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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
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Articles 13 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)" : 13 Documents clear
The Association of Epidemiological and Clinical Parameters with Diabetes and Hypertension in a Rural Area: A Mahbubnagar District Study Mavatkar, Munnaji Vyankatesh; Kanaparthi, Kiran Prakash; Sadamalla, Aruna Devi; Syed, Arif Mahboob; Vaia, Yamini Anjaneya Rao
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (32.219 KB) | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.02

Abstract

Background: Rapid development in a country like India has also brought an explosion in the prevalence of non-communicable disease. Affluence to western culture can be one of the reason. This might have encroached the rural India. A cross‑sectional survey was done to assess the socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory factors diabetes and hypertension among the study population.Subjects dan Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A sample of 244 diabetes and hypertensive patients registered under the subcentre were taken as study subjects. Sociodemographic factor, clinical parameters and Laboratory parameters were taken independent variables. The dependent variables were diabetes and hypertension. Data analysis was done with help of SPSS version 26 software. Standard instruments were used to measure, weight, height, and waist circumference (WC), blood pressure. The random blood sugar, HbA1C and lipid profile values were taken from laboratory reports. The other variables were collected by questionnaire.Results: A total of 244 participants reported and responded to this study who were having diabetes, hypertension or both. About 35% of the population belonged to lower SEC. Amongst males almost 50% of the male had dual co-morbidity i.e Diabetes and Hypertension. About 85% of the population was Illiterate (p<0.05). Mean value of HbA1C was high among the diabetic patient who were under treatment (Mean= 7.10; SD=1.20). Lipid profile value were in normal range but higher compared to stats of other selected states.Conclusion: Study subjects even on treatment were unable to keep the laboratory parameters under control hence requiring indepth research. Keywords: Diabetes, hypertension, risk factors, Mahbubnagar District. Correspondence:Munnaji Vyankatesh Mavatkar. Assistant Professor Department of Community Medicine Government Medical College Mahbubnagar. Department of Community Medicine Government Medical College Mahbubnagar Yedira 509001. Email: Kiranmavatkar0647@gmail.com. Mobile phone: 08999712782.
The Association of Epidemiological and Clinical Parameters with Diabetes and Hypertension in a Rural Area: A Mahbubnagar District Study Mavatkar, Munnaji Vyankatesh; Kanaparthi, Kiran Prakash; Sadamalla, Aruna Devi; Syed, Arif Mahboob; Vaia, Yamini Anjaneya Rao
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.02

Abstract

Background: Rapid development in a country like India has also brought an explosion in the prevalence of non-communicable disease. Affluence to western culture can be one of the reason. This might have encroached the rural India. A cross‑sectional survey was done to assess the socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory factors diabetes and hypertension among the study population.Subjects dan Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A sample of 244 diabetes and hypertensive patients registered under the subcentre were taken as study subjects. Sociodemographic factor, clinical parameters and Laboratory parameters were taken independent variables. The dependent variables were diabetes and hypertension. Data analysis was done with help of SPSS version 26 software. Standard instruments were used to measure, weight, height, and waist circumference (WC), blood pressure. The random blood sugar, HbA1C and lipid profile values were taken from laboratory reports. The other variables were collected by questionnaire.Results: A total of 244 participants reported and responded to this study who were having diabetes, hypertension or both. About 35% of the population belonged to lower SEC. Amongst males almost 50% of the male had dual co-morbidity i.e Diabetes and Hypertension. About 85% of the population was Illiterate (p<0.05). Mean value of HbA1C was high among the diabetic patient who were under treatment (Mean= 7.10; SD=1.20). Lipid profile value were in normal range but higher compared to stats of other selected states.Conclusion: Study subjects even on treatment were unable to keep the laboratory parameters under control hence requiring indepth research. Keywords: Diabetes, hypertension, risk factors, Mahbubnagar District. Correspondence:Munnaji Vyankatesh Mavatkar. Assistant Professor Department of Community Medicine Government Medical College Mahbubnagar. Department of Community Medicine Government Medical College Mahbubnagar Yedira 509001. Email: Kiranmavatkar0647@gmail.com. Mobile phone: 08999712782.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding COVID-19 among Undergraduate Students of A Medical College in District Anantnag, Kashmir Mukhtar, Mohsina; Rasool, Mahbooba; Nabi, Shahnaz; Masoodi, Muneer Ahmad; Nazir, Suhail
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.05

Abstract

Background: The control measures implemented against COVID-19 infection are affected largely in turn by the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. The medical undergraduates being most active users of social media could have a huge impact over spread as well as control of this pandemic. So in order to evaluate their understanding of COVID-19. This study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practices associated with COVID-19 among the undergraduate medical students.Subjects dan Method: A cross sectional study using an online survey was conducted among the medical students of Government Medical College, District Anantnag, J&K. All the medical students enrolled in this medical college were included in the study. Universal sampling was followed and a total of 183 medical students were included in the study. Data was collected by using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire through online survey form. The dependent variables were Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding COVID-19. The independent variables were demographic characteristics like age, gender, residence etc. Frequencies were obtained using descriptive statistics using appropriate statistical tool for analysis.Results: A total of 183 medical students participated in this study. All the subjects knew about corona virus and their main source of information was social media (n=131; 71.4%). About 95.6% knew about mode of transmission, and 91.2% knew about all major symptoms of corona virus infection. Most of the participants felt that COIVD-19 is a serious (n=137; 74.9%) disease and that lockdown is helping in reducing the number of cases (n=157; 85.8%). Our study also showed that 86.9% wash their hands regularly, 90.2% wear a face mask to avoid transmission, and 89.1% followed the lockdown guidelines.Conclusion: The present study showed that these medical students seem to have satisfactory knowledge, positive attitude and good practices regarding COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, knowledge, attitude, practice, medical students, Anantnag Correspondence:Suhail Nazir. Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. India. Email: suhailbhat669@gmail.com.
Effect of ACE Inhibitor Therapy on Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension: Meta-Analysis Zainal, Dwi Trisnawati
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.06

Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can trigger the occurrence of respiratory infectious disease Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients who have comorbid health problems such as hypertension, chronic liver, cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus are more likely to experience deterioration and death. ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with hypertension has a therapeutic effect in lowering blood pressure and is able to reduce mortality rates in COVID-19 patients, but the benefits of ACE inhibitors in patients with COVID-19 are still uncertain. This study aims to determine how much influence ACE inhibitors have on COVID-19 patients with hypertension on mortality rates.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Intervention: administration of ACE inhibitor therapy. Comparison: therapy other than ACE inhibitors. Outcome: mortality. The articles used in this study were obtained from several online databases, including Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were: “ACE inhibitor” AND “COVID-19” AND “Hypertension” AND “mortality”. The articles included are full-text English with a cohort study design from 2020 to 2021 and report the odds ratio in multivariate analysis. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flow chart. The articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4. application.Results: A total of 4 cohort studies involving 4,998 COVID-19 patients from America, China and Italy were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected yielded information that COVID-19 patients with hypertension who were given ACE inhibitors reduced the risk of mortality 0.67 times compared to COVID-19 patients with hypertension who were not treated with ACE inhibitors (aOR= 0.67; 95% CI= 0.36 to 1.26; p= 0.210).Conclusion: ACE inhibitors can reduce the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Keywords: COVID-19, hypertension, ACE inhibitors, mortality. Correspondence:Dwi Trisnawati Zainal. Social Security Administrator for Health, Madiun, East Java. Jl. Timor 6 Madiun, East Java, Indonesia. Email: dwitrisnawatiz@gmail.com. Mobile: 081331282009.
Meta-Analysis Correlations between Hypertension, Smoking, and Severity Risk of COVID-19 Larsiani, Lisa Safaah Novia; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.04

Abstract

Background: Based on the reported cases, 16.9% of COVID-19 patients were accompanied by comorbidities. Hypertension and smoking are suspected to be one of the pathological determinants that play a role in clinical predictors that are predicted to cause a worsening of the patient's condition during the treatment period. This study aimed to examine correlations between hypertension, smoking, and severity risk of COVID-19.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Article searches through journal databases include: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar. articles used in 2020-2022. The PICOs in this study were, Population: COVID-19 patients, Intervention: hypertension and smoking Comparation: not hypertension and not smoking, Outcome: severity of COVID-19. The keywords in this study were “hypertention” OR “high blood pressure” AND “severe COVID-19” OR “severty COVID-19” OR “patient COVID-19 outcome” “cigarette” OR “smoking” OR “current smoker” OR former smoker” AND “severe COVID-19” OR “severty COVID-19” OR “patient COVID-19 outcome” Inclusion criteria were articles used in full paper articles with a cohort design, relationship size used with aOR, intervention given the association of hypertension and smoking on the severity of COVID-19. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application.Results: A meta-analysis of 12 cohort articles originating from Asia, America, Africa, Europe, concluded that COVID-19 treatment patients with hypertension had higher severity 1.82 times compared to those without hypertension (aOR= 1.82; 95% CI= 1.18 to 2.79; p=0.006). Likewise, COVID-19 treatment patients with smoking habit had higher severity than those who do not smoke (aOR= 0.62; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.65; p=0.520).Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with hypertension have an increased risk of severity. COVID-19 patients with smoking lower risk of severity. Keywords: Severe COVID-19, hypertention, cigarette. Correspondence:Lisa Safaah Novia Larsiani. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl.Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nl.lisasafaah@gmail.com Mobile: 089536503803.
The Effect of Acupuncture Therapy on Blood Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Blood Pressure Disorders and Coughs in Elderly Health Post, Surakarta Sumanto, Sumanto; Ningtyas, Listina Ade Widya
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.03

Abstract

Background: One way to detect functional disorders of respiration, heart, blood vessels, and muscle oxidative mechanisms is to check blood gas saturation using a pulse oximeter, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acupuncture is one of the management of health problems at the promotive level, preventing functional disorders of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and oxidative muscle rehabilitative which is used to improve health status, especially those who experience changes in blood gas saturation due to chronic cough, hypertension, hypotension, and muscle fatigue. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of acupuncture therapy on peripheral blood oxygen saturation (peripheral SpO2) in patients with a history of respiratory system disorders and blood pressure disorders, especially old age at the Surakarta Health Post.Subjects dan Method: The form of the research was pre-experimental (quasi-experimental), using two groups of pre-test and post-test purposive samples totaling 20 people. Dependent variable Oxygen saturation. The independent variable was acupuncture therapy. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon's test.Results: Peripheral blood oxygen saturation values were higher in the intervention group before the intervention (Mean= 83.00; SD= 11.59) than after the intervention (Mean= 82.00; SD= 7.53) and not statistically significant (p= 0.294).Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy reduces blood gas saturation values in patients with blood pressure and cough disorders. Keywords: acupuncture therapy, peripheral blood gas saturation, pulse oximeter, history of cough, blood pressure disorders. Correspondence:Listina Ade Widya Ningtyas. Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta. Jl. Letjend Sutoyo Mojosongo, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: ade.widya23@gmail.com. Mobile: 085647300048
The Benefits of Acupuncture Combined with a Low Purine Diet to Improve Uric Acid and Total Cholesterol in Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hyperuricemia Sumanto, Sumanto; Haryanto, Joko Tri; Kusumawati, Heni Nur
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.01

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus with hyperuricemia causes the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the synovial joint tissue. The incidence of gout in Indonesia according to the Indonesian Rheumatology Association, namely: gout 1-2 percent of adults, is the most cases of arthritis in men and is estimated to be between 13.6 per 1,000 men and 6.4 per 1,000 women. The prevalence of gout increased with age, an average of 7 percent of men >75 years and 3 percent of women >85 years.Subjects dan Method: Quasi-Experimental with pre and post-test designs. The research time is between March to September 2021 at the Posyandu for the elderly in Surakarta City. The population of this study were all objects with fasting blood sugar levels between 100 mg/dl - 125 mg/dl and above 126 mg/dl, female blood uric acid levels exceeding 5.6 mg/dl in men and exceeding 6.5 in the city. Surakarta, sample selection using purposive sampling, sample size 40 subjects. The dependent variable is uric acid, cholesterol and total blood levels, the independent variable is combination acupuncture therapy with a low purine diet. The research instrument used a checklist for blood analysis and physical examination. Data analysis using t-test.Results: Uric acid levels after acupuncture therapy in the intervention group were lower (Mean= 3.31; SD= 0.61) than the control group (Mean= 5.83; SD= 1.29), and not statistically significant (p= 0.935). Total cholesterol level after acupuncture therapy in the intervention group was lower (Mean= 166.00; SD= 34.20) than the control group (Mean= 222.30; SD= 55.43), but it was statistically non-significant (p= 0.676).Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy can reduce uric acid levels and total cholesterol levels. Keywords: Acupuncture, low purine diet, uric acid level, cholesterol level Correspondence:Sumanto. College Leading Basic Research, Acupuncture Course, Health Polyetchnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta. Jl. Letjend Sutoyo Mojosongo, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: sumantoiman@gmail.com. Mobile phone: 08121608067.
Workplace Noise Pollution and It's Correlation with Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis Salsabila, Muna Maimunah; Murti, Bhisma; Sumardiyono, Sumardiyono
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.07

Abstract

Background: Noise is identified as one of the most widespread physical factors in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is a problem in all regions of the world. Noise can be pathogenic if there is continuous and repeated exposure causing a persistent upregulation of vascular autoregulation resulting in hypertension. Epidemiological studies report an association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension. This study aims to determine the effect of noise exposure in the workplace on hypertension.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, Population= workers, Intervention= occupational noise exposure ≥85 dBA, Comparison= occupational noise exposure <85 dBA, Outcome= hypertension. The meta-analysis was carried out using search articles from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, published from 2012 to 2022. The keywords used in the article search were “Occupational Noise Exposure” OR “Occupational Noise” AND “Hypertension” OR "High Blood Pressure" OR "Primary Hypertension" AND "Workers" AND "Cross-Sectional Study". The included studies were full-text articles published in English, reporting the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of the results of the multivariate analysis, and the study design was cross-sectional. The selection of articles was carried out using PRISMA flow-charts and analyzed using the Revie Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 10 cross-sectional studies were analyzed involving 12,437 workers covering Iran, Jordan, China, Indonesia, Tunisia, and Brazil. The results of the meta-analysis showed that workers exposed to noise 85 dBA had higher hypertension than workers exposed to noise <85 dBA (aOR= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.68 to 2.29; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Exposure to occupational noise ≥ 85 dBA increases hypertension compared to exposure to occupational noise <85 dBA. Keywords: occupational noise, noise exposure, hypertension, meta-analysis Correspondence:Muna Maimunah Salsabila. Masters’ Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: munamaimunahs@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285728565926.
The Effectiveness of Wearing Mask and Physical Distancing in Preventing the COVID-19 Transmission Widyawardani, Tri Nyantosani; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.08

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The increase in the number of cases was rapid, and spread to various countries in a short time. Based on epidemiological and virological studies, it has been proven that COVID-19 is transmitted from symptomatic (symptomatic) people to other people who are in close proximity through droplets and aerosols. The application of health protocols is very effective in preventing transmission. Wearing masks, keeping a distance and washing hands are very important in preventing the spread of COVID-19.Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis using the PICO model. The population is the general public (adults over 18 years), the intervention is to wear masks properly and keep a distance. The comparison is not wearing a mask properly and not keeping a distance. The outcome is prevention of the spread of COVID-19. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The keywords to search for articles were “mask” AND “covid transmission” “physical distancing” AND “cross sectional study”, from 2019 to 2021. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 9 case studies from the African, American and Asian continents were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that the use of masks was 2.10 times effective in preventing transmission of COVID-19 and was statistically significant (aOR= 2.10; 95% CI= 1.54 to 2.85; p<0.001). Maintaining an effective distance of 2.35 times in preventing transmission of COVID-19 and statistically significant (Aor= 2.35; 95% CI= 1.44 to 3.83; p<0.001).Conclusion: Wearing a mask and keeping a distance is effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19. Keywords: mask, physical distancing, covid transmission Correspondence:Tri Nyantosani Widyawardani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nyantosani@gmail.com. Mobile: +62811284836.
Pesticide Exposure and Its Correlation with Hemoglobin and Cholinesterase in Farmers Who Used Pesticide Nuryati, Arum; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.10

Abstract

Background: Agriculture is the most important sector in basic human needs. Farmers must improve the quality of agricultural products by using synthetic chemicals, someone who experiences pesticide poisoning will have low cholinesterase levels. This study aims to analyze pesticide exposure to hemoglobin and cholinesterase levels in farmers who use pesticides.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review study and meta-analysis conducted with the PRISMA diagram guidelines. The search for articles was carried out taking into account the eligibility criteria defined in the PICO model. Population= farmers using pesticides, Intervention= exposed to pesticides, Comparison= not exposed to pesticides, Outcome= hemoglobin and cholinesterase levels. The article search process was carried out between 2002-2022 from the Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer Link, Hindawi, and Plose one databases. The keywords used were “hemoglobin”, “exposed pesticide”, “cholinesterase level”, “farmers”, “hemoglobin AND exposed pesticide”, “cholinesterase level AND farmers”, “hemoglobin AND farmers”. The inclusion criteria in this study were the full text of a cross-sectional study, discussing pesticide exposure to hemoglobin and cholinesterase levels in farmers using pesticides, published in English. Final results are presented in the mean SD of the multivariate analysis. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Results: A meta-analysis was conducted on 13 articles originating from America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. The results of the meta-analysis showed that farmers exposed to pesticides experienced a decrease in hemoglobin, but it was not statistically significant (SMD= -0.28; 95% CI= -1.10 to 0.54; p=0.500). Pesticide exposure reduced cholinesterase levels in farmers using pesticides, the results were statistically significant (SMD= -2.48; 95% CI= -3.68 to -1.27; p<0.001).Conclusion: The results of the meta-analysis showed that pesticide exposure decreased hemoglobin and cholinesterase levels in farmers using pesticides. Keywords: hemoglobin, cholinesterase levels, farmers Correspondence:Arum Nuryati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: arumnuryati@student.uns.ac.id. Mobile: +6285728792097

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