Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Article Per Year (5 Year)

All

JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI

ksa
Website

Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : 14108917 EISSN : 25979914 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 796 Documents

31 32 33 34 35

Studi Pendahuluan tentang Enkapsulasi Vitamin C dalam Liposom Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Dwi Hudiyanti; Desita Triana; Parsaoran Siahaan
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 20, No 1 (2017): Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2017
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari enkapsulasi vitamin C dalam liposom kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.). Efisiensi enkapsulasi liposom kelapa diperoleh sebesar 80,76%. Penambahan kolesterol pada membran liposom mempengaruhi besarnya efisiensi enkapsulasi. Penambahan kolesterol sebesar 30% meningkatkan efisiensi enkapsulasi menjadi sebesar 92,71%. Suhu mempengaruhi kemampuan liposom kelapa untuk menyimpan vitamin C dalam 8 hari. Penyimpanan pada suhu 5°C menurunkan kebocoran liposom kelapa.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari enkapsulasi vitamin C dalam liposom kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.). Efisiensi enkapsulasi liposom kelapa diperoleh sebesar 80,76%. Penambahan kolesterol pada membran liposom mempengaruhi besarnya efisiensi enkapsulasi. Penambahan kolesterol sebesar 30% meningkatkan efisiensi enkapsulasi menjadi sebesar 92,71%. Suhu mempengaruhi kemampuan liposom kelapa untuk menyimpan vitamin C dalam 8 hari. Penyimpanan pada suhu 5°C menurunkan kebocoran liposom kelapa.

Utilization of Montmorillonite-Modified Earthenware from Bentonite-Ca as a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Membrane Based on Tempe Liquid Waste as a Substrate Sudarlin Sudarlin; Andika Wahyu Afrianto; Melly Khoerunnisa; Dhea Wiegya Rahmadhani; Anggit Nugroho
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 23, No 6 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 6 Year 2020
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Modifications of the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) membrane need to be carried out to increase its electric potential energy. This research aims to determine the effect of montmorillonite from bentonite-Ca as a composite in modified earthenware (GT), which is then used as a membrane of the MFC-based on tempe wastewater as substrate. The results obtained were compared to MFC that used pure earthenware membrane (GM). The ratio of bentonite-Ca and clay in GT was 50:50, while GM used 100% of clay. Characterizations of GT dan GM were performed using FTIR, XRD, and SAA. MFC testing was carried out for 24 hours, where every 2 hours, measurements of potential difference (V), current (A), and power density (W/cm2) were carried out. FTIR and XRD data showed an increase in montmorillonite content in GT, while SAA data showed a decrease in pore volume in GT. The decrease in pore volume GT occurs due to an increase in the number of trivalent cations (Al3+, Fe3+) and bivalent (Mg2+). These cations help transfer protons from the anode to the cathode, which causes a decrease in the potential difference and an increase in the current strength and the MFC-GT power density. The average difference between the decrease in potential difference from MFC-GM to MFC-GT is 0.043 V, while the increase in current is 0.022 mA, and the increase in power density is 0.163 mW/cm2.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Enzim Xilanase dari Bacillus Subtilis pada Media Nutrient Broth dengan Penambahan Xilan Hasil Isolasi Jerami Padi Yanidya Tanjihah Ardiansyah; Nies Suci Mulyani; Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 17, No 3 (2014): Volume 17 Issue 3 Year 2014
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Jerami padi merupakan limbah lignoselulosa yang mengandung xilan. Xilan pada jerami padi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbon, substrat dan inducer pada media pertumbuhan Bacillus subtilis untuk menghasilkan xilanase yang memiliki kemampuan menghidrolisis xilan menjadi xilosa atau xilooligosakarida. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan beberapa tahap, yaitu isolasi xilan dari jerami padi, penentuan kurva pertumbuhan Bacillus subtilis, produksi xilanase, pemurnian xilanase dengan fraksinasi bertingkat amonium sulfat dan dialisis. Pengujian aktivitas xilanase dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DNS, sedangkan kadar protein diuji dengan menggunakan metode Lowry. Aktivitas spesifik xilanase dihitung berdasarkan unit aktivitas xilanase per mg protein. Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi pada fraksi dengan aktivitas spesifik tertinggi meliputi suhu, pH dan waktu inkubasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas spesifik tertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi F2 yaitu sebesar 5,178 Unit/mg protein. Kondisi optimum xilanase yang diperoleh dari hasil karakterisasi yaitu pada suhu 40°C, pH 8, waktu inkubasi 30 menit dan aktivitas spesifik fraksi F2 pada kondisi optimum sebesar 6,088 Unit/mg protein.

Koagulasi Pewarna Indigo Karmina (Disodium-3,3â€™-dioxo-2,2â€™-bi-indolylidene-5,5â€™-disulfonat) dengan Metode Elektrolisis Menggunakan Anoda Seng Darmawan, Adi; Suhartana, Suhartana; Kristinawati, Leny
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 9, No 1 (2006): Volume 9 Issue 1 Year 2006
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Zat warna indigo karmina merupakan salah satu senyawa organik yang digunakan dalam proses pewarnaan tekstil. Zat warna ini menghasilkan limbah cair yang mengakibatkan pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan. Sementara seng sisa juga mudah ditemukan.Â Elektrolisis merupakan suatu metode yang digunakan untuk memanfaatkan kembali kedua limbah tersebut. Logam seng dimanfaatkan sebagai elektroda untuk mendekolorisasi pewarna indigo karmina. Elektrolisis dilakukan selama 7 menit dan tegangan eksternal 6 Volt dengan variasi pH dan temperatur. Hasil elektrolisis dianalisis dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis.Â Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa elektrodekolorisasi dipengaruhi oleh pH dan temperatur. Elektrodekolorisasi pewarna indigo karmina efektif dilakukan pada pH asam yaitu 4 dengan persen dekolorisasi 94,52% dan pada temperatur 70oC dengan persen dekolorisasi 98,09 %.

Synthesis of Zeolite from Bagasse and Rice Husk Ashes as Surfactant Builder on Detergency Process: Variation of NaOH Concentration for Silica Isolation Arnelli Arnelli; Bara Yunianto Fathoni; Teguh Iman Prastyo; Ahmad Suseno; Yayuk Astuti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 21, No 3 (2018): Volume 21 Issue 3 Year 2018
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Zeolite was successfully synthesised from ash bagasse and from rice husk ash as source of silica and applied to surfactant builder. The removal of silica from bagasse ash and from rice husk ash was influenced by NaOH concentration to obtain sodium silicate. This research aimed to synthesize zeolite, determine the optimum concentration of NaOH to synthetic zeolite, identify the zeolite mineral type, morphology, determine cation exchange rate and detergency by using synthesized zeolite as builder. Synthesis of zeolite was undertaken by sol-gel method followed by hydrothermal process. The stages of this study included the production of bagasse and rice husk ashes, isolation of silicate using a variation of NaOH concentration of 1.67, 3.33, 5.00, 6.67 and 8.30 M in the form of sodium silicate. Synthesis of zeolite was carried out by reacting sodium silicate and sodium aluminate using hydrothermal method. The synthesized zeolites were characterized using XRD and SEM. The results of this research indicated the types of zeolite minerals formed, namely, zeolite A, Na-A, Na-Y and sodalite. The morphology of the synthesized zeolites from both samples was quite homogeneous, NaOH concentration used to produce zeolite from bagasse ash was 1.67 M with value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and detergency were respectively 121.14 mek/100 gram and 92.09% while synthesis zeolite from rice husk ash was generated using 8.3 M NaOH concentration with value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and detergency were 65,71 mek / 100 gram and 94,313%, respectively.

Pengelolaan Alat Bahan dan Laboratorium Kimia Raharjo Raharjo
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 20, No 2 (2017): Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2017
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Pemahaman tentang pengelolaan laboratorium sangat penting untuk dimiliki oleh pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan laboratorium, baik secara langsung maupun tidak.Laboratorium harus dikelola dan di manfaatkan dengan baik, karena Laboratorium kimia merupakan salah satu jenis laboratorium yang dianggap cukup berbahaya dalam rangka pelaksanaan pendidikan, penelitian, dan/atau pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Menyadari tugas, wewenang dan fungsinya Pranata Laboratorium akan mendapatkan efisiensi kerja yang maksimal. Mengelola Laboratorium dengan baik, adalah menjadi tujuan utama, sehingga semua pekerjaan yang dilakukan dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Selain itu sesama Pranata Laboratorium harus ada kerjasama yang baik, dan selalu berkomunikasi dengan Pranata Laboratorium yang lain, sehingga setiap kesulitan dapat dipecahkan/diselesaikan bersama. Pranata laboratorium yang memiliki kemampuan dan keterampilan yang baik harus dapat ditingkatkan kualitasnya, dapat diperoleh melalui pendidikan tambahan sebagai pendidikan keterampilan khusus, penataran (workshop) maupun magang dan sebagainya.Sehingga diharapkan semua Pranata Laboratorium dapat berperan secara aktif dan bertanggung jawab atas semua kegiatan operasional di laboratoriumnya.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Testing of Imina Derivative Compounds from Piperonal and Anilin Dimas Syamsudin; Ismiyarto Ismiyarto; Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 21, No 1 (2018): Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2018
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Synthesis of Imine derivates used as antibacterial activity has been done. Synthesis was conducted by condensation reaction between piperonal and aniline. The product synthesis was characterized by melting point, LC-MS, FTIR and 1H-NMR, then application of the product as antibacterial towards bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The product of synthesis was pale-brown solid, and had melting point at 56-61 0C. Identification by LC-MS showed the compound molecular weight was 225.30 gram/mol, identification by FTIR showed a compound contained imine C=N at 1620.21 cm-1, C-H aromatic at 1581.63 cm-1, Csp3-H at 2962.37 cm-1 from CH2, and C-O at 1265.30 cm-1, Identification by 1H-NMR showed a compound had a singlet peak at δ=6 ppm that proton was from the CH2, multiplet peak at δ=6.9-7.7 ppm proton from two aromatics and singlet peak at δ=8.4 ppm from proton imine. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the product towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 1 mg/mL with diameter inhibition zone 2 mm and 3 mm. From these data it could be concluded that the compound 3,4- methlenedioxybenzilyimine was formed and it had ability as an antibacterial agent.

Isolasi dan Penentuan Aktivias Spesifik Enzim Bromelin dari Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) Wuryanti, Wuryanti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 7, No 3 (2004): Volume 7 Issue 3 Year 2004
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Bromelin merupakan enzim proteolitik yang terdapat pada tanaman nanas (Ananas comosus L).Telah dilakukan isolasi dan penentuan aktivitas spesifik enzim bromelin dari buah nanas.Pada penelitian ini bromelin diisolasi dengan metoda ekstraksi, lalu ditentukan aktivitas unit dengan substrat kasein dan penentuan kadar protein dengan metoda Lowry menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil isolasi merupakan ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin dengan aktivitas spesifik 0,521 U/mg.

Interlayer-free Membran Silika Pektin untuk Pervaporasi Air Rawa Asin Erdina Lulu Atika Rampun; Muthia Elma; Isna Syauqiah; Meilana Dharma Putra; Aulia Rahma; Amalia Enggar Pratiwi
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 22, No 3 (2019): Volume 22 Issue 3 Year 2019
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Wetland in South Kalimantan is one of surface water sources to provide clean water. However, seawater intrusion has spread into the wetland aquifer and reduce the quality of water. Silica-pectin membrane is a promising technology for desalination. The membranes were tested for desalination by pervaporation at room temperature (~25 °C). During pervaporation process, the water contacts to membrane and the separation is started to occurs as vapour phase by maintaining vacuum pressure (~1 bar). The permeate was collected in the cold trap after condensed using nitrogen liquid. The purpose of this research was to investigate the performance of interlayer-free silica pectin membrane for wetland saline water. Experimental results shows the fluxes of membrane are 0.35 and 0.19 kg.m-2 h-1 ( pectin 0%wt); 0.23 and 0.16 kg.m-2 h-1 (pectin 0.1%wt); 0.58 and 3.63 kg.m-2 h-1 (pectin 0.5%wt); 3.40 and 0.12 kg.m-2 h-1 (pectin 2.5%wt) calcined at 300 and 400 °C, respectively. Natural organic matter (NOM) and salt concentration in wetland saline water can reduce the fluxes up to (~98%). Nevertheless, overall salt rejection of membranes achieved >99%. It was found that low calcination gives better performance at high pectin concentration. While pectin concentration was limited at high calcination.

Sintesis Arang Aktif dari Tempurung Kelapa dan Aplikasinya Untuk Adsorpsi Asap Cair Feti Dwi Kurniati; Pardoyo Pardoyo; Suhartana Suhartana
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 14, No 3 (2011): Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2011
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Sintesis arang aktif menggunakan bahan dasar tempurung kelapa telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa, menggunakan arang aktif untuk mengadsorpsi asap cair serta menentukan kondisi adsorpsi optimum berdasarkan warna, bau dan kuantitas senyawa fenolat dan asam. Aktivasi arang tempurung kelapa dilakukan menggunakan asam phospat dan natrium klorida dengan waktu perendaman 24 jam. Karakterisasi gugus fungsi dilakukan menggunakan FTIR. Adsorpsi asap cair dilakukan dengan waktu kontak 7, 30 dan 60 menit. Analisis senyawa penyusun asap cair dilakukan menggunakan GC-MS. Kadar total fenol dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan metode Follin Ciocalteau, sedangkan analisis kadar total asam menggunakan metode titrimetrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif mampu mengadsorpsi warna, bau dan menurunkan jumlah senyawa fenolat dan asam. Dan hasil terbaik untuk adsorpsi asap cair diperoleh dari arang aktif 3F (arang aktif yang diaktivasi oleh H3PO4 dengan adsorpsi selama 60 menit). Asap cair setelah adsorpsi berwarna jernih dan mempunyai bau yang tidak menyengat. Analisis gugus fungsi menunjukkan adanya gugus hidroksil dan karboksil. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan kehilangan sejumlah senyawa pada asap cair setelah diadsorpsi. Senyawa-senyawa yang hilang umumnya didominasi oleh senyawa fenolat dan asam. Penurunan tertinggi terhadap senyawa fenolat sebesar 76,6% dan penurunan tertinggi terhadap asam sebesar 58,2%.

Page 33 of 80 | Total Record : 796

31 32 33 34 35

Filter by Year

1998 2025

Filter By Issues

All Issue Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025 Vol 28, No 7 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 7 Year 2025 Vol 28, No 6 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 6 Year 2025 Vol 28, No 5 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 5 Year 2025 Vol 28, No 4 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 4 Year 2025 Vol 28, No 3 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 3 Year 2025 Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 2 Year 2025 Vol 28, No 1 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2025 Vol 27, No 12 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 12 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 11 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 11 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 10 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 10 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 9 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 9 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 8 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 8 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 7 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 7 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 6 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 6 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 5 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 5 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 4 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 4 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 3 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 3 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 2 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 2 Year 2024 Vol 27, No 1 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 1 Year 2024 Vol 26, No 12 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 12 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 11 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 11 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 10 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 10 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 9 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 9 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 8 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 8 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 7 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 7 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 6 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 6 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 5 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 5 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 4 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 4 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 3 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 3 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 2 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 2 Year 2023 Vol 26, No 1 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 1 Year 2023 Vol 25, No 12 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 12 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 11 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 11 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 10 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 10 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 9 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 9 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 8 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 8 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 7 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 7 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 6 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 6 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 5 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 5 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 4 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 4 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 3 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 3 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 2 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 2 Year 2022 Vol 25, No 1 (2022): Volume 25 Issue 1 Year 2022 Vol 24, No 7 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 7 Year 2021 Vol 24, No 6 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 6 Year 2021 Vol 24, No 5 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 5 Year 2021 Vol 24, No 4 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 4 Year 2021 Vol 24, No 3 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 3 Year 2021 Vol 24, No 2 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 2 Year 2021 Vol 24, No 1 (2021): Volume 24 Issue 1 Year 2021 Vol 23, No 12 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 12 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 11 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 11 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 10 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 10 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 9 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 9 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 8 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 8 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 7 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 7 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 6 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 6 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 5 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 5 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 4 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 4 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 3 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 3 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 2 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 2 Year 2020 Vol 23, No 1 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 1 Year 2020 Vol 22, No 6 (2019): Volume 22 Issue 6 Year 2019 Vol 22, No 5 (2019): Volume 22 Issue 5 Year 2019 Vol 22, No 4 (2019): Volume 22 Issue 4 Year 2019 Vol 22, No 3 (2019): Volume 22 Issue 3 Year 2019 Vol 22, No 2 (2019): Volume 22 Issue 2 Year 2019 Vol 22, No 1 (2019): volume 22 Issue 1 Year 2019 Vol 21, No 4 (2018): volume 21 Issue 4 Year 2018 Vol 21, No 3 (2018): Volume 21 Issue 3 Year 2018 Vol 21, No 2 (2018): Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2018 Vol 21, No 1 (2018): Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2018 Vol 20, No 3 (2017): Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2017 Vol 20, No 2 (2017): Volume 20 Issue 2 Year 2017 Vol 20, No 1 (2017): Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2017 Vol 19, No 3 (2016): Volume 19 Issue 3 Year 2016 Vol 19, No 2 (2016): Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2016 Vol 19, No 1 (2016): Volume 19 Issue 1 Year 2016 Vol 18, No 3 (2015): Volume 18 Issue 3 Year 2015 Vol 18, No 2 (2015): Volume 18 Issue 2 Year 2015 Vol 18, No 1 (2015): Volume 18 Issue 1 Year 2015 Vol 17, No 3 (2014): Volume 17 Issue 3 Year 2014 Vol 17, No 2 (2014): Volume 17 Issue 2 Year 2014 Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Volume 17 Issue 1 Year 2014 Vol 16, No 3 (2013): Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2013 Vol 16, No 2 (2013): Volume 16 Issue 2 Year 2013 Vol 16, No 1 (2013): Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2013 Vol 15, No 3 (2012): Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2012 Vol 15, No 2 (2012): Volume 15 Issue 2 Year 2012 Vol 15, No 1 (2012): Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2012 Vol 14, No 3 (2011): Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2011 Vol 14, No 2 (2011): Volume 14 Issue 2 Year 2011 Vol 14, No 1 (2011): Volume 14 issue 1 Year 2011 Vol 13, No 3 (2010): Volume 13 Issue 3 Year 2010 Vol 13, No 2 (2010): Volume 13 Issue 2 Year 2010 Vol 13, No 1 (2010): Volume 13 Issue 1 Year 2010 Vol 12, No 3 (2009): Volume 12 Issue 3 Year 2009 Vol 12, No 2 (2009): Volume 12 Issue 2 Year 2009 Vol 12, No 1 (2009): Volume 12 Issue 1 Year 2009 Vol 11, No 3 (2008): Volume 11 Issue 3 Year 2008 Vol 11, No 2 (2008): Volume 11 Issue 2 Year 2008 Vol 11, No 1 (2008): Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2008 Vol 10, No 3 (2007): Volume 10 Issue 3 Year 2007 Vol 10, No 2 (2007): Volume 10 Issue 2 Year 2007 Vol 10, No 1 (2007): Volume 10 Issue 1 Year 2007 Vol 9, No 3 (2006): Volume 9 Issue 3 Year 2006 Vol 9, No 2 (2006): Volume 9 Issue 2 Year 2006 Vol 9, No 1 (2006): Volume 9 Issue 1 Year 2006 Vol 8, No 3 (2005): Volume 8 Issue 3 Year 2005 Vol 8, No 2 (2005): Volume 8 Issue 2 Year 2005 Vol 8, No 1 (2005): Volume 8 Issue 1 Year 2005 Vol 7, No 3 (2004): Volume 7 Issue 3 Year 2004 Vol 7, No 2 (2004): Volume 7 Issue 2 Year 2004 Vol 7, No 1 (2004): Volume 7 Issue 1 Year 2004 Vol 6, No 3 (2003): Volume 6 Issue 3 Year 2003 Vol 6, No 2 (2003): Volume 6 Issue 2 Year 2003 Vol 6, No 1 (2003): Volume 6 Issue 1 Year 2003 Vol 5, No 3 (2002): Volume 5 Issue 3 Year 2002 Vol 5, No 2 (2002): Volume 5 Issue 2 Year 2002 Vol 5, No 1 (2002): Volume 5 Issue 1 Year 2002 Vol 3, No 3 (2000): Volume 3 Issue 3 Year 2000 Vol 3, No 2 (2000): Volume 3 Issue 2 Year 2000 Vol 3, No 1 (2000): Volume 3 Issue 1 Year 2000 Vol 2, No 4 (1999): Volume 2 Issue 4 Year 1999 Vol 2, No 3 (1999): Volume 2 Issue 3 Year 1999 Vol 2, No 2 (1999): Volume 2 Issue 2 Year 1999 Vol 2, No 1 (1999): Volume 2 Issue 1 Year 1999 Vol 1, No 1 (1998): Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 1998 More Issue

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Adi Darmawan

Contact Email
adidarmawan@live.undip.ac.id

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
jksa@live.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Adi Darmawan

Contact Email adidarmawan@live.undip.ac.id

Phone -

Journal Mail Official jksa@live.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address -

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Adi Darmawan

Contact Email
adidarmawan@live.undip.ac.id

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
jksa@live.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA