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Journal of Maternal and Child Health
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490257     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.
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Articles 8 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 2, No 1 (2017)" : 8 Documents clear
Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeeding: Application of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model and Theory of Planned Behavior Alfianrisa, Anggityas; Salimo, Harsono; Poncorini, Eti
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is an ideal food for infants aged 0-6 months. EBF is useful for infants, but it is under-implemented. A non profit organization, namely Indonesian Association of Lactating Mothers (AIMI), has been established recently, with an objective to disseminate knowledge and information on breastfeeding and to increase breastfeeding practice in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeeding using  PRECEDE-PROCEED model and Theory of Planned Behavior.Subjects and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted at Pajang Community Health Center, Surakarta, Central Java, from January to March, 2017. A total sample of 120 lactating mothers were selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal employment status, participation in AIMI, knowledge, attitude, family support, perceived behavior control, and intention. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding were positively associated with maternal education ≥senior high school (b= -0.13; SE= 0.22; p= 0.572), participation in AIMI (b= 0.45, SE= 0.26, p= 0.085), maternal employment status (b= -0.63; SE= 0.20; p= 0.002), attitude (b= 0.05; SE= 0.03; p= 0.172), family support (b= 0.06; SE= 0.03; p= 0.039), perceived behavior control (b= 0.04; SE= 0.03; p= 0.164), and intention (b= 0.09; SE= 0.05; p= 0.045). EBF intention were positively associated with maternal education ≥senior high school (b=1.44; SE=0.42; p<0.001), participation in AIMI (b= 0.55; SE= 0.46; p= 0.229), attitude (b= 0.11; SE= 0.06; p= 0.046) and perceived behavior control (b= 0.38; SE= 0.05; p <0.001).Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding are positively associated with maternal education ≥senior high school, participation in AIMI, maternal employment status, attitude, family support, perceived behavior control, and intention. EBF intention are positively associated with maternal education ≥senior high school, participation in AIMI, attitude and perceived behavior control.Keywords: PRECEDE-PROCEED model, theory of planned behavior, AIMI, exclusive breastfeedingCorrespondence: Anggityas Alfianrisa. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: anggityasrisa@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285647563476.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 42-53https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.05
Effect of Nurturing at Child Care Center on Gross and Fine Motoric, Language and Social Development in Children Aged Under Five Years in Ungaran Barat Subdistrict, Ungaran Putri, Risma Aliviani; Murti, Bhisma; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Child development is influenced by several factors including parenting style, active learning, and physical need fulfillment. It is generally recommended that nurturing is provided by parents, namely parenting. Because of some constraints, however, some parents are not able to nurture. Child care center (Taman Pengasuhan Anak) is an alternative way of child nurturing. This study aimed to analize the effect of parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment on gross and fine motoric development, as well as language and social development at child care center.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted in Ungaran Barat Subdistrict, Ungaran, Central Java. A sample of 138 children under five years old with their mothers was selected by fixed exposured sampling for this study. The exogenous variables included parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment. The endogenous variable was child development, including gross and fine motoric development, language and social development. The parenting style was measured by questionnaire. An observation sheet was used to observe and document child’s active learning at child care center. Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) was used to measure child development. The data was analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Fulfillment of need had positive effect on child development, and it was marginally significant (b= 1.38; 95% CI= -0.15 to 2.91; p=0.077). Children who were raised by democratic parenting style were more able to learn actively than those raised by non democratic parenting style, and it was statistically significant (b= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.11; p=0.025). Children who were raised by democratic parenting style were more able to fulfill their need than those raised by non democratic parenting style, and it was statistically significant (b= 1.16; 95% CI= 0.002 to 2.33; p=0.050). Children who actively learned were more able to fulfill their need than those who did not actively learn, and it was statistically significant (b= 1.81; 95% CI=  0.61 to 3.01; p=0.003).Conclusion: There are effects of parenting style, active learning, and need fulfillment on child development, including gross and fine motoric development, as well as language and social development.Keywords: parenting style, active learning, need fulfillment, child, developmentCorrespondence: Risma Aliviani Putri. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Email: putririendera@gmail.com. Mobile: 085695222676.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 1-10https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.01
Effect of Soft Drink, Electronic Media Exposure, Family Income, Pocket Money, and Nutritional Status, on Age at Menarche Among Adolescents in Surakarta Latifah, Mirzawati; Murti, Bhisma; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Age at menarche has become earlier for the last 100 years. This situation poses worrying problem as it may be lead to an increased risk of premarital sex, teenage pregnancy, mental unpreparedness, and increased risk of malignant diseases such as ovarial cancer and breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the effect of soft drink, electronic media exposure, family income, pocket money, and nutritional status, on age at menarche among adolescents in Surakarta. Subjects and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from February to March, 2017. A sample of 100 female adolescents was selected by simple random sampling from several Junior High Schools in Surakarta. The exogenous variables were nutritional status, family income, and electronic media exposure. The endogenous variables were age at menarche, soft drink consumption, and pocket money. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Age at menarche was affected by electronic media exposure (b=-0.65; SE=0.25;  p= 0.010), pocket money (b= -7.48; SE= 1.52, p<0.001), soft drink (b= -3.43; SE= 1.11; p=0.002), and nutritional status (b=-1.31; SE=-0.59; p=0.025). Nutritional status was affected by family income (b<0.01, SE<0.01, p=0.323) and pocket money (b=0.24; SE= 0.29; p=0.401). Electronic media exposure was affected by pocket money  (b=0.69; SE=0.58; p=0.234). Soft drink was affected by pocket money (b=0.23; SE=0.13; p=0.074). Pocket money was affected by family income (b<0.01; SE<0.01; p<0.001).Conclusion: Age at menarche is directly affected by electronic media exposure, pocket money, soft drink, and nutritional status. Age at menarche is indirectly affected by family income, pocket money, and electronic media exposure.Keywords: path analysis, menarche, soft drink, reproduction healthCorrespondence: Mirzawati Latifah. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: Mirzawati.Latifah@gmail.com. Mobile: 082218490968.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 54-63https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.06
Path Analysis Risk Factors that Influence Maternal Mortality in District of Brebes -, Masturoh; Respatih, Supriyadi Hari; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Maternal and Child Health

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Abstract

Background: Maternal mortality is one of health indicators of a country. Based on demographic and health survey in Indonesia in 2012, the data presented the fact that there was a significant increase on maternal mortality which was 359 maternal mortality in every 100,000 live births. Maternal mortality rate indicated a decrease to 305 maternal mortality in every 100,000 live births which was stated as a finding in Intercensal Population Survey in 2015. District of Brebes was one of the districts in the province of Central Java which had the highest maternal mortality in 2016 which was 54 maternal mortality. This research aims to reveal the risk factors that influence maternal mortality. Those are proximate determinants, intermediate determinants and contextual determinants.Subjects and Method: This research was observational analitical study design using a case control. This research was conducted in district of Brebes, Central Java from February to March 2017. Subjects of the research were 162 which were chosen using a table of Sample Size for a Hypothesis Test of the Odds Ratio (1:2), and acquiring 54 cases and 108 controls. The dependent variables were maternal mortality, and the independent variables were maternal education, maternal job, numbers of visits to Antenatal Clinic (ANC), birth attendant, place of delivering babies, high-risk pregnancy, obstetric complications. The data was univariately, bivariately and multivariately analised using a double logistic regression, and then stata 13 path analysis.Results: The results of this research indicated that the risk factors which directly influenced maternal mortality were the amount of visits to ANC<4 times (b= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.42;  p= 0.006;) and obstretical complications (b= 1.78; 95% CI= 1.85 to 0.14; p= 0.013). Besides of the ability to recognise the direct effects, path analysis was also to used to present the risk factors that indirectly influenced maternal mortality. Those were high level of education (b= -0.63; 95% CI= -0.91 to 0.34; p= 0.001) and maternal jobs that influenced their numbers of visits to ANC (b = 1.00; 95% CI= 0.34 to 1.67; p= 0.003).Conclusion: Amount of visits to ANC < 4 times and obstretical complications are influenced maternal mortality. High level of education and maternal jobs are influenced their numbers of visits to ANC.Keywords : maternal mortality, risk factors, case control, path analysisCorrespondence: Masturoh. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: masturoh.bmd@gmaill.com. Mobile: +628783000101.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 11-19https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.02
Path Analysis on the Effect of Birthweight, Maternal Education, Stimulation, Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Nutritional Status on Motoric Development in Children Aged 6-24 Months in Banyumas District, Central Java Kusuma, Inggar Ratna; Salimo, Harsono; Sulaeman, Endang Sutisna
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: The first two years of a child life is a critical period for his growth and development. Motor skill is one of the elements of children development. Having good control of motor skill helps children in exploring their surrounding also helps in improving development. The study aimed to explain the effect of birth weight, maternal education, provision of stimulation, and nutritional status toward the development of children under two years old.Subjects and Method: The method of the study was analytic observational, with retrospective cohort approach. The study was conducted in 4 sub-districts of Banyumas Regency included: Kembaran, Somagede, Cilongok and Sumpiuh. Cluster sampling was used as subject selection techniques and were classified based on low birth weight and non low birth weight (fixed exposure sampling). There were a total of 120 children whom 40 of them were born with Low Birth Weight and 80 of them with normal birth weight. Exogenous variables among others were birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, stimulation provision. Endogeneous variables were nutritional status, and motor development. Data collection was conducted by using Early Detection Intervention Stimulation for Growth and Development (SDIDTK). Path analysis was used as the analysis technique.Result: Motor development was affected by nutritional status (b=0.12; SE= 0.04; p=0.006), frequency of stimulation (b=0.04; SE= 0.01; p=0.005), birth weight (b=0.33; SE=0.06; p<0.001), and maternal education (b=0.02; SE=0.07; p=0.719). Nutritional status was affected by exclusive breastfeeding (b =0.10, SE=0.15; p=0.507), maternal education (b=0.23; SE=0.13; p=0.078) and birth weight (b=0.38; SE=0.12; p=0.002).Conclusion: Motor development was affected by nutritional status, frequency of stimulation, birth weight, and maternal education. Nutritional status was affected by exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education and birth weight.Key words: birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, stimulation, maternal education, nutritional status, motor development.Correspondence: Inggar Ratna Kusuma. Fakultas Health Science of Muhammadiyah University Purwokerto Email : inggarratna@gmail.com. Mobile: 08562553967.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 64-75https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.07
Optimizing the Combination of Oxytocin Massage and Hypnobreastfeeding for Breast Milk Production among Post-Partum Mothers Sari, Lutfiana Puspita; Salimo, Harsono; Budihastuti, Uki Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: The incidence of post-partum blues both in Indonesia and abroad has been quite high; the stress that post-partum mothers experience will inhibit breast milk production and, as a result, breastfeeding process should be stopped earlier. Hypnobreastfeeding relaxation and oxytocin massage have been a combination of therapy that might decrease the rate of Adenocorticotropic Hormon (ACTH) and that might assist hormone and prolactin secrection in order that breast milk production becomes fluent. This study then aimed at analyzing the optimization of the combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding in order to decrease anxiety and to improve breast milk production among post-partum mothers.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic experimental study with Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design. This study was conducted at Dr. Suradji Tirtonegoro Central General Hospital, Klaten, from January 25th, 2017 until March 9th, 2017. The population in this study was 200 post-partum mothers. A sample of 60 post-partum mothers was selected for this study and allocated into the intervention group (n1= 30) and the control group (n2= 30). The intervention group would be treated by the combination of oxytocin massage and hypno­breastfeeding. The dependent variables were anxiety and breast milk production. The independent variables were oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding. The anxiety was measured by STAI scale. The breast milk production process was measured by checklist questionnaire. The breast milk production amount was measured by milking cups. The breast milk production between the two groups was tested by Mann-Whitney.Results: The anxiety scale in the intervention group was better and lower than that of the control group. The differences in terms of anxiety scale between the intervention group (median= 24.00; SD= 4.45) and the control group (median= 34.00; SD= 6.93) were statistically significant (p<0.001). Then, the differences in terms of breast milk production process between the inter­vention group (median= 9.00; SD= 1.66) and the control group (median= 8.00; SD= 1.56) were nearly significant (p<0.145). Furthermore, the differences in terms of breast milk production amount between the intervention group (median= 10.00; SD= 10.36) and the control group (median= 4.50; SD= 4.21) were statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding can effectively decreasing anxiety and increasing breast milk production for post-partum mothers.Keywords: oxytocin massage, hypnobreastfeeding, breast milk production, post-partumCorrespondence: Lutfiana Puspita Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ­­Email: bidanlutfiana@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282221522374.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 1(1): 20-29https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.03
Analysis of Maternal Mortality Determinants in Bondowoso District, East Java Fransiska, Ratna Diana; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Mudigdo, Ambar
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Data from Population Inter-Census Survey (Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus,  SUPAS) 2015 showed that maternal mortality ratio was 305 per 100,000 live-births in Indonesia. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set 70 per 100,000 live-births as the target for maternal mortality ratio to be achived by 2030. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of maternal mortality in Bondowoso district, East Java.Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. This study was carried out at 17 Community Health Centers, in Bondowoso, East Java from February to March 2017. A sample of 117 study subjects, consisting of 39 cases of maternal death and  78 control, was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was incidence of maternal death. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal employment status, antenatal care  visit, complication, late model, and other pregnancy risk factors. The data were collected from the obstetric and medical record, as well as a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysisResults: Determinants of maternal death included late decision making (b=2.37; 95% CI=0.81 to3.93; p=0.003), late transfer to the hospital (b=2.35; 95%CI =-0.21to4.91; to p=0.072), late handling at the hospital (b=2.36; 95%CI=-0.19to 4.91; p=0.069), and  complication (b=2.5; 95%CI=1.41to3.62; p<0.001). Complication was determined by completeness of antenatal visits (b=-1.01; 95%CI=-1.94to-0.09; p=0.032), and existence of pregnancy risk factor (b=1.90; 95%CI=1.01to 2.78; p=<0.001). Pregnancy risk factors was determined by completeness of antenatal visit (b=-1.09; 95%CI =-1.99to-0.19; p=0.018), maternal education (b=-0.47; 95%CI=-0.85to-0.07; p=0.020), and maternal employment status (b=0.14; 95%CI=-0.17to0.45; p=0.369). Antenatal visit was determined by maternal education (b=0.54; 95%CI=0.098to0.99; p=0.017) and maternal employment status (b=0.08; 95%CI=-0.29to0.45; p=0.683).Conclusion: The direct determinants of maternal death include late decision making, late transfer to the hospital, late handling at the hospital, and complication. The indirect determinants of maternal death include completeness of antenatal visits, existence of pregnancy risk factor, maternal education, and maternal employment status.Keywords: determinant, delay, complication, antenatal care, maternal death Correspondence: Ratna Diana Fransiska. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Email: ratnadiana00@gmail.com. Mobile: 085778822668Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 76-88https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.08
Path Analysis on Gestational Socio-economic Determinants of Nutritional Status in Children Under Five in Purworejo Regency, Central Java Ayuningrum, Ika Yuli; Salimo, Harsono; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Undernutrition by height-for-age standard starts during pregnancy and continues to the first two years of life. Linear growth disorders among children under five years are associated with morbidity, mortality, loss of physical growth potential, reduced neurological development, reduced cognitive functions, and increased risks of adulthood chronic diseases. In 2015, the number of undernourished children under five (height-for-age) reached 156 million globally. Purworejo regency was an area with the second highest under­nutrition cases in Central Java in 2014. This study aimed to analyze the life-course epidemiology perspectives on the socio-economic factors contributing to the nutritional status of the children aged two to five years in Purworejo regency, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytical study with case control design. This study was conducted in Purworejo, Kaligesing, and Bruno sub-districts, Purworejo Regency, Central Java in February to March 2017. A total sample 160 children aged two to five years and their mothers were selected by fixed disease sampling. There were 37 children in the case groups, and 113 children in the control groups. The independent variables included family income, maternal age, maternal nutritional status (mid upper arm circumference), birth length, exclusive breastfeeding and the children’s history of illness. The dependent variable was the children’s nutritional status (height-for-age/HAZ). Data on the children’s height were collected using microtoise. Other data were collected by maternal and children health (MCH) books and a set of questionnaires. The data were analyzed using path analysis.Results: Nutritional status of children under five (height-for-age/HAZ) was affected by family income (x Rp 100,000) (b=0.03; SE=0.24; p<0.001), maternal age (years) (b=0.02; SE=0.02; p=0.160), maternal nutritional status/MUAC (cm) (b=0.08; SE=0.05; p=0.066), birth length (cm) (b=0.22; SE=0.05; p<0.001), exclusive breastfeeding (b= 0.03; SE=0.16; p=0.080), and the absence of illness (b=0.39; SE=0.14; p=0.007).Conclusion: Nutritional status of the children under five (height-for-age/HAZ) is affected by family income, birth length, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal age, maternal nutritional status, and the absence of illness.Keywords: nutritional status, children under five, life-course epidemiology, socio-economicCorrespondence: Ika Yuli Ayuningrum. Magister of Public Health Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: ayuningrum0811@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285729407360.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 30-41https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.04 

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