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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 21 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science" : 21 Documents clear
Diagnostic Trials on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) for Developing Site-specific Nutrient Management Practices in the Lowlands of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Teshome, Habtemariam; Adissie, Samuel; Sisay, Kassa; Hailu, Tadesse
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.408-416

Abstract

Soil fertility heterogeneity significantly influences crop productivity and the effectiveness of nutrient management strategies. In Ethiopia, various types and sources of inorganic fertilizers are distributed to enhance crop production. Therefore, selecting appropriate fertilizers based on specific soil nutrient deficiencies is essential. A field experiment was conducted in Kobo using sorghum as the test crop to identify yield-limiting nutrients through crop response. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with farmers’ fields serving as replications. Biological yield data were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). When significant differences among treatments were detected, means were separated using the LSD test at P ≤ 0.05. Results showed that omitting nutrients from inorganic fertilizers, either individually or in combination, significantly reduced grain yield. The highest grain yield was achieved with the combined application of NPS (nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur) fertilizer and farmyard manure (FYM). In contrast, the lowest yield occurred in the control treatment, where all nutrients were omitted. Biomass yield did not differ significantly between treatments across both years. The study indicates that applying farmyard manure in combination with inorganic fertilizers, such as NPS, NPSK (NPS + potassium), and NPSKZn (NPSK + Zinc), effectively meets the nutrient requirements of sorghum. Grain yield under nutrient omission treatments ranked as follows: NPS + FYM > NPS > NPSK > NPSKZn > NP > NS > PS > N > S > P. Among the nutrients tested, farmyard manure had the greatest impact on yield, followed by nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus fertilizers.
Diversity of Sweet Corn Canopy Architecture for Intercropping Pattern Suitability with Cayenne Pepper Patandean, Brayen; Chozin, Muhamad Achmad; Ritonga, Arya Widura
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.314-326

Abstract

The intercropping system has become increasingly important due to the limited availability of agricultural land and the growing population. Sweet corn is one of the potential crops for intercropping; however, its compatibility with companion plants varies among genotypes. This study analyzed the canopy diversity of 10 sweet corn genotypes and their impact on temperature, humidity, and light intensity. The research was conducted at the Pasir Kuda Experimental Station, Bogor Agricultural University, from June to August 2024, using ten hybrid sweet corn genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each genotype was planted in plots measuring 3.75 m², with a 25 cm × 75 cm spacing, resulting in 30 plants per bed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical analysis identified three clusters of genotypes based on ten morphological traits. The first cluster included “Verona”, “Talenta”, “Paragon”, SM12 x SB13, “Exotic”, and “Secada”. The second cluster consisted of “Arinta”, SB8 x SM6, and SM12 x SM1, while the third cluster included SM1 x SM9. Temperature and humidity measurements revealed significant differences among clusters, influencing photosynthetic efficiency and yield potential. Denser canopies exhibited lower temperatures, higher humidity, and reduced light intensity, whereas more open canopies displayed higher temperatures, lower humidity, and increased light intensity. The study also analyzed cob weight, length, and diameter, as well as critical factors for yield potential and photosynthetic efficiency. Based on the results, genotypes with denser canopies from Cluster One (“Verona”, “Talenta”, “Paragon”, SM12 x SB13, “Exotic”, and “Secada”) are recommended for intercropping with cayenne peppers due to their favourable microclimate compatibility.
Effectiveness of Vermicompost Priming in Improving the Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds Permatasari, Dewi Rahmawati Intan; Ilyas, Satriyas; Qadir, Abdul
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.274-283

Abstract

Soybean seeds deteriorate rapidly, especially under humid tropics. An effective method for boosting seed germination is invigoration, which is applied as a pre-planting seed treatment to stimulate the metabolic activity in the seed. The research aimed to compare the effectiveness of vermicompost priming with other invigoration methods in improving the physiological quality of soybean seeds. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot, randomized design. The main plots were seed lots based on low, medium, and high germination of three soybean varieties (“Argomulyo”, “Detap 1”, and “Devon 1”). Subplot, invigoration method: control, matriconditioning with rice husk charcoal, a ratio of seed (g): rice husk charcoal (g): water (mL) 9:6:7 for 12 hours; osmoconditioning with 15% PEG 6000 solution, a ratio of seed (g): solution (mL) was 1:2 for 12 hours, and vermicompost priming with a ratio of seed (g): vermicompost (g): water (mL) 12:14:12 for 18 hours. Each experimental unit used 120 g of seeds. The invigoration treatment was conducted in a room with a temperature of 25 ± 2°C and a relative humidity (RH) of 65-70%. The results showed that invigoration treatment can be used on soybean seeds with moderate viability (germination rate of 70-79%). In “Argomulyo” and “Detap 1”, the seed physiological quality increased with vermicompost priming, and in “Devon 1”, it increased with matriconditioning. The enhanced physiological quality of soybean seeds may be attributed to the complete nutrient and phytohormone content in vermicompost.
Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to Enhance Biomass of Uncaria gambir (Gambier) in Ex Coal Mining Soil Hervani, Dini; Febjislami, Shalati; Armansyah, Armansyah; Kusumawati, Aries; Lopita, Septy; Rahmad, Rahmad
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.417-425

Abstract

Gambier cultivation faces limitations due to decreasing land availability; however, utilizing ex-coal mining land presents a promising alternative for sustainable expansion. Ex-coal mining land has the problem of low available nutrients because of bonded nutrients. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) can help release bound nutrients into available nutrients, so that on ex-coal mining land, there is an increase in the amount of available nutrients that can be absorbed by plants for their growth. The study aimed to determine the effect of different types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their doses on the biomass of gambier seedlings planted in ex-coal mining soil. An experimental design was employed using a randomized block design with two treatments: the types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Acaulospora sp., Glomus sp., and Gigaspora sp.) and the AMF dosages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g per seedling). All treatments were replicated three times. The parameters observed were soil chemical analysis, root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), shoot and root fresh and dry weights, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate. The results obtained showed that AMF type and dose treatment had a significant effect on all parameters, except for the relative growth rate, and there was no interaction between the two treatments. Glomus sp. at a dose of 20 g per seedling provided the best influence in increasing gambier seedlings' biomass under the ex-coal mine soil.
Evaluation of Maize Covered Smut (Ustilago maydis) Management Options in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Kassaw, Admasie; Desale, Tesfaye; Ayalew, Abebe; Abtie, Abate; Tiruneh, Abiye; Wudu, Eshete
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.388-397

Abstract

Maize, one of the most important cereal crops in the world, faces severe production constraints in Ethiopia due to covered smut disease. Field experiments were conducted at Sirinka and Cheffa during the 2022-2023 cropping seasons to evaluate management practices against maize covered smut. Seven treatments consist of five fungicides, cow urine, hot water, and untreated control, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found notable variations in disease intensity, maize grain yield, and yield components among the treatments. The application of proceed plus fungicide and the use of cow urine treatments were effective in reducing maize covered smut disease and higher yields of maize compared to other treatments and control plots. The combined analysis indicated that the highest maize grain yield (3120 and 2806 kg.ha-1) was recorded from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, and triadimefon fungicide-treated plots, followed by cow urine seed treatment (2649 kg.ha-1), while the lowest (1601 kg.ha-1) was recorded from untreated control plot. The highest net benefit (125310 ETB) was obtained from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, followed by Triadimefon (112986.8 ETB) and cow urine (107084.5 ETB) treated plots. Therefore, based on the partial economic analysis result, carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid fungicide and cow urine as a seed treatment are recommended for maize producers.
Foliar Application of Indole-3-Butyric Acid and Gibberellic Acid Alters Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus Carota L.) Cv. “Shidur” Afroze, Farjana; Akter, Ayasha; Hossain, Md. Mokter
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.296-302

Abstract

Carrots are a nutritious and well-accepted root crop in Bangladesh, but production is very low at the farmer's field level compared to the other producing countries. Therefore, this study was undertaken to improve the yield of carrots by using different plant growth regulators. To evaluate the influence of the foliar application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on the growth and yield of carrots, different concentrations viz., 0, 50, 100, 150 ppm of IBA and GA3 were sprayed at the vegetative stage of carrot production. Among all the treatments, 150 ppm GA3 shows better shoot growth with the highest plant height (56.80 cm), number of leaves (10.53), leaf length (56.81 cm), fresh weight of leaves (57.08 g), and dry matter content of leaves (10.95%). Foliar application of 150 ppm IBA significantly increased root traits, including root length (16.20 cm), diameter (3.92 cm), fresh weight per plant (98.45 g), and dry matter content (12.01%). Moreover, gross yield (36.80 tons per ha) and marketable yield (36.21 tons per ha) were the highest when IBA was applied at 150 ppm. Overall results revealed that 150 ppm IBA resulted in better growth and higher yield in carrot cv. “Shidur” compared to other treatments.
Application of Phosphorus and Determination of Heat Units to Increase Productivity and Isoflavone Content of Several Varieties of Edamame Soybeans Manullang, Nadya Inri; Melati, Maya; Ghulamahdi, Munif
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.335-345

Abstract

Edamame is rich in isoflavones, which offer notable health and beauty benefits. Phosphorus influences the biosynthesis of isoflavones in edamame, making this nutrient an important factor in crop management. Edamame soybeans are harvested at the R6 stage, when pods are fully developed yet still green, a timing that is critical for ensuring optimal quality. Harvest maturity is determined using accumulated heat units, a method that calculates the temperature differences at the planting site to assess crop readiness accurately. This study evaluated the effects of phosphorus fertilization and variety on edamame productivity and isoflavone content. The experiment was conducted at the IPB Experimental Station in Bogor, Indonesia (coordinates: -6.548927° S, 106.734462° E), using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was phosphorus fertilizer applied at rates of 0, 18, 36, and 54 kg P₂O₅ per hectare. In contrast, the second factor was edamame variety (“Biomax 1”, “Biomax 2”, and “Detam 2” as a check variety for isoflavone content). The results showed no significant interaction between phosphorus fertilization and variety for several growth parameters, including leaf phosphorus content, leaf number, branch number, relative growth rate, and pod weight per plant. However, significant differences among varieties were observed for leaf number and seed weight per plant. Phosphorus fertilization did not significantly affect branch number or pod weight, but it did influence isoflavone content, with different phosphorus doses increasing genistein accumulation in certain varieties. The study also highlighted the impact of temperature on plant growth, as evidenced by significant differences in accumulated crop heat units (CHU) among the varieties: “Biomax 1” required 2029.50–2050.75 °C days, “Biomax 2” required 2070.20–2132.25°C days, and “Detam 2” required 2218.85–2256.05°C days. The highest isoflavone content was recorded in “Biomax 2” with the application of 36 kg P₂O₅ per hectare. Overall, these findings underscore the complex relationship between soil conditions, nutrient availability, and varietal selection in determining edamame yield and quality. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing edamame production and enhancing its nutritional value.
The Effect of Shade and Harvest Age on Biomass and Patchouli Oil Production in the Lowlands Riti, Dominggus Ngongo; Kurniawati, Ani; Nurcholis, Waras
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.426-436

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of different shade levels and harvest ages on the growth, biomass yield, and essential oil production of the patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) cultivar Sidikalang, cultivated in a lowland environment. The experiment was conducted in Bogor from August 2023 to February 2024, using a nested design with three shade treatments (no shade, 55%, and 75%) and three harvest ages (4, 5, and 6 months). The results indicated that 75% shade significantly enhanced vegetative growth, including plant height, number of secondary branches, and leaf production, suggesting that this level of shading is beneficial for patchouli cultivation in lowland areas. However, these effects were not significantly different from those observed under 55% shade. The highest essential oil yields were obtained from patchouli plants grown under 75% shade and harvested at 4 months, as well as from those grown under full sunlight and harvested at 6 months.
Development of Rapid Viability Test Using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds Mubarak, Farahdina; Suhartanto, Mohamad Rahmad; Widajati, Eny
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.378-387

Abstract

Seed testing is important for determining seed quality. Seed testing must be easy, quick, and accurate. This study aimed to develop a rapid method for assessing peanut seed quality using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP). USAP is commonly used for detecting human urinary glucose and is currently being developed for evaluating seed quality. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 investigated the most effective seed-cutting size (whole, halved, and seeds cut into six pieces) and soaking periods (0, 3, 6, and 9 hours) based on glucose and protein leakage, as well as specific gravity of the soaking water. The optimal method identified in Experiment 1 was then used to test all five seed lots in USAP Experiment 2, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of seed quality testing using the USAP method at various levels of seed viability. Experiment 3 investigated the correlation between USAP test results and other viability and vigor test parameters, including germination percentage, first count germination, speed of germination, and electrical conductivity. The results of experiments indicated that cutting seeds into six pieces and 6 6-hour soaking period was the most optimal. Experiment 3 showed that USAP testing correlated with viability and vigor testing across various peanut varieties. Protein and density testing using USAP were negatively correlated with germination percentage, first count germination, and germination speed parameters, but positively correlated with electrical conductivity. However, glucose leakage was not detectable using USAP.
Exploring Post-Harvest Processing of Tropical Crops: Moringa oleifera and Zea mays as Alternative Ingredients for Gluten-Free Pasta Production Leal, Imelda; Garlit, Grace B.; Ramos, Lovelyn M.; Baldoz, Daniel J.
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.327-334

Abstract

This study examines the potential of Moringa oleifera (moringa) and Zea mays (corn), two tropical crops, as alternative ingredients for gluten-free pasta, with a focus on their post-harvest processing to enhance their utility in gluten-free pasta production. Moringa leaves were carefully dried and ground into a fine powder, preserving their nutritional content, and incorporated into the dough. Corn kernels were milled into flour and blended with moringa powder, resulting in a smooth texture and mild flavor. These postharvest processing methods ensure that both crops maintain their nutritional value, offering significant potential as gluten substitutes and improving the overall quality of gluten-free products. Sensory assessments were also performed to evaluate the acceptability of the pasta. Raw and cooked pasta samples were presented to 100 respondents from five barangays in Banaybanay, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Feedback was gathered on sensory characteristics, including taste, flavor, aroma, and appearance, providing valuable data on the market acceptability of these tropical crop-based, gluten-free pasta alternatives. The gluten-free pasta received high mean scores for all sensory attributes, indicating strong consumer acceptance. The product exhibits promising market potential in the gluten-free food sector, boasting exceptional ratings for taste, flavor, smell, color, and appearance, as well as a general acceptability score of 8.53. The findings highlight the importance of postharvest processing in maximizing the nutritional benefits of moringa and corn, showcasing their potential as sustainable, nutritious ingredients for gluten-free pasta. This recommendation is based on the exceptional nutritional value, safety, and ability to leverage the rich potential of tropical crops.

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