responsible in handling the pilgrims from Brunei, Federation of Malaya, Sarawak, North Borneo, and Singapore during the pilgrimage season in Mecca at the time. Even though the Malayan Pilgrimage Commissioner eliminated the misclassification of Malaysian pilgrims, Bruneian pilgrims continued to be enumerated together with pilgrims from Malaysia under the rubric of ‘Malay Pilgrims’. Primary and secondary research method are conducted for this article where various primary and secondary sources related to the administration of hajj in Brunei from 1906 until 1954 are used. This article discusses the roles and duties of the British Residents, local officers, Malayan Pilgrimage Commissioner, Medical Officers, and Sheikh Haji (Hajj Sheikh) in the hajj administration of the pilgrims from Brunei. This article further analyses British interests behind their involvements in the hajj administration.]]>
<![CDATA[British Naval Power and its Influence on Indonesia, 1795–1942: An Historical Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Peter Carey]]>;
<![CDATA[Christopher Reinhart]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 5, No 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v5i1.9343
<![CDATA[In Indonesian history, Britain has never been considered a prominent player in the politics of the archipelago. From an Indonesian perspective, the British presence only lasted a brief five years (1811–1816) during short-lived interregnum regime led by Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826). This began with the British seizure of Java from the Franco-Dutch administration of Marshal Daendels (1808-11) and his successor, General Janssens (May-September 1811), and ended with the formal return of the colony to the Netherlands on 19 August 1816. However, as this article demonstrates, Britain has had a long-lasting and decisive influence on modern Indonesian history, dating from the time when the archipelago entered the vortex of global conflict between Britain and Republican France in the 1790s. The presence of the British navy in Indonesian waters throughout the century and a half which followed Britain’s involvement in the War of the First Coalition (1792-97) dictated inter alia the foundation of new cities like Bandung which grew up along Daendels’ celebrated postweg (military postroad), the development of modern Javanese cartography, and even the fate of the exiled Java War leader, Prince Diponegoro. in distant Sulawesi (1830-55). This British naval presence had pluses and minuses for the Dutch. On the one hand, it was a guarantor of Dutch security from foreign seaborne invasion. On the other, it opened the possibility for British interference in the domestic politics of Holland’s vast Asian colony. As witnessed in the 20th-century, the existence of the Dutch as colonial masters in the Indonesian Archipelago was critically dependent on the naval defence screen provided by the British. When the British lost their major battleships (Prince of Wales and Repulse) to Japanese attack off the east coast of Malaya on 10 December 1941 and Singapore fell on 15 February 1942, the fate of the Dutch East Indies was sealed. Today, the vital role played by the Royal Navy in guaranteeing the archipelago’s security up to February 1942 has been replaced by that of the Honolulu-based US Seventh Fleet but the paradoxes of such protection have continued.]]>
<![CDATA[Identification of Fishing Gear in Java from Historical and Cultural Perspective ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Indrahti]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Maziyah]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 5, No 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v5i1.11182
<![CDATA[Fishing is one of the livelihoods in Java which causes the emergence of different fishing gears from one place to another. By applying a historical perspective, this paper identifies variety of fishing gears for fishermen in Jepara and Pekalongan which can be traced to their historical roots since prehistoric times. Two important questions raised in this article, among others, related to the history of fishing gear for fishermen in Java and why this fishing gear is still sustainable up to the present day. This research was conducted in several stages. First, it begins by searching for various fishing gears based on literature studies. Second, field research which conducted in Jepara and Pekalongan to determine the continuity of culture related to the findings of fishermen's fishing gear. The results showed that fishing is a job that has been done by humans for a long time. The variety of fishing gear used are adjusted to the natural conditions where the fish are located. The diversity of fishing gear shows that fishing activity can be used either as a side job or a main job. Even though it has passed a dozen centuries, it turns out that some traditional fishing gear are still used until today, indeed with modifications and innovations.]]>
<![CDATA[The Tanah-Air Concept and Indonesia’s Maritime Nation Aspiration ]]>
<![CDATA[Indra Alverdian]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 5, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v5i2.10433
<![CDATA[This article analyses the Tanah-Air (Unity of Land-Water) concept conceived by Indonesian founding fathers during its independence period and its centrality in shaping the nation’s maritime outlook. Specifically, using descriptive historical analytical approach, it would like to emphasize the role of intersection of Indonesia’s political culture of national unity (Persatuan Nasional), strategic culture of turning of the ages of Nusantara (Cakra Manggilingan), and geopolitical outlook of archipelago’s heart seas (Segara Nusantara) as the three forming pillars of the Tanah-Air concept. Based on these intersections, it underlines unique contradictions within the Tanah-Air concept between need for unity and oneness of land-sea elements of the Indonesian archipelago and the concentric Javanese philosophy on the sea and its maritime power aspirations. Based on these contradictions and insight of the ‘Tanah-Air’ concept, the article provides a pragmatic view on Indonesia’s current aspiration of moving beyond archipelagic to maritime nation as stipulated in the 2014 Global Maritime Fulcrum Doctrine and 2017 Sea Policy Whitepaper. ]]>
<![CDATA[Ideology Movements of Trisakti Trilogy: Remending Maritime Archipelagic as a Concept of Indonesian Unity in the Threat of Democracy and Sovereignty Crisis ]]>
<![CDATA[Luthfi Habibullah]]>;
<![CDATA[Bagus Haryono]]>;
<![CDATA[Argyo Demartoto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 5, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v5i2.10555
<![CDATA[Indonesia has great potential in managing its maritime strength. Historical traces have recorded that Nusantara kingdoms succeeded in showing their strength to build geopolitical and global trade routes. Having a geographical structure makes Indonesia pay great attention to the sea. Archipelagic state is not merely interpreted as an archipelagic concept, but it is a state that connects islands to and from a sovereign territory by presenting a national maritime power. Indonesia is expected to be a successor to the maritime nation considered in Southeast Asia and also to play its role in the global geopolitical strategy. National unity must be followed by strong geographical entity. The emergence of the Juanda Declaration as a diplomacy order was to defend the principles of the sovereign island nation of Indonesia. The sea is no longer defined as a separator, but a link and unifying sovereignty. State sovereignty become the foundation of the Trisakti trilogy. Fully sovereign in political, self-sufficient in economic and conforming personality in cultural values are the basis of the foundation. It rejects all forms of new-style imperialism, capitalism and foreign dictation of life value system.]]>
<![CDATA[Fishermen Empowerment Strategy as a Solution in the Security Management Crisis in the North Natuna Sea ]]>
<![CDATA[Merisa Dwi Juanita]]>;
<![CDATA[Masaji Faiz Dani Agus Setiani]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 5, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v5i2.13450
<![CDATA[Indonesia faces tremendous pressure in dealing with the crisis in the North Natuna Sea with China, which often violates Indonesia's EEZ in the North Natuna Sea. The frequency of crises in the North Natuna Sea is increasingly frequent. It requires an effective strategy without damaging diplomatic relations, and local Natuna fishers immediately feel the benefits. Diplomatic efforts carried out since 1994 and military policies have no significant effect in preventing China's aggressiveness. Up until now, Chinese fishing vessels and the Chinese Coast Guard are still carrying out provocative actions by violating Indonesia's IUU Fishing and EEZ by adhering to the Nine-Dash Line principle, which has disrupted maritime security and has harmed Indonesia for not respecting the 1982 UNCLOS. Moreover, Jakarta's response to that event sent fishing boats from Pantura Java to take fish in the Natuna area, making it worse for local Natuna fishers. Thus act sparked a conflict, which meant Natuna fishers faced two threats from foreign parties and conflicts with Pantura Java fishers. The researcher aims to analyze the strategies that the Government of Indonesia has carried out in dealing with the crisis in the North Natuna Sea with China by using qualitative methods and triangulation analysis techniques with the concept of national interest. The researcher analyzed how the strategy used by the Indonesian Government did not have a significant impact on reducing China's aggressiveness and conflicts with Pantura Java fishers. The study results indicate that additional strategies are needed to encourage the effectiveness of the expected results by prioritizing local Natuna fishermen as part of the solution, with maximum coordination between the Indonesian Navy, BAKAMLA (Badan Keamanan Laut/ Indonesian Maritime Security Agency), and the Natuna Fisherman Community. Researchers suggest that the central Government coordinates with stakeholders to form a “Sovereignty Patrol Fisherman Team” accompanied by Bakamla as a concrete action to safeguard the sovereignty and sovereign rights of professional fishers to facilitate up-to-date and surviving fishing vessels in the North Natuna Sea as a form of state defence and empowerment of local Natuna fishers.]]>
<![CDATA[‘Bridge’ to ‘Fence’ A Maritime History of the Straits of Malacca ]]>
<![CDATA[Ooi Keat Gin]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 6, No 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v5i2.9443
<![CDATA[Oceans, seas, straits and other bodies of water may pose as dividers between lands, but at the same time, function as bridges interconnecting diverse territories. The latter ascribed a positive attribute in characterizing oceans, seas, straits as linkages between islands, and islands with continents. This study emphasizes the history of the Straits of Malacca and its role to the dynamic of world interconnecting networks. The Straits of Malacca (hereinafter the Straits) in the midst of Southeast Asia is a medium of interaction that enjoins the Malay Peninsula (present day West/Peninsular Malaysia) to other parts of the region spanning across to distant Java and Borneo. The Straits, from time immemorial, has functioned as a natural ‘bridge’ of the Malay World, referring to the Malay Archipelago or Nusantara, that largely comprised the greater expanse of insular Southeast Asia. This ‘bridge’ was even more significant in the period prior to the nineteenth century, being apparent as early as the mid-seventh century CE]]>
<![CDATA[Why They Choosing Career To Be A Seaman? ]]>
<![CDATA[Popo Hartoyo]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 5, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v5i2.9755
<![CDATA[This study aims to explain the factors underlying the cadets in determining seaman as the chosen profession / career. The independent variables in this study were Extrinsic Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, Labor Market Motivation, Career Motivation, and Cadets / Student Perceptions. The dependent variable is career interest as a seaman. Object of research at Djadajat Maritime Academy Jakarta. The author has used the survey method in this paper. The author collects data from 240 cadets who have studied for at least 1 year at the Djadajat Maritime Academy and have not carried out 1-year sea service practices onboard vessel as regulated. The results showed that what influenced their interests as sailors was due to intrinsic motivation and perception. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study that shows students' motivation when deciding to become seaman. For the organizations, this study can be the basis for determine the right learning method to improve seaman competency]]>
<![CDATA[J.C. van Leur and the Problematic Origins of “Autonomous” Indonesian History ]]>
<![CDATA[Eric Jones]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 6, No 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v6i1.13938
<![CDATA[The main purpose of this article is to criticize J.C. van Leur's reputation as a Dutch historian who had been very vocal in criticizing his predecessors regarding Indonesian history. For modern Indonesian historians, van Leur is seen as a pioneer to reverse the perspective of a centric Western perspective to an Indonesian centric point of view. The Western centric point of view places Indonesian history as an extension of the Dutch history in Europe so that it is clear that Indonesian history does not have autonomy. However, van Leur's critique is true for the history of Indonesia during the Dutch colonial period, not for critiques of the pre-colonial period. To critically review van Leur's conception of Indonesia's historical autonomy, this article will take a close look at the intellectual trends that Van Leur responded to. This article argues that van Leur's research is very deductive by making the claim that the picture of the past trading community in Southeast Asia is proving to be misguided. This article finds that one of van Leur's weaknesses is that he conducts historical research that is thesis-driven, not research-based, and his belief in a thesis has prompted him to impose totality on Western categories of Southeast Asian history. The use of Max Weber's model in analyzing history actually makes van Leur's analysis of Southeast Asian history not even fully autonomous]]>
