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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 320 Documents
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Economic Viability and Ecological Outcomes of Organic Horticulture: Evidence from Highland Farming Communities in Bali, Indonesia Sukanteri, Ni Putu; Joshi, Ravindra Chandra; Yuniti, I Gusti Ayu Diah; Kamarudin, Ahmad Syazni
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.212-226

Abstract

Organic horticulture is an essential component of sustainable agriculture, offering agronomic, ecological, economic, and social benefits. This study investigates the economic viability and ecological outcomes of organic horticultural practices among highland farming communities in Bali, Indonesia. Utilizing a case study of certified organic farmer groups, data were collected via interviews, field observations, and secondary sources. Analysis included market trends, cost-benefit ratios, productivity, and environmental indicators. Findings show that organic horticulture enhances soil fertility with compost and manure, and manages pests through crop rotation, intercropping, and plant derived pesticides. Economically, organic horticulture is highly profitable, with a benefit-cost (B/C) ratio of 14.18, driven by strong consumer demand for pesticide-free produce in urban and tourist markets. Environmentally, organic farming reduces chemical contamination, boosts soil organic matter, and strengthens agroecosystem resilience. Socially, it promotes cooperative farming, knowledge sharing, and community engagement. Challenges include higher input costs, complex certification processes, and limited access to organic farming technology. This research’s novelty is its integrative assessment of agronomic productivity, environmental sustainability, and economic feasibility in a unique tropical context, offering a holistic sustainability model. Findings contribute to organic agribusiness theory, sustainable development, and resilient food system policymaking.
Effects of Chicken Manure Dose and Application Timing on the Productivity and Microbiological Safety of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Undari, Desti; Melati, Maya; Kurniawati, Ani
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.227-240

Abstract

Organic lettuce is widely regarded as a healthier alternative because it is free of chemical contaminants. Chicken manure is commonly used as an organic fertilizer because of its high nutrient content, which is readily available to plants. However, applying manure poses a risk of pathogenic bacterial contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different chicken manure doses and application times, as well as their interactions, on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) productivity and microbiological safety. The experiment was conducted from March to May 2023 in Cianjur, West Java, using a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Treatments included a control and two factors: (1) manure dose (10, 20, and 30 t/ha), and (2) application times (1, 2, and 3 weeks before transplanting). Microbiological analysis of harvested lettuce leaves was performed in the laboratory to assess contamination levels of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. Manure doses significantly influenced all growth and yield parameters but had no significant effect on quality variables, including flavonoid, nitrate, and total chlorophyll content. Application times showed no significant effect on any measured parameter. The interaction between dose and time was also not statistically significant for most variables. The highest productivity and marketable yield were observed at the 30 t/ha dose. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any samples; however, E. coli and Shigella spp. were present in all samples at levels exceeding the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for food safety. In addition to the required dose of chicken manure, to minimize microbial contamination, fully decomposed manure is recommended for application, as it can be applied to land shortly before planting. The use of microbial-free water for washing vegetables is recommended, including in further research.
Improved Performance of SiDREB2-SNAP Marker in Foxtail Millet by Optimum Primer Concentration, PCR Cycle, and DNA Polymerase Specificity Wospakrik, Andrean Heskiel; Rizqullah, Ramadaniarto; Pahlevi, M Reza; Yudiansyah, Yudiansyah; Purwoko, Bambang Sapta; Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi; ARDIE, Sintho Wahyuning
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.103-113

Abstract

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) is an emerging carbohydrate-producing crop. It is considered a climate-resilient crop due to its tolerance to abiotic stresses. Breeding for abiotic-tolerant crops requires powerful tools such as molecular markers. The single-nucleotide amplified polymorphism (SNAP) marker, developed from a single-nucleotide DNA variation at a specific location in the plant genome, is a simple yet powerful PCR-based marker widely used in phenotype-related selection. A SiDREB2-based SNAP marker was previously developed based on a base variation at the 558th base pair (an A/G transition) in the SiDREB2 gene and used to estimate the drought tolerance in foxtail millet. However, the specificity of the marker depends on technical aspects, including the type of DNA polymerase used, primer concentration, and the number of PCR cycles. Here, we reported that non-specific and false positive amplicons can be eliminated by utilizing DNA polymerase with no 3’ to 5’ proofreading activity and reducing the final primer concentration to 1.25 μM. PCR cycle number 25 yielded the optimum specificity, while increasing the cycle to 30 resulted in false positive results. Altogether, our results showed that technical optimization is necessary for improving the specificity of the SNAP marker.
Coffee (Coffea spp.) Production Systems, Postharvest Innovations, and Quantitative and Agroecological Dynamics in the Davao Region, Philippines Bautista, Cheryll L.; Valdez, Gemma M.; Erespe, Marites S.; Bastida, Garry L.; Magallones, Maria Odessa G.; Campo, Ruel G.; Pantoja, Felicitas B.; Nemenzo-Calica, Phoebe
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.174-186

Abstract

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is a globally significant tropical plantation crop, and the Davao Region in the Philippines is one of the country’s most dynamic production zones, thanks to its favorable volcanic soils, diverse microclimates, and evolving value chain ecosystems. With an estimated 15,821.68 ha under cultivation, the region supports all major Coffea species. Coffea arabica thrives above 1,000 m asl in highland zones such as Balutakay, Maragusan, and upland Davao City; Robusta dominates lower elevations, while Liberica and Excelsa occupy smaller areas as complementary tropical crop components. Agroecological sustainability is promoted through shade-based agroforestry systems that enhance biodiversity, soil fertility, and climate resilience. Postharvest innovations such as natural, honey, and micro-lot fermentation, alongside the expansion of community-based roasting facilities, have enabled specialty-grade production and improved access to premium domestic and international markets. Emerging trends presented at the Davao Regional Coffee Expo (DRCE) 2025 include the increased adoption of climate-resilient genetic varieties artificial intelligence-based plantation monitoring, gender-inclusive entrepreneurship, and youth participation in value-added roles such as roasting, cupping, and barista craftsmanship. However, persistent constraints, including aging plantations, low productivity, limited seedling supply, postharvest infrastructure gaps, market dependency on intermediaries, and inconsistent institutional support, continue to limit the sector’s tropical crop competitiveness. This status report consolidates insights on production systems, agroecological management, postharvest innovations, and socio-economic challenges to provide a strategic outlook for strengthening coffee as a sustainable tropical plantation crop within the Davao Region and similar highland environments in Southeast Asia.
Purple Cleome (Cleome rutidosperma) Growth, Yield, and Total Flavonoid Under Different Media Compositions and Harvesting Frequencies Dardiri, Dardiri; Aziz, Sandra Arifin; Melati , Maya
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.160-173

Abstract

Purple cleome (Cleome rutidosperma) is a medicinal plant known for its flavonoid content, which confers multiple pharmacological benefits. However, cultivation methods to optimize both biomass production and bioactive compound accumulation remain underdeveloped. This study aimed to assess the influence of planting media composition and harvesting frequency on the growth, yield, and total flavonoid concentration of purple cleome. The experiment was conducted in Gunung Batu, Bogor, Indonesia, from January to April 2025, employing a two-factor randomized block design. The first factor was planting media composition, with four treatments: 100% soil (0) and soil mixed with cow manure at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (v/v). The second factor was harvesting frequency, with two levels: A single harvest at 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and two harvests at 4 and 8 WAP. Results indicated that all tested media compositions supported plant growth effectively. Notably, total flavonoid concentration was significantly higher at 4 WAP compared to 8 WAP. Moreover, cumulative flavonoid yield from two harvests was significantly greater, reaching 5,639.80 mg quercetin equivalents (QUE) per plant dry weight, compared to 1,456.50 mg QUE per plant from a single harvest. These findings suggest that harvesting at multiple intervals enhances flavonoid yield in purple cleome cultivation.
Water and Crop Management Technologies: Physiological Response and Yield of Biofortified Rice Guntoro, Dwi; Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning; Diaguna, Ridwan; Hapsari, Dhika Prita; Sholiha, Nabila Fairuz; Putri, Prabawati Hyunita; Wahyudi, Wahyudi; Mursyalatiyus, Isnainy Dinul; Novianti, Shilfa; Purwandani, Junia Anindya; Anggraeni, Ratih Prajnaparamita; Rahardjo, Budi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.241-253

Abstract

Biofortified rice has emerged as one of the most promising strategies to enhance the micronutrient content of staple crops, offering a practical pathway to reduce stunting and improve nutritional security. In response to the challenges posed by climate change, water scarcity, and the need for more efficient production systems, this study examined the effects of water- and crop- management technologies on the physiological performance and yield of biofortified rice. A factorial randomized complete block design compared continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation with two crop management systems: conventional and a new technology. The AWD system enhanced photosynthesis without significantly affecting transpiration or stomatal conductance, indicating improved carbon assimilation and more efficient water use. Both AWD and the new technology individually increased dry grain yield per clump, while their combination produced heavier grains, higher productivity, greater 1000-grain weight, and improved water-use efficiency compared with other treatments. Although yield differences were not statistically significant, the consistent upward trends indicate synergistic potential when nutrient management is optimized. Overall, integrating AWD irrigation with new technology crop management can enhance resource efficiency in biofortified rice cultivation while maintaining yield stability under water- limited conditions.
Effects of Gibberellin and Melatonin Foliar Sprays on Basil Chemical Composition and Volatile Oil Yield under Water Stress Khazal, Hala Faisal; Hanshal, Majid Ali
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.288-299

Abstract

This study investigated the potential of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) and melatonin (MT) to mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Conducted in 2022 at the University of Baghdad, Iraq, the experiment employed a split-plot design within a completely randomized block design. Three irrigation intervals (3, 5, and 7 days) were assigned to the main plots, while subplots received a factorial combination of the plant growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA3; 0, 100, and 200 mg/L) and melatonin (0, 20, and 40 mg/L). Results indicated that moderate water stress with a 5-day irrigation interval significantly enhanced leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient content, total phenolic content, and volatile oil yield compared with the 3-day and 7-day irrigation intervals. The application of 200 mg/L GA3 and 40 mg/L melatonin consistently yielded the highest values for all physiological and chemical parameters. Significant double- and triple-interactions suggest that the synergistic application of GA3 and melatonin effectively improved basil secondary metabolism under water-limited conditions. These findings highlight a strategic approach for optimizing essential oil production in arid environments.
Using Bioremediation to Reduce Groundwater Salinity Rashid, Rawaa Hamid Abdul; Ghazal, Kareem A.
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.278-287

Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of microorganisms in reducing groundwater salinity and to identify the most effective organisms. A laboratory experiment was performed using a completely randomised block design with a factorial arrangement, with four treatments and three replicates, yielding 12 experimental units for the biological treatment of groundwater. This experiment included the sequential addition of microorganisms (control, Providencia rettgeri, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Rhizoctonia solani) to groundwater with a salinity of 13108 µS/cm, with continuous monitoring of changes in EC, pH, and other water chemical properties. Providencia rettgeri achieved the highest temperature on June 26th, reaching 29.0 °C, whereas the control treatment recorded a lower temperature on the same date. Meanwhile, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens outperformed the control, achieving the highest nitrogen content in the treated water at 1499 mg/L, compared with the control at 1372 mg/L. Rhizoctonia solani excelled by recording the lowest electrical conductivity and pH for the treated water on 6/25, at 11607 ds/cm and 6.73, respectively, compared to the control treatment, which recorded the opposite in both characteristics.
Effect of Herbicides and Azotobacter chroococcum Bacteria on Soil Bacterial Growth, Growth, and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) M. Abd, Zainab; Hasan, Alaa E.
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.254-267

Abstract

To obtain high yield, herbicides are applied to food crops, including maize. It is important to adopt sustainable agricultural practices to enhance soil fertility by bacterial inoculation. Two experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Iraq, to investigate the effects of glyphosate and 2,4 D herbicides on soil bacterial activity, growth, and maize (Zea mays L.) yield. A laboratory experiment, using a completely randomized design, evaluated the response of Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis to varying herbicide concentrations. Bacterial populations were quantified after 24 hr of incubation to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration within the nutrient medium. Subsequently, a f ield experiment was conducted in a sandy loam soil during the 2024–2025 autumn season using a randomized complete block design; the factors included bacterial inoculation and herbicide application at three rates: half, full (recommended), and double the recommended dose. Results indicated that high concentrations of glyphosate and 2,4-D significantly reduced total bacterial counts to 3.50 × 10⁶ CFU/g dry soil. Conversely, inoculation with A. chroococcum increased the population to 18.83 × 10⁶ CFU/g, with the interaction between A. chroococcum and the recommended glyphosate dose achieving the highest density of 37.00 × 10⁶ CFU/g. Regarding plant physiology, inoculation increased total chlorophyll content from 1.33 to 1.68 mg/g and leaf area from 415.34 to 879.71 cm2 per plant. Leaf nutrient concentrations also improved significantly; nitrogen rose from 1.18% to 2.08%, phosphorus from 0.17% to 0.23%, and potassium from 1.26% to 1.50%. These improvements were reflected in vegetative growth and productivity; the dry weight of the vegetative system increased from 199.25 g in uninoculated controls to 278.36 g in the full-recommended glyphosate treatment with inoculation. Total grain yield ranged from 12.31 to 16.29 t/ha, with A. chroococcum inoculation alone reaching a mean yield of 15.57 t/ha.
Biopesticide Potential of Laurus nobilis and Inula viscosa Essential Oils for the Management of Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta) Tchouar, Siham; Gaouar Benyelles, Nassira; Tabti, Leila; Morsli, El Mehdi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.268-277

Abstract

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, is one of the most destructive tomato pests worldwide. The use of chemical pesticides can improve yield and fruit quality; however, it poses serious risks to human health and the environment. Consequently, research efforts are increasingly focusing on sustainable, eco-friendly pest management strategies, including the use of essential oils as biopesticides. This study evaluates the insecticidal activity of Laurus nobilis and Inula viscosa essential oils against the four larval instars of T. absoluta. Essential oils were assessed using a contact toxicity assay, with each dose tested across all larval instars and compared with an untreated control. Lethal doses (LD50 and LD90) were estimated using Probit regression analysis. The bioassays showed that both essential oils exhibited significant larvicidal activity with dose- and stage-dependent mortality. Early larval instars required lower doses to achieve 50% and 90% mortality (10, 20, and 30 µl for I. viscosa; 3, 5, and 10 µl for L. nobilis), whereas later instars were more tolerant and required higher doses. Complete mortality of all four larval instars was obtained at 100 µl of I. viscosa and 30 µl of L. nobilis. Overall, these findings demonstrate the larvicidal potential of these essential oils and support their use as biopesticides within integrated pest management programs in agriculture. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the larvicidal activity of the essential oils from I. viscosa and L. nobilis against T. absoluta in Algeria.

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