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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 24 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science" : 24 Documents clear
Overview of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) Breeding and Prospects in Ethiopia: A Review Berie, Abunu Marefia; Abate, Alemu
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.1-9

Abstract

The world has faced challenges to produce more food to feed the growing population. Improved crop varieties key inputs for significant increases in production and productivity. Finger millet is thus one of a highly nutritious and food security crop. In Ethiopia, major achievements were made for major crops; however, the time and resources devoted to improving finger millet are low compared to other cereal crops. As a result, there is little scientific intervention aimed at improving finger millet. Besides, the crop is constrained by biotic, abiotic, and socioeconomic factors. As a result, the productivity of finger millet is far below its potential. Nowadays, there is an initiation and effort to develop improved finger millet varieties; hence, yield increases have been achieved in Ethiopia over the years. The available genetic resources, wide adaptability of the crop, and the current growing acreage have at times been considered opportunities to boost crop production and productivity. Strong research efforts and the transfer of technologies have to be strengthened in the country, and such efforts must be made in finger millet potential areas of the country. Thus, to lift the value as an alternative food crop capitalizing on these opportunities could ensure food and nutrition security in Ethiopia and the world. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review and document information on the breeding achievements made, as well as key challenges, opportunities, and interventions, to provide insight into the future of finger millet breeding in Ethiopia.
Analysis of Farmers’ Indigenous Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices Used in the Control of Parasitic Weed Striga among Maize and Sorghum Farmers in Northern Nigeria Suleiman, Muhammad Sabiu; Abdulrahaman, Lado; Hussaini, Muhammad Auwalu; Bello, Tasi'u Tukur; Isa, Halima Mohammed; Ibrahim, Hassan; Dawaki, Mansur U; Fagge, Aminu Alhassan; Aliyu, Kamaludden Tijjani; Kamara, Alpha Y
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.59-69

Abstract

This study examined the socio-economic impact of the parasitic weed Striga infestation and the effectiveness of local and conventional control measures in Nigeria’s Gombe, Kano, and Jigawa States. Cross-sectional data from 925 respondents in 2020 was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Most respondents were male (94.8%), married (85%), and engaged in crop production (64%). The average landholding per household was 2 hectares, primarily used for cereal and legume cultivation, such as maize, sorghum, cowpea, and millet. The majority practiced mixed cropping (88%). Soil texture, moisture retention, color, and grass species appearance were used to assess farmland fertility. Striga infestation’s negative effects included stunted growth (59%), yellowing of crops (57%), yield decline (51%), and soil fertility reduction (19%). Respondents considered continuous cropping (63%), low fertilization (89%), poor crop management (79%), low rainfall (45%), and high temperature (45%) as the main causes of Striga infestation. Farmers used various methods for control, including appropriate fertilizer application (75%) and weeding (68%). Indigenous methods like a mixture of salt and potash and Parkia fruit powder were also common. The effectiveness of indigenous and conventional methods showed no significant difference between Jigawa and Katsina. In conclusion, Striga infestation significantly threatens crop production, income, and food security. It can be managed through both conventional and indigenous methods. Efforts should focus on educating farmers about agronomic practices to mitigate Striga infestation and promote the adoption of Striga-resistant crop varieties, especially in Striga-prone areas.
Participatory Variety Selection and Promotion of Improved Soybean (Glycine max L.) Variety in Northwestern Ethiopia Zeleke, Bantalem; Esmeal, Jemal; Abebe, Dereje; Mengie, Yitayal
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.206-214

Abstract

A participatory variety selection (PVS) approach was used to evaluate the varieties when selecting new soybean varieties. Farmers were requested to state the most important traits when deciding which soybean varieties to adopt. The study aimed to identify a high-yielding variety that fulfills farmers’ preferences, creates wider demand, and strengthens linkage among the possible actors in improved soybean varieties. The study was conducted at Jawe, Guangua, and North Achefer locations in the Awi and West Gojam zones during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Eight improved soybean varieties were considered in the experiment. Farmers identified seven biological attributes as their selection criteria and considered social factors when deciding which variety to grow. High grain yields of 1830 kg.ha-1 and 1680 kg.ha-1 were recorded for varieties “Pawe-02” and “Wegayen,” respectively, whereas the lowest grain yield of 1430 kg.ha-1 was recorded for the variety “Ethio-Yugoslavia.” “Pawe-02” variety was ranked 1st by farmers’ selection in two districts among the eight varieties. The average performance of the “Pawe-02” variety in the pre-scale-up activity was 2580 kg.ha-1 with a yield advantage of 48.87%. Likert-scale analysis indicated that farmers positively perceived the important traits “Pawe-02” against the existing soya bean variety. Therefore, the “Pawe-02” variety should be recommended to farmers on a large scale to benefit them in this study area and similar agroecology.
Effects of Pruning, Branch Bending, and Biofertilizer Application on Flowering and Fruiting of Guava “Crystal” Natalia, Cristina Evi; Susanto, Slamet; Suketi, Ketty; Hapsari, Dhika Prita
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.185-194

Abstract

Guava “Crystal” is one of Indonesia’s most popular varieties; its demand continues to increase, so it is important to examine methods to increase fruit production. This research aims to increase the flowering and fruiting of guava “Crystal” through branch-bending and application of biofertilizer. The results showed that pruning + bending significantly increased the number of shoots by 15.8%, shoot length by 11.16%, and leaf number by 15.09%. This treatment also increased flower number by 88.84%, fruit number by 77.9%, and double the fruit weight. Biofertilizers significantly increased vegetative growth in the form of the number of shoots (5.12%), shoot length (9.21%), and number of leaves (10.29%). Pruning + bending and biofertilizer did not significantly affect weight per fruit, fruit diameter, fruit volume, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, total titratable acids, and vitamin C content.
An Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryo of Wild Banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis Handayani, Tri; Martanti, Diyah; Prawestri, Apriliana Dyah; Maharijaya, Awang; Wahyu, Yudiwanti; Sobir; Witjaksono
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.172-184

Abstract

Wild banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis, an ancestor of cultivated bananas, possesses valuable genetic diversity, including resistance genes to fusarium wilt, and demonstrates high environmental adaptability. These traits are important for pre-breeding programs, whether by conventional breeding, which is a lengthy process, or by taking advantage of somatic cell manipulation techniques such as somatic hybridization, which requires an efficient plant regeneration system like somatic embryogenesis. We have established an efficient and comprehensive protocol for somatic embryogenesis of this wild Musa using immature zygotic embryo explants covering culture induction and proliferation, somatic embryo development, and subsequent plant conversion. Embryogenic culture was induced on a complex-modified MS medium supplemented with 1 mg.L-1 2,4-D auxin or 5 mg.L-1 picloram. The embryogenic cultures proliferated in the form of granular or nodular structures, which was best obtained by reducing the picloram concentration to 1 mg.L-1 and combining it with the same concentration of 2,4-D at a half-strength macro-nutrient of basal medium. Embryo development from embryogenic cultures and regeneration into shoots. Proembryos as granular structures spontaneously matured into early-stage somatic embryos upon withdrawal of the strong auxin inducer. Increasing the sucrose and gelling agent concentrations in the growth medium improved somatic embryo formation from embryogenic cultures. The frequency of shoot formation from developed somatic embryos was increased by incorporating 0.5 mg.L-1 BA and 0.5 mg.L-1 GA3 into the regeneration medium.
Growth Response of Bambara Groundnut to the Application of Rhizobium sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in Matriconditioning and Nitrogen-Phosphate Fertilization Umadi, Sarah Sakinah; Ilyas, Satriyas; Widyastuti, Rahayu
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.37-46

Abstract

Bambara groundnut has the potential to be an alternative food source of protein and carbohydrates. However, the quality of the seeds is not guaranteed, which can affect plant growth. The experiment aimed to determine the growth response of Bambara groundnut to the application of nitrogen fixation bacteria (Rhizobium sp.) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) integrated into matriconditioning and nitrogen-phosphate (NP) fertilizer. The experiment was conducted in Situraja-District, Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia from November 2020 to April 2021. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot randomized complete block design replicated three times. The main plot was NP fertilizer level (0, 50, and 100% of recommended dose), and the sub-plot was seed invigoration (untreated, matriconditioning + Rhizobium KPB2 + Pseudomonas BPF9, and matriconditioning + Rhizobium KPB5 + Pseudomonas BPF9). Corncob biochar was used as the carrier in matriconditioning. The seed invigoration treatments using matriconditioning + Pseudomonas BPF9 + Rhizobium either KPB2 or KPB5 isolate significantly improved the plant growth (field emergence, plant height, leaf number, canopy diameter, and leaf chlorophyll content). Furthermore, when these invigoration treatments were accompanied by chicken manure 2 t.ha-1 significantly increased the leaf number without adding NP fertilizer.
Performance of Bambara Nuts (Vigna subterranean L. Verdc) as Influenced by Genotypes and Weed Control Treatments in the Sudan Savanna Ecology, Nigeria SHITTU, Emmanuel Abraham
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.195-205

Abstract

Global food security is threatened by population growth, climate change, and limited arable land. Bambara groundnut, an underutilized crop, faces challenges like low yields governed by weed competition and climate change stress. Given this, field trials were conducted to assess the performance of the Bambara nut as influenced by genotypes and weed control methods. The experiment comprised three genotypes of Bambara nut, “Yar Gombe”, “Duna Baki” and “Cream”, and eleven (11) weed control treatments, i.e. unweeded plots, hoe weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing; application of imazethapyr at 2.0 kg a.i.ha-1; imazethapyr at 1.5 + bentazone at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1; metolachlor at 2.0 kg a.i.ha-1; metolachlor at 1.5 + bentazone at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1; pendimethalin at 2.0 kg a.i.ha-1; pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1 + bentazone at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1; pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1 + supplementary hoe weeding; metolachlor at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1+ supplementary hoe weeding; imazethapyr at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1 + supplementary hoe weeding). The study was laid out in a split-plot design and replicated three times, with genotypes and weed control occupying the main and subplots. Findings revealed that plant height did not significantly differ due to genotypes, but “Duna Baki” had the widest canopy. Application of metolachlor at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1 + hoe weeding conducted at 6 weeks after sowing, resulting in noticeably taller plants. The application of metolachlor and + imazethapyr each at 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1 + hoe weeding at 6 weeks after sowing produced the widest canopy cover. “Duna Baki” had the highest seed yield, whereas the “Yar Gombe” and “Duna Baki” had the heaviest seed. The phytosociological analysis identified Amaranthus spinosus, Eleusine indica, Cynodon dactylon, and Leucas martinicensis as the four most common weeds based on their importance value index (IVI). Consequently, farmers in the study area should be advised to use metolachlor and pendimethalin each at 1.5 kg a.i to increase yield and efficiently manage weeds.
Participatory Evaluation and Promotion of Tef Production Technologies for Moisture Deficit Areas of Simada District in Amhara Region, Ethiopia Ferede, Misganaw; Abathun, Tamir; Awoke, Yihenew
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.246-253

Abstract

Tef (Eragrostis tef Zucc. Trotter) is a small cereal crop resilient to adverse climatic and soil conditions and possesses desirable storage properties. It provides high-quality food and grows under marginal conditions which are not unsuitable for other cereal crops. Although tef is a major cultivated crop in the Simada district, demonstration and adoption of improved tef varieties and agronomic practices are very limited. Therefore, the study was initiated to select and promote the higher grain yielding tef varieties with agronomic practices and create awareness to farmers and end users. The activity was conducted on six farmers’ fields in the Simada district in the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. Early maturing tef released varieties, namely “Hiber-1”, “Boset”, and “Tseday” (Cr-37), and local tef varieties were used for the study in a plot area of 10m by 10m for each variety across sites. Farmers and researchers selected the “Hiber-1” tef variety due to agronomic traits and grain yield performance. “Hiber-1” was ranked 1st by farmers in both the Vertisol and Nitisol areas. It showed 31%, 28.4%, and 25.1% grain yield advantage over “Boset”, “Tseday”, and the local varieties respectively. In addition, the rank correlation of farmers’ rank and grain yield rank of the varieties showed a strong positive correlation. Therefore, the “Hiber-1” tef variety should be scaled out in the Simada district and areas with similar agro-ecologies in Amhara Region and Ethiopia.
Assessment of Physio-Chemical Properties of Bahir Dar Textile Sludge and Its Impact on The Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa) and Soil Nutrient Improvement Degu, Adise; Shiferaw, Tesfaye; Feyisa, Tesfaye
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.25-36

Abstract

Textile produces large volumes of sludge due to industrial activity, and its disposal is a serious environmental concern because it includes toxic contaminants, including heavy metals. Due to its vast volume and mass, sludge management is seen as an additional burden to the industry. This study aims to characterize solid sludge from the textile industry. The sludge’s pH, organic matter (OM), nutrient elements (N, P, K), and metal content were determined using appropriate analytical techniques. Treatment consisted of 4×3 factorial combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus, i.e., full recommended (100 kg N and 50 kg P), half recommended (50 kg N and 25 kg P), control, and dried sludge at 0, 5, 10, and 20 tons per ha. The textile industrial sludge’s Cu, Cr, Fe, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations are 511.568, 251.166, 7991.667, 67.333, and 463.00, respectively. The Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn concentration levels exceeded the recommended upper limit for agricultural soil. Nonetheless, cadmium and lead are below WHO standards. Soil pH, % total nitrogen, % total organic content, and % organic matter increased after sludge application. Applying textile sludge to soil considerably raised the soil Cr, Fe, and Cu contents compared with the control, and lettuce growth increased from 75 g to 143.5 g per pot after applying 20 tons of sludge per ha. Therefore, textile sludge could be an alternative to organic fertilizer or soil conditioner if metals, especially Fe and Cr, are reduced by proper treatment strategies.
Promoting Sustainable Sorghum Production: The Role of Ratoon Cultivation and Fertilizer Management Mahpuzah, Marfiatun; Sopandie, Didy; Wirnas, Desta; Trikoesoemaningtyas
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.47-58

Abstract

This study investigated the biomass productivity of sorghum main crop, first ratoon, and second ratoon. A randomized complete block design was employed for the main crop experiment, with eight sorghum genotypes (NS2-19, NS2-102, NS2-109, NS2-111, NS2-140, IPB 4, IPB 8, and “Numbu”) as the treatment factor. The ratoon crop was designed using a Split Plots Design with two treatment factors and three replications. The first factor was fertilizer treatment on the ratoon crops, with two levels: complete N, P, and K fertilizer (urea 133 kg.ha-1, KCl 100 kg.ha-1, and SP-36 100 kg.ha-1) and N fertilizer only (urea 133 kg.ha-1); this factor was arranged as the main plot. The second factor comprised eight elite sorghum lines, the same as those used in the main crop experiment, arranged as subplots. The results indicated that complete NPK fertilization and N fertilizer alone produced similar biomass productivity in sorghum ratoon crops. Among the genotypes, NS2-140 demonstrated the highest biomass productivity in the main crop, NS2-109 in the first ratoon, and NS2-19 in the second ratoon. The second ratoon exhibited the highest biomass yield compared to the main crop and the first ratoon.

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