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Karakterisasi Pisang Hibrid Tetraploid âGRNKâ Hasil Persilangan Pisang Triploid âGorohoâ dengan Pisang Iiar Diploid Musa acuminata Colla var. nakaii Nasution Poerba, Yuyu S.; Martanti, Diyah; Handayani, Tri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe use of tetraploid banana in triploid banana breeding has been conducted through 4x x 2x crossing and/or its reciprocals, 2x x 4x crossing. However, the availability of tetraploid banana is naturally very limited, therefore artificially induced tetraploid banana is needed. The present research is aimed to generate tetraploid banana plants by crossing triploid banana âGorohoâ as female parent with wild diploid banana, Musa acuminata var. nakaii Nasution as male parent, and to characterize the tetraploid hybrid. 94 crossings were made by pollinating stigma of Pisang Goroho with polen of M. acuminata var. nakaii. Embrios resulted from hybridization were in vitro rescued and propagated. Hybrid plantlets were then acclimatized in the green house and seedlings were planted in the field for two cycles of banana reproduction. Ploidy identification, morphology and molecular characteristics were also conducted for two cycles of banana reproduction. Results of the experiment showed that 9 hybrid seeds were produced from 94 pollinations. However, only 2 hybrid embryos grew and developed into shoots and from two shoots only one shoot was survived. The one shoot were then in-vitro propagated to produce 21 hybrids planted in the field. After being evaluated for two plant reproductive cycles, all hybrid plants were tetraploids (2n=4x=44). The hybrid plants had drooping leaves, bigger fruit diameter compared to both parents, and blunt fruit tip. DNA (RAPD) profiles of tetraploid hybrid showed that 37.5% of the bands were from female parent, 37.5% from male parents, and 25% from both parents. The tetraploid hybrid âGRNKâ is expected to be useful in triploid banana breeding in the future.Key Words: Hybrid banana, tetraploid, Goroho, Musa acuminata Colla var. nakaii Nasution

ANALISA KESTABILAN GENETIK PISANG KEPOK âUNTI SAYANGâ HASIL MIKROPROGASI DENGAN MARKA RAPD DAN ISSR [Genetic Stability Analyses of Micropropagated Pisang Kepok âUnti Sayangâ by RAPD and ISSR Markers] Poerba, Yuyu Suryasari; Imelda, Maria; Martanti, Diyah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 11, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate the genetic stability of micropropagated plants of âPisang Kepok Unti Sayangâ at various stage of in vitro sub-cultures and in vivo plant material.All RAPD and ISSR profiles from micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to those of field grown control plants until stage tenth of sub cultures (V1S10). No variation was detected within the micropropagated plants, except for C12 (V1S44),G7 (V1S48 ), I11 and I12 (V1S10).RAPD and ISSR marker were both could be used to test the genetic stability of micropropagated bananas using the developed protocol.

ANALISA GENETIK PISANG HIBRID DIPLOID BERDASARKAN MARKA RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) [Genetic Analysis of Diploid Banana Hybrids Based on RAPD Markers] Martanti, Diyah; Poerba, Yuyu Suryasari; Herlina, Herlina
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 16, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Banana breeding by crosses is one way to get new cultivars with a better quality. This study aims to verify molecular characteristic of diploid hibrid bananas i.e MDRK, SNMT and MDMT using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Ten RAPD primers have been selected to detect the differences in molecular pattern from all three diploid hybrid bananas. The results showed that the hybrid combination of MDRK, SNMT and MDMT produced bands that shared some similarities with each parents by 43.83%, 51.25% and 47.21% respectively as the number of bands from type I, III and IV markers. Type III marker is the important marker for identification of male parents. Type VII marker (non-parent bands) was detected from hybrid MDRK, SNMT and MDMT by 18 (20.22%), 6 (7.5%) and 11 (12.64%) respectively. Marker of type VII can be used to identified hybrid because they are present only in offspring. The highest polymorphic bands was obtained by SNMT (83.9%) and the lowest obtained was performed by MDMT (71.25%). From this result, RAPD markers can be used as a tool to detect the differences of molecular pattern of diploid hybrid bananas.

PENGARUH MUTAGEN ETIL METAN SULFONAT (EMS) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KULTUR IN VITRO ILES-ILES {Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Poerba, Yuyu S; Leksonowati, Aryani; Martanti, Diyah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 4 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Amorphophallus muelleri Blume (Araceae) is one of 27 Amorphophallus species occur wild in Indonesia (Sumatera, Java, Floresand Timor). The species is valued for its glucoman content for use in food industry (heathy diet food), paper industry, pharmacyand cosmetics. The cultivation of A. muelleri is hampered by limited genetic quality of seed. The species is triploid (2n=3x=39),the seed is developed apomictically. and pollen production is low. The species is only propagated vegetatively. This may explainthat the species is difficult to breed conventionally and genetic variabillity in the exiting landaraces cultivars is rather limited.Induced mutation using ethyl methan sulfonate is one of techniques to increase genetic variation. The present research is aimed todetermine Lethal Dosage (LD) 50% and 75% of EMS and to study effects of EMS on growth of A, muelleri in vitro cultures for usein induced mutation program. Results of the experiment showed that LD-50 and LD-75 was observed at 0.875% EMS and 0.5%EMS. respectively. Number of shoot, and percentage of rooting culture were decreasing as EMS level concentration increases.

ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK KENTANG HITAM Yulita, Kusumadewi Sri; Ahmad, Fajarudin; Martanti, Diyah; Poerba, Yuyu S.; Herlina, Herlina
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 13, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v13i2.686

Kentang hitam [Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poiret) Sprengel] of family Lamiaceae is a minor root crop known only for people living in some parts of Java, Bali and Madura. It was rarely found in its natural habitat, thus it was assumed to have low level of genetic diversity. This present study aimed to assess genetic diversity of 63 accessions of kentang hitam from provenances of Java based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints. Ten primers of ISSR and RAPD were initially screened and eight were selected for the analysis. These eight primers (OPA13, OPB10, OPB13, OPD8, OPN14, UBC 807, 834 and 835) generated 61 bands with an average of 7.63 polymorphic fragment per primer. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 8.20% (UBC 807 and 834) to 16.39% (OPB 10) with an average of 12.50%polymorphism.Clustering analysis was performed based on ISSR and RAPD profiles using the neighbour joining method and Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCO). The range of genetic similarity among accessions was 51-100% to which most of the accessions were clustered with more than 80% similarity. This confirmed our hypothesis of the low level of variation existed among accessions.

INDUKSI MUTASI KULTUR IN VITRO Amorphophallus muelleri Blume DENGAN IRRADIASI GAMMA Poerba, Yuyu S; IMELDA, MARIA; WULANSARI, AIDA; MARTANTI, DIYAH
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 10 No. 3 (2009)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Amorphophallus muelleri Blume (Araceae) is valued for its glucoman content for use infood industry (heathy diet food), paper industry, pharmacy and cosmetics. The cultivationof A. muelleri is hampered by limited genetic quality of seed. The species is triploid(2n=3x=39), the seed is developed apomictically, and pollen production is low. Thespecies is only propagated vegetatively. This may explain that the species is difficultto breed conventionally and genetic variability in the existing landraces cultivars israther limited. Conservation of this species, therefore, is important for availability of thespecies in the future use of this plant. The objective of present research is to increasegenetic variation by induce mutation using gamma-rays irradiation of shoot culturesof A. muelleri and to identify DNA polymorphism induced by gamma irradiation usingrandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), so the mutants produced can be used forbreeding purposes and for conservation program. Results of the experiment showedthat gamma irradiation less than 5 gray was effective to induce mutation of A. muelleri.Four RAPD primers generated 35 scorable bands with 100% polymorphic bands. Sizeof the bands varied from 350bp to 2.0kbp. Clustering analysis was performed based onRAPD profiles using the UPGMA method. The range of genetic distance among individualgenotypes was from from 0.00 to 0.72, while genetic variance of the population was0.21 + 0.13. The eighteen genotypes were proof to be mutants. The mutants producedin this experiment could be used as new germplasms for breeding purposes as well asfor use in conservation strategy

KARAKTERISASI PISANG HIBRID TETRAPLOID â€˜GRNKâ€™ HASIL PERSILANGAN PISANG TRIPLOID â€˜GOROHOâ€™ DENGAN PISANG IIAR DIPLOID MUSA ACUMINATA COLLA VAR. NAKAII NASUTION Poerba, Yuyu S.; Martanti, Diyah; Handayani, Tri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v13i2.3393

ABSTRACTThe use of tetraploid banana in triploid banana breeding has been conducted through 4x x 2x crossing and/or its reciprocals, 2x x 4x crossing. However, the availability of tetraploid banana is naturally very limited, therefore artificially induced tetraploid banana is needed. The present research is aimed to generate tetraploid banana plants by crossing triploid banana ?Goroho? as female parent with wild diploid banana, Musa acuminata var. nakaii Nasution as male parent, and to characterize the tetraploid hybrid. 94 crossings were made by pollinating stigma of Pisang Goroho with polen of M. acuminata var. nakaii. Embrios resulted from hybridization were in vitro rescued and propagated. Hybrid plantlets were then acclimatized in the green house and seedlings were planted in the field for two cycles of banana reproduction. Ploidy identification, morphology and molecular characteristics were also conducted for two cycles of banana reproduction. Results of the experiment showed that 9 hybrid seeds were produced from 94 pollinations. However, only 2 hybrid embryos grew and developed into shoots and from two shoots only one shoot was survived. The one shoot were then in-vitro propagated to produce 21 hybrids planted in the field. After being evaluated for two plant reproductive cycles, all hybrid plants were tetraploids (2n=4x=44). The hybrid plants had drooping leaves, bigger fruit diameter compared to both parents, and blunt fruit tip. DNA (RAPD) profiles of tetraploid hybrid showed that 37.5% of the bands were from female parent, 37.5% from male parents, and 25% from both parents. The tetraploid hybrid ?GRNK? is expected to be useful in triploid banana breeding in the future.Key Words: Hybrid banana, tetraploid, Goroho, Musa acuminata Colla var. nakaii Nasution

Histological Analysis of Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Zygotic Embryo of Wild Banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis Handayani, Tri; Martanti, Diyah; Prawestri, Apriliana Dyah; Tihurua, Eka Fatmawati; Maharijaya, Awang; Wahyu, Yudiwanti; Sobir; Witjaksono
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.307-319

Somatic embryogenesis, a crucial plant regeneration method, has become indispensable for crop improvement, particularly for species reliant on somatic cell manipulation techniques. Optimization of this process necessitates an understanding of the developmental stages involved. This study investigates the histological aspects of somatic embryogenesis in Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis derived from immature zygotic embryos. Through detailed histological analysis, we aimed to elucidate the morphological changes and cellular organization occurring during the various stages of somatic embryogenesis, from induction, culture proliferation, and somatic embryo development to plantlet conversion. The initial stages of embryogenesis, characterized by nodules, were primarily composed of meristematic cells with high cell division activity. These cells contained tetrad-like structures that could develop into distinct two- and four-celled proembryoids or proembryogenic aggregates. Our histo-anatomical analysis revealed that embryogenic cultures proliferated through multiple pathways simultaneously: somatic embryo budding, proembryo formation, and pro-embryonic mass formation from both internal and peripheral cells. At the stage of somatic embryo development, embryos with a well-defined protoderm layer, containing cells with prominent nuclei and dense cytoplasm, potentially regenerate into plantlets. Furthermore, histological examination revealed the presence of procambium within mature somatic embryos, which subsequently developed into the vascular system of the complete plantlet

An Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryo of Wild Banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis Handayani, Tri; Martanti, Diyah; Prawestri, Apriliana Dyah; Maharijaya, Awang; Wahyu, Yudiwanti; Sobir; Witjaksono
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.01.172-184

Wild banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis, an ancestor of cultivated bananas, possesses valuable genetic diversity, including resistance genes to fusarium wilt, and demonstrates high environmental adaptability. These traits are important for pre-breeding programs, whether by conventional breeding, which is a lengthy process, or by taking advantage of somatic cell manipulation techniques such as somatic hybridization, which requires an efficient plant regeneration system like somatic embryogenesis. We have established an efficient and comprehensive protocol for somatic embryogenesis of this wild Musa using immature zygotic embryo explants covering culture induction and proliferation, somatic embryo development, and subsequent plant conversion. Embryogenic culture was induced on a complex-modified MS medium supplemented with 1 mg.L-1 2,4-D auxin or 5 mg.L-1 picloram. The embryogenic cultures proliferated in the form of granular or nodular structures, which was best obtained by reducing the picloram concentration to 1 mg.L-1 and combining it with the same concentration of 2,4-D at a half-strength macro-nutrient of basal medium. Embryo development from embryogenic cultures and regeneration into shoots. Proembryos as granular structures spontaneously matured into early-stage somatic embryos upon withdrawal of the strong auxin inducer. Increasing the sucrose and gelling agent concentrations in the growth medium improved somatic embryo formation from embryogenic cultures. The frequency of shoot formation from developed somatic embryos was increased by incorporating 0.5 mg.L-1 BA and 0.5 mg.L-1 GA3 into the regeneration medium.

Deteksi Awal Ketahanan Beberapa Aksesi Pisang Lokal dan Hasil Persilangan terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Foc VCG 01213/16 TR4) Handayani, Tri; Martanti, Diyah; S. Poerba, Yuyu; ,, Witjaksono
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2017): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

ABSTRACTEarly detection for Fusarium wilt resistant of banana plants can be done at seedling phase under greenhouse condition. The purpose of early detection was to screen and evaluate some number of local and hybrid accession of banana plants for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc VCG 01213/16 TR4 or Foc TR4). The treatments were done by immersing the root seedling in Fusarium inoculant at concentration of 106 conidia mL-1, for 2 hours, then planted in sterile sand media and placed in container with "double tray system". Experiments were performed using 15 accessions of banana i.e. 1 accession of wild musa (Musa acuminata var. malaccesis), 7 local accessions and 7 hybrid bananas. Based on greenhouse bioassay, banana Rejang#2 (AA) showed resistance to Foc TR4. The results were consistent in the field condition. Tetraploid plants for pisang Rejang#2 (AAAA) also showed resistant to Foc TR4. Cultivar Cavendish (AAA) and Madu (AA) showed highly susceptible; Ustrali (AAAB) and Goroho (AAA) showed susceptible to Foc TR4. Wild banana (Musa acuminata var. malaccensis) and Mas Jambe 4x (AAAA) showed moderate susceptible. Of the total 7 hybrids accession; 3 hybrids showed moderate susceptible, and 4 other hybrids showed susceptible to Foc TR4.Keywords: banana plants, early detection, Foc TR4, hybrid, local ABSTRAK Deteksi awal tingkat ketahananan tanaman pisang terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) dapat dilakukan pada masa pembibitan di rumah kaca. Penelitian bertujuan untuk evaluasi awal tingkat ketahanan beberapa aksesi pisang liar, pisang lokal dan pisang hasil persilangan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Akar bibit pisang pada air yang berisi inokulan Fusarium (Foc VCG 01213/16 atau Foc TR4) pada konsentrasi 106 konidia mL-1, selama 2 jam yang selanjutnya ditanam pada media pasir steril dan diletakkan pada kontainer dengan pengaturan “double tray system”. Lima belas aksesi pisang yang terdiri atas 1 aksesi pisang liar (Musa acuminata var. malaccensis), 7 aksesi pisang budidaya dan 7 nomor pisang hasil persilangan dievaluasi tingkat ketahanan terhadap Foc TR4. Dari hasil pengujian di rumah kaca, pisang Rejang#2 (AA) menunjukkan status tahan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium Foc VCG 01213/16 TR4 yang hasilnya sesuai dan stabil dengan tingkat ketahanannya di lapangan. Pisang Rejang#2 tetraploid (AAAA) juga menunjukkan status tahan terhadap Foc TR4. Pisang Madu (AA) dan Cavendish (AAA) menunjukkan hasil sangat rentan, sedangkan pisang Goroho (AAA) dan pisang Ustrali (AAAB) menunjukkan status rentan. Pisang liar Musa acuminata var. malaccensis (AA) dan pisang Mas Jambe 4x (AAAA) menunjukkan status agak rentan. Pada seleksi pisang hasil persilangan, didapatkan 3 nomor pisang hibrid dengan status agak rentan yakni 816 MDRK, 1060 MDRK, 2284 MMRK, sedangkan 4 nomor hibrid lainnya menunjukkan status rentan.Kata kunci: deteksi dini, Foc TR4, hibrid, lokal, pisang

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