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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 320 Documents
 17   18   19   20   21 
The Effects of Application of Erythrina bruci Biomass and Inorganic Fertilizers On Wheat Productivity in Southwestern Ethiopia. Zelalem Addis Musse
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 02 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.02.139-143

Abstract

Soil fertility depletion is emerging as a serious challenge causing low crop yields and food insecurity in Ethiopia. An experiment was conducted in two cropping seasons 2016 to 2018 to investigate the effects of the application of Erythrina biomass and nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties and wheat yields in southwestern Ethiopia. Treatments were the recommended N and P fertilizers, 50% of the standard rate of Erythrina + 50% of the recommended N, 25% Erythrina + 75% N, 75% of the standard rate of Erythrina + 25% of the standard rate of N, 100% of the standard rate of Erythrina, and 50% of the standard rate of Erythrina, and without fertilizer as the control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of Erythrina and nitrogen fertilizer increased soil organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) compared to before fertilizer application or the control. Plots amended with 25% Erythrina + 75% of the recommended N provided the highest above ground biomass (8.98 t.ha-1) and grain yield (3.453 t.ha-1) and it was higher than the 100% chemical fertilizer treatment. Conversely, the lowest above ground biomass (5.44 t.ha-1) and grain yields (1.958 t.ha-1) were obtained from the control. Our study demonstrated that an integrated nutrient management which combines organic and chemical fertilizer can improve soil properties and increase wheat yield in the highlands of southwestern Ethiopia.
Agronomic Performance of IPB Maize Hybrids and Combining Ability of the Lines Suwarno, Punjung Medaraji; Qadir, Abdul; Wijaya, Aldi Kamal; Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 02 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.02.144-151

Abstract

Maize is a significant food crop consumed in numerous countries worldwide. Increasing the yield potential of maize can be achieved through the breeding of high-yielding hybrid varieties. The objectives of this study were to assess the performance of hybrid means and parent combining ability for grain yield and other agronomic traits using a line x tester mating design. The study took place at the Gunung Gede Experimental Station of IPB University, Bogor, from June to October 2022. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with a single genotype factor and three replications. Twenty-two hybrids were utilized as genetic materials, including 20 hybrid candidates and two check varieties. Six maize lines (H1, L26, Nei, P2B, and P42) were employed as line parents, while L15 and P10 were used as tester parents in the line x tester analysis. The neighbor-joining tree analysis indicated that the female parent has a significant influence on the agronomic and yield performance of the hybrids. Correlation analysis revealed that the yield is more strongly influenced by ear diameter rather than ear length, and it is more affected by the number of kernel rows than the number of kernels per row. Three selected hybrids with favorable traits were Nei x B1, L15 x L26, and L26 x P10. The parent L26 demonstrated relatively good general combining ability for yield and may be considered for future maize breeding program.
The Effects of Watering Volume and Topping on the Fruit Quality of Two Melon Varieties in a Substrate Hydroponic System Ajitama, Trio Fanny; Susila, Anas Dinnurohman; Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 02 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.02.165-174

Abstract

Melons are horticultural fruits with increasing demand and high economic value. In 2020, the export demand for melons was 388.98 tons, with key destinations including Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Malaysia, East Timor, and Singapore. However, quality degradation, such as fruit cracking, can negatively impact marketability. Dorais et al. (2004) identified several factors contributing to fruit splitting, including genetics, pruning time, water management (rain, high humidity, or intensive irrigation following drought), high temperatures, light, calcium content, and the strength of fruit cell walls. Effective and efficient cultivation practices are essential to mitigate these issues. This research aimed to determine the effect of watering volume and topping treatment on the growth and quality of two melon varieties in a substrate hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted from March 2021 to May 2021 in the greenhouse of the Leuwikopo IPB University Experimental Garden, located at an altitude of 218.79 meters above sea level. Two melon varieties were used: “Alisha” (V1) and “Glamour” (V2), with four replications for each treatment. The treatments were watering volume and topping. Watering consists of consistent watering volume of 250 ml per plant until harvest, variable watering volume according to the growth phase, i.e., 200 ml per plant, 300 ml per plant, and 350 ml per plant for phase, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The effects of the treatments on all agronomic traits and fruit quality were assessed. The results showed that topping did not significantly affect any of the agronomic traits or fruit quality. Maintaining a consistent watering volume of 250 ml per plant until harvest is beneficial for the growth and quality of melon varieties “Alisha” and “Glamour” in a substrate hydroponic system. Effective water management is crucial in melon cultivation to ensure high-quality fruit production and minimize issues such as fruit cracking. Future research could explore additional factors influencing melon quality and yield to further optimize cultivation practices.
Effects of Chitosan and 1-MCP on the Physical and Chemical Quality of Salak “Pondoh” (Salacca edulis REINW.) Fruits Susanti, Lea; Suketi, Ketty; Kurniawati, Ani; Setyadjit
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 01 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.01.39-48

Abstract

Salak, or snake fruit, is a tropical fruit with a short shelf life when stored at room temperatures. The fruit’s base, if injured or bruised, can serve as an entry point for microbes, leading to physical and chemical damage to the fruits. This research aims to determine if chitosan and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment can prolong the shelf life of salak “Pondoh”. The study tested two factors, chitosan (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) and 1-MCP concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 µL.L-1). The findings indicate that the application of chitosan and 1-MCP treatments did not significantly extend the shelf life of the fruits on the 15th day of observation. However, 1.0% chitosan combined with 1.5 µL.L-1 1-MCP and 1.5% chitosan combined with 0.5 µL.L-1 1-MCP proved effective in enhancing the fruit’s overall quality and maintained low ethylene production, high water content, and enhanced the organoleptic attributes including ease of peeling, fruit flesh color, texture, aroma, and taste.
Effects of Seed Rate on Seed Multiplication Ratio, Seed Quality And Yield of Malt Barley Seed Classes Under Irrigated Conditions in Northwest Amhara Wasie, Tilaye Anbes; Shibie, Belayneh
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 01 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.01.1-8

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to identify seed rate enhancing seed multiplication ratio, seed quality and yield on Ibone (174/03) malt barely variety performance in Koga district during 2019 and 2020 irrigation seasons. Three seed classes (breeder, pre-basic and basic seeds) and seed rates (40, 60, 80 and 100 kg.ha-1) were compared. The experimental design randomized complete block in factorial arrangement with three replications. Analysis of variance was showed that the interaction effect of seed class and seed rate was not significant (P>0.05) for the parameters of days to maturity, plant height, spike length, seed yield, seed multiplication ratio and thousand seed weight. The study result depicted that seed rate had brought significant effect on the seed yield and multiplication ratio of malt barely. Results indicated that lower seed rates gave better seed multiplication ratio in the districts. Increasing seed rate from 40 to 80 kg.ha-1 has increased seed yield from 3356.1 kg.ha-1 to 3696.8 kg ha-1 though seed yield difference between seed rates of 60 and 80 kg.ha-1 was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). Increasing seed rate from 40 to 60 kg.ha-1 has continuously improved seed yield from 3356.1 to 3592.1 kg.ha-1 in all seed class in the districts, but the difference was statistically non-significant. In conclusion, seed rates as low as 60 kg.ha-1 can be used at all seed classes to accelerate early generation seed multiplication within the fast track variety release program in Western Amhara Region.
Identification of Whitefly Species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Invaded Coconut Palms in Sri Lanka Madushani, Manawaduge Ayesha; Sirisena, Anura Indrajith
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 01 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.01.19-32

Abstract

The current whitefly invasion is becoming a growing threat to coconut palms in Sri Lanka and will severely influence coconut production in the country. To effectively manage this problem, it is crucial toidentify the specific species that have invaded the coconut palms in the country to accordingly provide appropriate solutions. The taxonomy of the whitefly is mainly based on the characters of the pupae. Thus, a field survey was conducted in 2023 to identify the key whitefly species that invaded the coconut palms and their host range in Sri Lanka. The colonies of infested whiteflies were collected from coconut palms in different coconut-growing areas of Sri Lanka, and the pupae were slide-mounted and identified up to species level using taxonomic keys. Further, diagnostic characters of each species and host range were documented. The whitefly species found on the coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) were identified as Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, Aleurodicus dispersus, and Aleurotrachelus atratus. A. atratus was discovered only from the C. nucifera. A. dispersus and A. rugioperculatus were reported from 5 and 24 host plant species including the coconut from 5 and 18 different families respectively.
Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes for Seed Yield in Northwestern Ethiopia Zeleke, Bantalem; Esimeal, Jemale; Amogne, Kindu; Mengie, Yitayal; Sendekie, Fentansh; Hailu, Abebe; Taye, Yasin
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 02 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.02.155-164

Abstract

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a self-pollinated diploid (2n=14) annual cool-season pulse crop. It is a major food legume with a valuable and cheap source of plant protein having essential amino acids that have high nutritional value for resource poorhouseholds. Biotic stress such as weed and insect pests and abiotic stresses like water logging, soil acidity, and low soil fertility are the major constraints to field pea production and productivity. Fourteen field pea genotypes, obtained from Holeta Agricultural Research Center, were evaluated in eight environments in Northwestern Ethiopia in the main production season (2018-2019) to identify stable and high-yielding field pea genotypes. The trial was laid out using a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Combined analysis of variance for seed yield revealed that genotype, environments, and genotype-by-environment interaction effects were significant (P < 0.05). The lowest hundred seed weight value (12.83 g) was manifested by the local check, while the highest value (20.73 g) was revealed by EH 07007-3 genotype from the overall mean of location. The highest mean grain yield of 2400 kg.ha-1 was obtained from the EH08003-2 genotype, while the lowest yield 1660 kg.ha-1 was obtained from EH 08041-3. The maximum grain yield of 4140 kg.ha-1 was recorded from Debark by EH 09015-3 genotype, while the minimum grain yield of 560 kg.ha-1 was revealed by EH 08041-3. The environments, GxE, and genotypes accounted for 74.8%, 16.3%, and 7.0% of the total sum squares, respectively, indicating that field pea seed yield was significantly affected by the changes in the environment, followed by GxE interaction and genotypic effect. The candidate genotype, EH08003-2, was the most stable genotype followed by EH 09068-2 and EH 08042-2 having an IPCA score closer to zero with a yield advantage of 26.3% and 36.4% over the standard and local checks, respectively. Considering the eight environments’ data and field performance evaluation during the variety verification trial, the National Variety Releasing Committee has approved the official release of EH08003-2 for kik seed utilization class with a vernacular name of Hasset for high potential areas of Northwestern Ethiopia and similar agro-ecologies.
Study of Germination and Seedling Growth of Piper guineense Ezenu, Vivian Njideka; Akinropo, Michael Seun; Sakpere, Ayobola Moninuola Abosede
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 01 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.01.74-81

Abstract

Natural regeneration of black pepper (Piper guineense Schumach and Thonn) through seeds is poor and cultivation by local farmers is very limited since it is usually collected from the wild. High demand has put a pressure on its population in our declining forests and a call for domestication of non-timber forest plant species is ongoing. This study identified germination requirements, germination characteristics and seedling growth of Piper guineense with a view to providing information on its propagation from seeds. There were two major pre-sowing treatments - Fresh or dry fruits or seeds. Germination and seedling growth parameters were measured for all treatments. Results showed that Piper guineense seeds undergo epigeal germination, the radicle developing into three-legged hairy rootlets. The highest percentage germination, germination rate and germination index were recorded in the treatment with fresh seeds planted in petri dish. The dry seeds and fruits recorded no germination even after 38 days of planting. For seedling growth, the developing leaves have a higher sink strength between the fourth and fifth month of development and this stage may be crucial to the growth of the seedling. Piper guineense seeds must be sown fresh for germination to take place.
Performance of Convergent Breeding Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines in the Lowlands Firmansah, Habibi; Wahyu, Yudiwanti; Nur, Amin
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 01 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.01.9-18

Abstract

The development of tropical wheat in Indonesia is currently confined to the availability of wheat’s optimal environments in the highlands. Wheat competes with major highland crops, such as vegetables, which also have high economic values. Despite this, the demand for wheat in Indonesia remains high, whether in the form of wheat flour, wheat meal, or oats. Wheat breeders are actively working to create various crossbreeds so that wheat can adapt and perform effectively in lowland areas. The convergent breeding method is one of the strategies employed to produce genotypes with superior performance. Convergent breeding enhances genetic diversity by incorporating superior traits from all parent plants. The breeding results expedite the emergence of genetic combinations between selected parents. This method involves combining several parent varieties with various traits, with the hope that their offspring will inherit all the characteristics of the crossed parents. Our study with wheat convergent breeding has reached the F6 generation, and in this current study we evaluated the performance of each observed trait in different environments, with the goal of determining the levels of homogeneity and homozygosity. The study utilized a randomized complete block design with three replications, and the crops were planted in various locations. The planting locations selected were those that are >1000 m above sea level (asl), and at a lowland of ± 250 m asl. Wheat performance based on stomatal characteristics showed a reduction in the lowland, which indicates a response to climatic conditions in a particular environment. The higher the environmental temperatures, the smaller the stomatal size, which reduces plant water loss. Noteworthy findings include the tallest plant in CBF-6. CAMN23(265), the highest number of tillers in CBF-6. CAMN233 and CBF-6.CAMN8(4), the largest flag leaf area in CBF-7.CAMN60, and the highest 100-seed weight, as well as overall yield in CBF-7.CAMN119. An analysis of the lowland sensitivity index identified ten moderate genotypes that could potentially adapt well and achieve optimal yields.
Modeling of Climate Change Prediction and its Impact on the Tea Production in Sylhet District, Bangladesh Begum, Nipa; Alam, Masud; Mazumde, Md. Shah Jahan; Mim, Monira Rahman; Monshi, Mahadi Hasan
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 02 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.02.105-119

Abstract

Climate change, one of the most pressing issues, poses the greatest threat to human existence on our planet ever understanding the underlying structure, function and forecasting the future behavior has become considerable apparatus in numerous applications like metrological phenomena and production pattern of any observations. This study was conducted to model and forecast micro climatic variables in Sylhet district. The weather data for humidity, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, light duration, wind speed and monthly rainfall for the period 2005 to 2017 in Moulvibazar and Sylhet was collected for this study. Using Box-Jekins methodology, seasonal ARIMA model has been applied and models have also been verified. The best models were selected mainly based on AIC criterion. The best fitted SARIMA models for in Moulvibazar for humidity, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, light duration, wind speed and rainfall are ARIMA(1,0,1)(2,1,0)[12], ARIMA(1,0,0)(2,0,0)[12], ARIMA(2,0,1)(2,1,0)[12], ARIMA(1,1,1)(1,0,0)[12], ARIMA(4,0,1)(2,1,0)[12] and ARIMA(2,0,3)(1,1,2)[12] and in Sylhet ARIMA(0,0,1)(1,1,0)[12], ARIMA(0,0,0)(2,0,0)[12], ARIMA(0,0,0)(2,0,0)[12], ARIMA(0,1,2(2,0,0)[12], ARIMA(3,0,1)(1,0,0)[12] and ARIMA(1,0,0)(2,1,1) [12], respectively. This model can help to predict the climatic condition earlier, which could enhance the estimation of tea production in the next preceding years.

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