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INDONESIA
JURNAL SELULOSA
Published by Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Jurnal Selulosa (JSel) is a journal that provides scientific information resources aimed at researchers and engineers in academia, research institutions, government agencies, and industries. Jurnal Selulosa publishes original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on cellulose, cellulose derivatives, pulp technology, paper technology, environment, biorefinery and other related topics. Formerly known as Berita Selulosa, and the first publication was in 1965. Since 2011, the journal renamed to Jurnal Selulosa.
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Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA" : 6 Documents clear
PEMBENTUKAN LUMPUR GRANUL DALAM PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH PEMUTIHAN PULP DENGAN REAKTOR UP-FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) Yusup Setiawan; Sri Purwati; Kristaufan Joko Pramono; Rina Susilowati Soetopo
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (460.854 KB)

Abstract

UASB reactor is not used yet by pulp and paper industries in Indonesia in treating their wastewater caused by granular sludge must be imported and needs high skill in the operation. To anticipate the more stringent of effluent standard and implementation of Adsorbale Organic halide (AOX) as a key parameter, UASB reactor has a good prospect to be used in treating of pulp and paper wastewater.In the beginning of experiment, UASB reactor was operated with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days and OLR of 0.10 – 0.23 kgCOD/m3.day for 141 days. UASB reactor was then operated with the HRT of 19 hrs and OLR of 0.80 – 3.25 kgCOD/m3.day for 287 days. Since day 288th, UASB reactor was operated in the HRT of 12 hrs and OLR of 1.92 – 5.0 kgCOD/m3.day.In this condition, micronutrient solution in the amount of 1 mL/L was added into feed wastewater of UASB reactor to accelerate the growth of granular sludge. Concentration of parameters such as COD, BOD, TSS, pH, and Adsobable Organic Halides (AOX) were analyzed. Sludge characteristic was tested and observed by Light Optical Microscope Leica DMLM and S4E and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Philips FEI Quanta 200. Settling rate of granular sludge was also measured.The result showed  that on the HRT of 12 hrs and the OLR of 1.92 – 5.0 kgCOD/m3.day with the up-flow velocity of 0,16 m/hr, treatment system by UASB reactor could reduce COD of 34.23 – 90.28% (average of 67.41%) and AOX of 59.65 – 70.12% (average of 67.93%). The addition of micronutrient solution in the amount of 1 mL/L had significant effect to the growth of microorganism and the granular sludge formation.  The formed granular sludge had black-brownies color, VSS/SS ratio of 0.72, diameter up to 2 mm, specific gravity (sg) of 1.12, and high settling rate of 54.6 m/hr. Bacterial population content of the granular sludge consist of filament bacteria (Methanotric sp.) with the diameter of 1 – 2.94 µm and coccus bacteria (Methanosarcina) with the diameter of 2 - 29 µm. This is very useful and has a role in the sludge granulation and the reduction of organic compounds. INTISARI Sampai saat ini industri pulp dan kertas di Indonesia belum ada yang menggunakan reaktor UASB dalam pengolahan air limbahnya, karena lumpur granul masih harus diimpor dan diperlukan ketrampilan tinggi dalam mengoperasikannya. Untuk mengantisipasi baku mutu buangan air limbah yang semakin ketat dan penerapan Adsorbable Organic Halide (AOX) sebagai parameter kunci, reaktor UASB mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk digunakan dalam pengolahan air limbah industri pulp dan kertas.Pada permulaan percobaan reaktor UASB dioperasikan dengan waktu tinggal 3 hari dengan beban organik sekitar 0,10 – 0,23 kgCOD/m3.hari selama 141 hari. Setelah itu reaktor UASB dioperasikan dengan waktu tinggal  19 jam  dan  beban organik antara 0,80 – 3,25 kgCOD/m3.hari sampai hari 287. Sejak hari 288, reaktor UASB dioperasikan dengan waktu tinggal 12 jam dan beban organik antara 1,92 – 5,0 kgCOD/m3.hari. Pada kondisi tersebut ke dalam umpan reaktor UASB ditambahkan larutan mikronutrisi untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan lumpur granul sebanyak 1 mL/L. Kadar  parameter COD, BOD, TSS, pH, dan Adsobable Organic Halides (AOX)  influen dan effluen dianalisa. Karakteristik lumpur diamati dan diuji menggunakan Light Optical Microscope Leica DMLM dan S4E dan Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) Philips FEI Quanta 200. Kecepatan pengendapan lumpur granul juga diukur.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada waktu tinggal 12 jam dan beban organik antara 1,92 – 5,0 kgCOD/m3.hari  dengan up-flow velocity = 0,16 m/jam, sistem pengolahan dengan reaktor UASB dapat mereduksi COD = 34,23% – 90,28% (rata-rata = 67,41%) dan AOX = 59,65% – 70,12% (rata-rata = 67,93%). Penambahan larutan mikronutrisi sebanyak 1 mL/L mempunyai pengaruh signifikan dalam pertumbuhan mikrorganisme dan pembentukan lumpur granul. Lumpur granul yang terbentuk  berwarna hitam kecoklatan, memiliki VSS/SS = 0,72,  dengan diameter mencapai 2 mm, dengan nilai specific gravity (sg) 1,12  dan memiliki kecepatan pengendapan tinggi mencapai 54,6 m/jam. Populasi bakteri pada lumpur granul diantaranya terkomposisi dari bakteri filament (Methanotric sp.) berdiameter antara 1 – 2,94 µm dan coccus (Methanosarcina) berdiameter antara 2 - 29 µm yang sangat berperan pada granulasi lumpur dan reduksi senyawa organik.
POTENSI DAN ALTERNATIF PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADAT INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS Sri Purwati; Rina Susilowati Soetopo; Setiadji Setiadji; Yusup Setiawan
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

Set of problems in solid waste management faced by pulp and paper industry has motivated to be carried out various investigations to find out solid waste management which is effective and efficient. Solid waste utilization is one of alternatives in environmental management which is required to be developed due to the economic values obtained and the created of healthy and clean environment.An assessment to know the characteristics of hazardous pollutant identified in the solid waste of pulp and paper industry was carried out. The assessment of potency and the utilization feasibility of sludge waste from wastewater treatment plant and ash waste from power boiler to be a product resulting added value was also studied both the technical aspect and the environmental risk. Results show that the characteristics of sludge waste from wastewater treatment plant and ash waste from power and incinerator were not identified as hazardous waste and based on TCLP and on-waste testing results, it can be piled in the light landfill category. Sludge waste from wastewater treatment plant has potency to be utilized as compost without causing the pollution indication into soil and soil water. Other utilization as boiler fuel, it has also prosperous potency, yet the design of equipment to handle the high water content is required to be considered. Ash waste from power boiler could also be utilized as clay mixture in brick making. The quality of brick product was fulfilling Indonesian national brick quality standard and it is safe for environment. INTISARI            Permasalahan pengelolaan limbah padat yang dihadapi oleh industri pulp dan kertas telah mendorong dilakukannya berbagai penelitian untuk mencari solusi pengelolaan yang efektif dan efisien. Pemanfaatan limbah merupakan alternatif pengelolaan lingkungan yang perlu dikembangkan mengingat nilai ekonomi yang diperoleh dan terciptanya lingkungan yang bersih dan sehat.Suatu kajian untuk mengetahui karakteristik adanya identifikasi cemaran B3 terhadap limbah padat industri pulp dan kertas telah dilakukan. Pengkajian atas hasil beberapa penelitian untuk mengetahui potensi dan kelayakan pemanfaatan limbah padat dari Lumpur IPAL dan abu pembakaran power boiler menjadi produk bernilai ekonomi telah dirumuskan pula dengan meninjau aspek teknis dan lingkungannya.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik limbah padat Lumpur IPAL dan abu pembakaran dari power boiler dan insinerator tidak mengidentifikasikan sebagai limbah B3, sehingga didalam pengelolaannya berdasarkan hasil uji on-waste dan TCLP dapat ditimbun dalam landfill kategori ringan. Kajian terhadap potensi pemanfaatannya menunjukkan bahwa Lumpur IPAL potensial dimanfaatkan sebagai produk kompos tanpa menyebabkan indikasi pencemaran tanah dan air tanah. Sedangkan pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan bakar  boiler uap cukup potensial pula, namun perlu dipertimbangkan rancangan peralatan untuk menangani masalah tingginya kadar air. Kajian terhadap abu pembakaran menunjukkan potensinya untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan substitusi  ( 60%) pada peambuatan produk bata merah dengan kualitas cukup memenuhi persyaratan SNI dan tanpa menimbulkan resiko terhadap lingkungan.
KARAKTERISTIK VERMIKOMPOS DARI LIMBAH PADAT IPAL INDUSTRI KERTAS Rina Susilowati Soetopo; Sri Purwati
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

The influence of the vermicompost produced from solid waste 0f paper mill wastewater treatment plant  to corn vegetation  have been investigated. Solid waste obtained from paper mill using wastepaper as raw materials. Experiment was carried out in a laboratory scale, initiated by solid waste characterization including the determination of macronutrients and heavy metals. Vesmicomposting was done in solid waste treatment variation. The best vermicompost  was obtained from solid waste medium with sawdust as a mixed material at  40%v/v. Observation of compost effect to corn vegetation was focused on corn harvesting result, heavy metal content and acute toxicity test.The result showed that the vermicompost generally contains total heavy metals higher than those of comercial vermicompost from domestic waste, but lower than standard of compost according to SNI and those in some other countries (USA, Europe Union and Australian) except nickel. The vermicompost effect up to 33 ton/ha to vegetative and generative growth of corn was good. The heavy metals content in the corn grain harvested from the land fertilized by vermicompost of 33 ton/ha, under the Dirjen POM No 03725/B/SK/VII/89 standard. Acute toxicity test on corn grain show that its concentration is higher than 15,000 mg/kg body weight, and practically can be classified as non toxic. INTISARIPenelitian pengaruh vermikompos dari limbah padat IPAL industri kertas terhadap tanaman jagung telah dilakukan. Limbah padat  IPAL  diperoleh dari industri kertas yang menggunakan bahan baku kertas bekas. Penelitian dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dan diawali dengan karakterisasi limbah yang meliputi logam dan  unsur hara makro. Pembuatan vermikompos dilakukan dengan beberapa variasi komposisi media limbah padat. Perlakuan Komposisi media yang terbaik adalah limbah padat yang dicampur serbuk kayu 40% v/v. Pengaruh vermikompos terhadap tanaman jagung dilakukan terhadap  hasil panen, kandungan logam berat dan uji toksisitas akut.   Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kandungan logam berat dalam vermikompos umumnya lebih tinggi dari vermikompos komersial yang berasal dari limbah domestik, tetapi lebih rendah dari standar kompos menurut SNI dan beberapa negara lain ( USA, Uni Eropa dan Australia) kecuali nikel. Pengaruh dosis vermikompos sampai 33 ton/ha menunjukkan efek positif terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman jagung. Kandungan logam berat dalam biji jagung yang dipanen menunjukkan nilai jauh lebih rendah dari persyaratan maksimum batasan cemaran logam berat dalam makanan untuk kelompok sayur dan hasil olahannya menurut Dirjen POM No. 03725/B/SK/VII/89 dan hasil uji toksisitas akut menunjukkan bahwa jagung yang dipanen termasuk dalam klasifikasi praktis tidak toksik. Kata kunci : limbah padat, vermikompos, industri kertas
Sari Pustaka Hendro Risdianto
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

AUDIT ENERGI DI MESIN KERTAS Dina, Sari Farah; Susanto, Herri
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

Energy audit were conducted in five paper mills, namely: A B,C, D and E with different paper machine and process conditions. Mill A is relatively old  and small with a capacity of 160 ton/day of print paper. The steam consumption of mill A was 2.01 ton/ton product, which was higher than that of mill B (1.41 ton/ton). This large different steam consumption might be due to a high water content of paper entering the paper machine (up to 62.83%). A highest steam consumption up to 3.76 ton/ton product was found in Mill E having a small capacity of 38 ton/day. Besides the fact that paper machine in Mill E was old and had no hood, type of product (grammage of 284 g/m2) might also contribute to this high steam consumption. Two other mills producing corrugated paper (mills C and D: with a grammage of 115 and 125 g/m2 respectively) had steam consumptions of about 1.9 ton/ton product, within the range of 1.8 – 2.2 ton/ton reported in literature.Mill B with a capacity of 984 ton/day was the largest mill in this study. Current steam consumption of mill B of about 1.41 ton/ton of product was the lowest among the other four mills. This mill has implemented an energy conservation program. By means of reducing water content in paper entering the drying machine from 54% to 51%, the steam consumption was reduced from 1611 to 1440 ton/day. From a simple mass and heat balance, increasing water content in paper leaving paper machine from the present value of 4% to the allowable one of 5% might also give another saving of steam.  INTISARIAudit energi telah dilakukan pada lima pabrik kertas, dinamai A, B, C, D dan E, dengan berbagai kapasitas dan kondisi proses. Pabrik A memiliki kapasitas kecil, hanya 180 ton/hari dan sudah tua. Konsumsi steam pabrik ini sekitar 2,01 ton/ton kertas, jauh lebih tinggi daripada pabrik B (1,41 ton/ton). Perbedaan mencolok ini salah satunya disebabkan perbedaan kadar air dalam kertas saat masuk mesin kertas (kadar air sampai 62,83% di pabrik A). Konsumsi steam terbesar ditemui di pabrik E (3,76 ton/ton) yang memiliki kapasitas produksi kertas 38 ton/hari. Pabrik E yang sudah tua ini memproduksi kertas tebal (gramatur 284 g/m2) dan mesin kertasnya tidak dilengkapi dengan hood. Dua pabrik kertas lainnya memproduksi corrugated-paper: pabrik C dengan gramatur 115 dan pebrik D 125 g/m2. Konsumsi steam kedua pabrik ini sekitar 1,9 ton/jam, masih dalam rentang konsumsi steam 1,8 – 2,2 ton/ton kertas yang dilaporkan di beberapa pustaka. Pabrik B merupakan pabrik terbesar dengan kapasitas 984 ton/hari, telah menerapkan program-program penghematan energi. Konsumsi steam pabrik ini adalah 1,41 ton/ton produk, paling rendah di antara kelima pabrik yang ditinjau. Dengan menurunkan kadar air pada kertas sebelum masuk mesin pengering, pabrik ini dapat menghemat pemakaian steam dari 1611 menjadi 1440 ton/hari. Disamping itu perhitungan neraca massa dan energi menunjukkan masih adanya penghematan konsumsi steam jika kadar air dalam kertas keluar mesin pengering dapat dinaikkan dari kebiasaan 4% menjadi yang diijinkan 5%.
STUDI AWAL POLIMERISASI OPAL STIRENA-BUTILAKRILAT BERUKURAN SERAGAM SECARA NANOTEKNOLOGI Evi Oktavia; Nurudin Budiman; Emil Budianto
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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Abstract

A preliminary study of starved feed stepwise emulsion polymerization was conducted on two monomers, which have a large refractive index difference between the hard monomer styrene and the soft monomer butyl acrylate. Monomer glycidyl methacrylate used as cross linker agent. These monomers are selected to obtain monodisperse polymer colloids for the preparation of elastomeric polymer opaline film. The films showed opaline color shades due to selective reflection of the light wavelength corresponding to the lattice spacing. Surfactant and initiator were maintained at low concentrations in order to obtain polymer colloids of nanometer size i.e. 200 – 300 nm in diameter. These polymer colloids in range sizes of particles were cast dried. They showed the opalescence colors. The effect of concentration surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate and concentration of initiator ammonium persulfate was investigated to obtain theoretically solid content. The polymers prepared with this method were monodispersed at less than 5 % INTISARI Studi awal polimerisasi emulsi dilakukan terhadap dua monomer dengan perbedaan indeks refraksi yang cukup tinggi, antara monomer keras stirena dan monomer lunak butil akrilat. Monomer glisidil metakrilat digunakan sebagai pengikat silang. Polimer koloid yang dihasilkan mempunyai distribusi ukuran partikel seragam, untuk menghasilkan polimer elastomerik berwarna opal. Warna disebabkan oleh hamburan selektif panjang gelombang sinar yang dilewatkan sebanding dengan jarak kisi kristal koloid. Konsentrasi surfaktan dan inisiator dijaga rendah untuk menghasilkan partikel berukuran nanometer yaitu 200 – 300 nm. Polimer dalam wujud kering berwarna opal. Pengaruh surfaktan natrium lauril sulfat, dan inisiator amonium persulfat diamati untuk mendapatkan kandungan padatan teoritis. Polimer mempunyai distribusi ukuran partikel yang seragam, yaitu dibawah 0,05.

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