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JURNAL SELULOSA

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Published by Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia

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Jurnal Selulosa (JSel) is a journal that provides scientific information resources aimed at researchers and engineers in academia, research institutions, government agencies, and industries. Jurnal Selulosa publishes original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on cellulose, cellulose derivatives, pulp technology, paper technology, environment, biorefinery and other related topics. Formerly known as Berita Selulosa, and the first publication was in 1965. Since 2011, the journal renamed to Jurnal Selulosa.

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Articles 204 Documents

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PROSPEK DAN POTENSI PEMANFAATAN LIGNOSELULOSA JERAMI PADI MENJADI KOMPOS, SILASE DAN BIOGAS MELALUI FERMENTASI MIKROBA R. Haryo Bimo Setiarto
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 3, No 02 (2013): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Microbial fermentation can processes lignocelluloses rice straw become several commodity with high value economics. Aerobic fermentation will results compost, and carbondioxyde. Meanwhile, anaerobic fermentation will results silase, biogas, and sludge. This review focused to doing comparative study about prospect and potency bioconversion rice straw to become biogas, silase, and compost by using microbial fermentation based on technoeconomical parameter. Compost from rice straw fermentation using Trichoderma sp., Trametes sp., and Aspergillus sp. which have quality: C/N ratio (18.88), C (35.11%) , N (1.86%), P2O5 (0.21%), K2O (5,35%), water activity (55%), Ca (4.2%), Mg (0.5%), Cu (20 ppm), Mn (684 ppm) and Zn (144 ppm). Moreover, silase from rice straw fermentation using Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Plediococcus pentosomonas which have quality like acid flavour, it can not growth with fungi, it have green and yellow colour, pH 4.2, lactic acid composition (1.5-2.5%), butyric acid concentration (0.1%), acetic acid composition (0.5-0.8%), and composition N-NH3 (5-8%). Furthermore, biogas from rice straw fermentation using metanogenic bacteria (Methanobacterium and Methanobacillus) which have value 590 – 700 kcal per cubic, so it can results electricity energy from 1.25 to 1.50 kWH. It was equivalen with 0.5 kg liquid natural gas, 0.5 litres premium, and 0.5 litres diesel oil. From technoeconomical aspect, it can concluded that prospect bioconversion rice straw become biogas is more profitable to be applied in Indonesia based on parameter Benefit Cost Ratio because it will be gotten two advantages from once processes which are product biogas and compost from residual sludge.Keywords: rice straw, fermentation, compost, silase, biogas ABSTRAK Fermentasi mikroba mampu mengolah limbah lignoselulosa jerami padi menjadi beberapa komoditas dengan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Fermentasi secara aerob akan menghasilkan kompos, dan karbondioksida. Sementara itu proses fermentasi secara anaerob akan menghasilkan silase, biogas dan sludge. Review ini bertujuan melakukan studi komparatif terhadap prospek dan potensi pemanfaatan jerami padi menjadi biogas, silase maupun kompos melalui fermentasi mikroba ditinjau dari aspek teknis maupun ekonomis. Kompos jerami padi hasil fermentasi Trichoderma sp., Tremates sp., dan Aspergillus sp. memiliki kualitas: rasio C/N (18,88), C (35,11%) , N (1,86%), P2O5 (0,21%), K2O (5,35%), kadar air (55%), Ca 4,2%, Mg (0,5%), Cu (20 ppm), Mn (684 ppm) dan Zn (144 ppm). Kualitas produk silase jerami padi hasil fermentasi Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus plantarum, dan Plediococcus pentosomonas adalah berbau asam, tidak berjamur, berwarna hijau kekuningan, memiliki pH 4,2; kandungan asam laktat 1,5-2,5%, kandungan asam butirat 0,1%, kandungan asam asetat 0,5-0,8%; dan kandungan N-NH3 5-8%. Biogas jerami padi hasil fermentasi bakteri metanogenik Methanobacterium dan Methanobacillus memiliki nilai kalor 590 – 700 kkal per kubik, sehingga mampu membangkitkan energi listrik sebesar 1,25 – 1,50 kWH dan dapat disetarakan dengan 0,5 kg gas alam cair, 0,5 liter bensin, dan 0,5 liter minyak diesel. Secara ekonomi, prospek pemanfaatan jerami padi menjadi biogas lebih menguntungkan untuk diaplikasikan di Indonesia berdasarkan parameter Benefit Cost Ratio karena akan diperoleh dua keuntungan dalam satu kali proses produksi yaitu produk biogas serta kompos yang berasal dari sludge residu.Kata kunci: jerami padi, fermentasi, kompos, silase, biogas

PEMANFAATAN PLASTIK DARI REJEK INDUSTRI KERTAS UNTUK BAHAN BAKAR (Utilization of Plastics Reject of Paper Industry for Fuel) Yusup Setiawan; Sri Purwati; Aep Surachman; Reza Bastari I. W.; Kristaufan Joko Pramono
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 6, No 01 (2016): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Utilization of reject plastic pellet of paper mill which is waste paper as the raw material has been carried out. Making of reject plastic pellet was consisted of wet shredded process of reject using shredded machine, separation process of plastic and fiber with filtration process, and drying process of wet shredded plastic using centrifugal drainer machine and sun-drying. Dried shredded reject plastic was then formed plastic pellet using pellet machine. Plastic pellets produced has diameter of around 10 mm and a length of about 10-15 mm. Plastic pellets were analyzed for proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon contents). In addition, it was also tested for calorific value, sulfur content, ash mineral content and the ash fusion temperature (AFT). The results indicate that the reject plastic pellets have a high calorific value (7,207-8,730 cal/g), low sulfur content (0.14 to 0.17%), low ash mineral content, and the Ash Fusion Temperature (AFT) above the operating temperature of the boiler (900oC). Reject plastic pellets in the amount of 4.25% of production capacity could potentially be used as a coal substitution for fuel boiler of paper mill with a low propensity of slagging and fouling in the boiler.Keywords: coal, paper mill, pellets, plastic, reject, fuel ABSTRAKPenelitian pemanfaatan pelet plastik rejek industri kertas berbahan baku kertas bekas telah dilakukan. Pembuatan pelet plastik dari rejek meliputi tahapan proses pencacahan rejek secara basah menggunakan mesin pencacah, proses pemisahan cacahan plastik dan serat dengan proses penyaringan, dan proses pengeringan cacahan plastik rejek basah menggunakan mesin peniris sentrifugal dan panas sinar matahari. Cacahan plastik rejek kering selanjutnya dibentuk pelet plastik menggunakan mesin pelet. Pelet plastik yang dihasilkan berdiameter 10 mm dengan panjang sekitar 10 – 15 mm. Pelet plastik dari rejek dianalisis proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang dan kadar karbon padat). Selain itu, pelet dianalisis juga nilai kalor, kadar sulfur, kadar mineral abu dan Ash Fusion Temperature (AFT). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pelet plastik dari rejek memiliki nilai kalor tinggi (7.207 – 8.730 kal/g), kadar sulfur rendah (0,14 – 0,17%), kadar mineral abu rendah, dan Ash Fusion Temperature(AFT) di atas suhu operasi boiler (900oC). Pelet plastik rejek sebanyak 4,25% kapasitas produksi berpotensi dapat digunakan sebagai substitusi batubara bahan bakar boiler industri kertas dengan kecenderungan terjadinya slagging dan fouling dalam boiler rendah.Kata kunci : batubara, industri kertas, pelet, plastik, rejek, bahan bakar

STUDI AWAL SINTESA CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE-GRAFTPOLY(ACRYLIC ACID)/MONMORILONIT SUPERABSORBEN POLIMER HIDRO GEL KOMPOSIT MELALUI PROSES KOPOLIMERISASI CANGKOK (PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SYNTHESIS OF CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSEGRAFT-POLY(ACRYLIC ACID)/MONTMORILLONITE SUPERABSORBEN COMPOSITES HYDRO GEL POLYMER BY GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION) Lik Anah; Nuri Astrini; Asep Nurhikmat; Agus Haryono
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 45, No 01 (2010): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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A carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite superabsorbent polymer composite (SAPCs) or hydro gel was prepared by graft-copolymerization among carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), acrylic acid (AA), and montmorillonite (MMT) in aqueous solution. In this research, factors influencing water absorbency or swelling ratio of the hydro gel such as reaction of temperature, concentration of benzoylperoxide (BPO) initiator and concentration of methyl bisacrylamide crosslinker (MBA) were studied. As fixed variable were used time of reaction is five hours and speed of mechanic agitation is 300 rpm. Hydro gel acquired the highest equilibrium water absorbency of 126.56 g/g when ratio of AA to CMC is 10 : 1; 2.5 wt% BPO; 3.75 wt% MBA; and 10 wt% MMT was incorporated. In this experiment the hydro gel PAA Absorb commercial was used as standard that has equilibrium water absorbency of 123 g/g. The graft-copolymerization reaction mechanism, morphology, and thermal stability of the composites were also investigated by FTIR, SEM, and TGA, respectively. FTIR spectra showed –OH of CMC participated in graft polymerization with AA. The introduced CMC and MMT endowed the composite a higher thermal stability.Keywords : CMC-g-poly(AA)/MMT, superabsorbent polymer composites, hydro gel, BPO, MBA INTISARIMaterial superabsorben polimer komposit (SAPCs) atau hidro gel karboksimetil selulosa – cangkok - asam poliakrilat / monmorilonit dipersiapkan melalui proses graft-kopolimerosasi antara karboksimetil selulosa, asam akrilat (AA), dan monmorilonit (MMT) dalam larutan encer. Dalam penelitian ini telah dipelajari faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan hidro gel dalam menyerap air seperti suhu reaksi, konsentrasi inisiator benzoil peroksida (BPO), dan konsentrasi pengikat silang metil bisakrilamida (MBA). Variabel tetap yang digunakan adalah waktu reaksi 5 jam dan kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm. Hidro gel hasil penelitian memberikan serapan air atau swelling ratio tertinggi 126,56 g H2O/g hidro gel pada kondisi operasi yaitu rasio AA terhadap CMC adalah 10 : 1, konsentrasi BPO 2,5% w/w, MBA 3,75% w/w, dan MMT 10% w/w. Hidro gel PAA Absorb komersial digunakan sebagai standar dengan kesetimbangan penyerapan air123 g/g. Mekanisme reaksi kopolimerisasi cangkok, morfologi, dan kestabilan panas dari SAPCs dipelajari melalui analisa FTIR, SEM, dan TGA. Hasil spektra FTIR menunjukkan gugus fungsional –OH dari CMC berperan aktif dengan AA. Penggunaan CMC dan MMT dalam proses kopolimerisasi cangkok telah memberikan kestabilan panas yang lebih tinggi pada material hidro gel.Kata kunci : CMC-g-poli(AA)/MMT, superabsorben polimer komposit, hidro gel, BPO, MBA

PENINGKATAN EFEKTIVITAS PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH PROSES PEMUTIHAN PULP DENGAN REAKTOR UP-FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) DAN LUMPUR AKTIF TERMOBILISASI (INCREASING THE EFFECTIVITY PULP BLEACHING PROCESS EFFLUENT TREATMENT BY UP-FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) AND MOBILIZED ACTIVATED SLUDGE REACTORS) Yusup Setiawan; Sri Purwati; Rina S Soetopo; Kristaufan Joko Pramono
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 43, No 02 (2008): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Treatment of pulp bleaching effluent using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and suspended carrier Biofilm (SCB) system have been carried out. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and suspended carrier Biofilm (SCB) reactors were run on the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 12 hours, respectively. Micronutrient solution containing some traces elements was added into feed wastewater of UASB reactor to accelerate the growth of granular sludge. Sludge characteristics of UASB and activated sludge reactors were observed and analyzed. Settling rate of granular sludge in UASB reactors was also mesured. Effluent of UASB reactor was treated further in Suspended Carrier Biofilm (SCB) reactor.Concentration of COD, TSS and AOX parameters both influent and effluent of UASB reactor as well as suspended carrier biofilm (SCB) reactor were analyzed. Result revealed that UASB reactor run on the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 12 hours could remove COD up to 90%, TSS up to 91% and AOX up to 84%. Addition of micronutrient solution has accelerated the growth of granular sludge. Dark-brownesh color of granular sludge with the diameter of 1-4 mm having settling rate of 70-120 m/hr has been formed. SCB reactor as post treatment could remove COD of 85%, TSS of 73% and AOX of 76%. Sequential UASB and SCB reactor could increase the effectivity of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment with the removal of dissolved and suspended organic pollutant more than 94%.Key words: AOX, COD, activated sludge, granular sludge, UASB.INTISARI Pengolahan air limbah proses pemutihan pulp dengan system Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) dan lumpur aktif termobilisasi telah dilakukan. Reaktor (UASB) dan lumpur aktif termobilisasi masin-masing dioperasikan pada waktu tinggal 12 jam. Larutan micronnutrisi yang mengandung ion-ion logam dalam jumlah sedikit ditambahkan ke dalam umpan reactor UASB untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan lumpur granul. Karakteristik lumpur reaktor UASB diamati dan dianalisa. Kecepatan pengendapan lumpur granul juga diukur. Efluen reactor UASB diolah lebih lanjut dalam reactor lumpur aktif termobilisasi. Parameter COD, TSS dan Adsorbable Organic Halies (AOX) menunjukan bahwa pada waktu tinggal 12 jam, reaktor UASB dapat mereduksi COD 90%, TSS 91% dan AOX 84%. Penambahan larutan mikronutrisi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan mikroganisme dalam membentukan lumpur granul. Lumpur granul yang terbentuk berdiameter 1-4 mm berwarna hitam kecoklatan memiliki kesepatan 70-120 m/jam. Pengolahan lanjutan dengan sistem lumpur aktif termobilisasi masing-masing dapat mereproduksi COD 85%, TSS 73% dan AOX 76%. Sistem pengolahan air limbah gabungan rector UASB dan lumpur aktif termobilisasi dapat meningkatkan efektifitas pengolahan air limbah industri pulp dan kertas dengan reduksi pencemar organik terlarut dan tersuspesi lebih besar dari 94%.Kata kunci : AOX, COD, lumpur aktif, lumpur granul, UASB

VALUASI PENGENDALIAN EMISI BOILER BATU BARA PADA INDUSTRI KERTAS DAN ESTIMASI EMISI MERKURI (Hg) (VALUATION ON EMISSION CONTROL OF COAL-FIRED BOILER OF PAPER INDUSTRY AND ESTIMATION OF MERCURY (Hg) EMISSION) Yusup Setiawan
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 7, No 01 (2017): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Steam and electricity needs in the paper industry have been provided itself through coal-fired boiler equipped with emission control devices. Boiler flue gas emissions of coal combustion products contain contaminants such as particulate emissions , NO2 and SO2 , and a small amount of emissions of mercury (Hg). Valuation on boiler emissions quality associated with air emissions control systems and emissions standard has been carried out. Estimation of mercury concentration in air emissions of boiler flue gas in the paper industry has also been conducted. The valuation on the air emissions quality of non-mercury parameters of paper industry boilers has also been done based on national emissions standards. The results of the valuation indicated that the current applied of flue gas emissions control devices in the paper industry has been optimally operated so that the emission quality of boiler for both non-mercury parameters and mercury parameters has been complied with the emission quality standards. Prediction of mercury content in air emissions of a coal boiler stack of paper industry that is discharged into environment based on the content of mercury in coal is 0.0205 mg/Nm3 (20.5 µg/Nm3 ) maximum. Paper industry needs to consider the application of co-benefit technology when mercury is used as a quality standard emissions parameter. ABSTRAKKebutuhan uap dan atau listrik pada industri kertas disediakan melalui unit boiler berbahan bakar batu bara yang dilengkapi alat pengendali emisi. Emisi gas boiler mengandung pencemar berupa partikulat, NO2 dan SO2 , dan merkuri (Hg). Valuasi kualitas emisi boiler berkaitan dengan sistem pengendalian emisi udara dan baku mutu emisi telah dilakukan, Estimasi kadar merkuri di udara emisi cerobong boiler pada industri kertas juga telah dilakukan. Valuasi kualitas emisi udara non-merkuri emisi boiler industri kertas juga telah dilakukan berdasarkan baku mutu emisi nasional. Hasil valuasi menunjukkan bahwa alat pengendali emisi gas buang boiler yang telah diterapkan saat ini pada industri kertas telah dioperasikan secara optimal sehingga kualitas emisi boiler baik untuk parameter non-merkuri maupun untuk parameter merkuri telah memenuhi baku mutu emisi. Prediksi kadar merkuri dalam udara emisi cerobong boiler batu bara industri kertas yang dibuang ke lingkungan dihitung berdasarkan kadar merkuri dalam batu bara adalah maksimum sebesar 0,0205 mg/Nm3 (20,5 µg/Nm3 ). Industri kertas perlu mempertimbangkan penerapan teknologi co-benefit bilamana suatu saat parameter merkuri ditetapkan sebagai parameter baku mutu emisi.

PENINGKATAN MUTU SERAT DAUR ULANG KOTAK KARTON GELOMBANG BEKAS MENGGUNAKAN CMC Sonny Kurnia Wirawan; Nina Elyani; Ike Rostika
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 5, No 01 (2015): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

The use of recycled fibers derived from old corrugated cardboard (OCC) potential for enhanced strength properties through the addition of carboxy methylcellulose (CMC). Research carried out on local OCC with variation of time reaction, temperture, and the dosage of of CMC and CaCl2. Handsheet laboratory was made, and then analyzed the strength properties include tensile index, tensile energy absorption (TEA) index , bursting index and folding endurance, as well as coarseness and kink. The results show the optimum condition is achieved on the conditions of the reaction time of 20 minutes, the reaction suhue 25°C, the concentration of CMC 0,75% and concentration CaCl2 0,5% . Strength properties improvement was achieved at 3,07% tensile index, folding endurance 43,75% and bursting strength 36,81% .Keywords: CMC, OCC, strength properties ABSTRAKSifat kekuatan serat daur ulang yang berasal dari kotak karton gelombang (KKG) bekas berpotensi untuk ditingkatkan melalui penambahan karboksi metil selulosa (CMC). Penelitian dilakukan terhadap KKG bekas lokal dengan variasi waktu, suhu, dan dosis penambahan CMC dan CaCl2. Lembaran kertas dibuat secara laboratorium , kemudian dianalisis sifat kekuatan meliputi indek tarik, indek tensile energy absorption (TEA), indek retak, dan ketahanan lipat, serta analisis coarseness dan kink. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kondisi optimum dicapai pada waktu reaksi 20 menit, suhu reaksi 25°C, konsentrasi CMC 0,75% dan konsentrasi CaCl2 0,5%. Peningkatan kekuatan yang dihasilkan adalah indeks tarik 3,07%, ketahanan lipat 43,75% dan indeks retak 36,81%.Kata kunci: CMC, KKG bekas, sifat kekuatan

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS SERAT SEKUNDER DENGAN PERLAKUAN ENZIM DAN POLIMER Tri Wahyudi Widiastono; Hawasul Zein Muflihin
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 42, No 02 (2007): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Research on enhancement of deinked pulp (DIP) freeness, is conducted by using cellulase along with polyacrylamide. The cellulase dosage varies at 0 - 0.3 %, and polyacrylamide 0 - 0.1%, based on bone dry pulp weight. Reaction time is set at 30 minutes with the temperature at 50 °C. The result showed that the improvement freeness accompanied by the improvement of tensile strength, tear resistance, and porosity, but bursting strength and whiteness slightly decrease. Optimum improvements of paper quality due to enhancement of DIP, are reached by using 0.2% cellulose and 0.05% polyacrylamide., INTISARI Penelitian ini dilakukan pada stok deinked pulp (DI) untuk meningkatkan derajat giling dengan menggunakan selulase yang dipadukan dengan poliakrilamida. Dosis selulase divariasikan pada 0-0,3% dan poliakrilamida 0-0,1%, per berat kering pulp. Sedangkan waktu reaksi ditentukan 30 menit dengan suhu reaksi 50°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kenaikan derajat giling disertai dengan peningkatan sifat ketahanan tarik, sobek, dan porositas. Sementara ketahanan retak dan derajat putih mengalami sedikit penurunan. Pada penggunaan selulase 0,2% dan poliakrilamida 0,05% kinerja DIP meningkat sedemikian sehingga kualitas kertas optimal.

LUMPUR PRIMER IPAL INDUSTRI KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU ALTERNATIF BIOETANOL Saepulloh ,; Rina S. Soetopo; Prima Besty Asthary
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 2, No 01 (2012): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Primary sludge from paper mill waste water treatment plant (WWTP) is a potential raw material for ethanol production because of its high organic content especially cellulose. This study consisted of two main stage: cellulose hydrolisis and glucose fermentation. Primary sludge was hydrolyzed using cellulase with concentration of 10, 20, and 25 FPU/g cellulose under conditions of pH 5.5 and temperature 50oC for 24, 48, 72, and 98 hours. Glucose obtained from hydrolis was fermented in optimum condition (pH 4.5 and temperature 28oC) using 10% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculum for 24, 48, 72, and 98 hours. The results showed that the optimum hydrolysis was achieved using cellulase 25 FPU within 72 hours with glucose content obtained was 1.92% and saccharification degree was 61.05%. Ethanol produced from glucose fermentation was about 0.77% and fermentation degree was 78.5%. Overall conversion yield was 46.61% and ethanol yield was 192.5 g/kg dry weight.Keywords: papermill primary sludge,cellulose, cellulase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bioethanol ABSTRAKLumpur primer dari IPAL industri kertas mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi bioetanol, karena kandungan organiknya yang tinggi terutama selulosa. Lumpur primer IPAL diperoleh dari industri kertas berbahan baku virgin pulp. Secara garis besar percobaan dilakukan dengan sistem dua tahap yaitu proses hidrolisis selulosa dan dilanjut proses fermentasi glukosa. Percobaan proses hidrolisis selulosa dilakukan pada pH 5,5 dan suhu 50oC dengan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu dosis selulase (10, 20, dan 25 FPU/g selulosa) dan lama proses hidrolisis (24, 48, 72, dan 96 jam), sedangkan percobaan proses fermentasi dilakukan terhadap glukosa hasil proses hidrolis pada kondisi optimumnya. Proses fermentasi dilakukan pada pH 4,5 dan suhu 28oC menggunakan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae sebanyak 10% dengan perlakuan lama inkubasi (24; 48; 72; 96 jam). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum proses hidrolisis diperoleh pada dosis selulase 25 FPU/g selulosa selama 72 jam, dengan kadar glukosa 1,92% dan derajat sakarifikasi 61,05%. Kadar etanol yang diperoleh dari proses fermentasi glukosa hasil hidrolisis adalah 0,77% dengan efisiensi fermentasi 78,5%. Secara keseluruhan efisiensi konversi selulosa pada lumpur primer IPAL industri kertas menjadi etanol adalah 46,61% dengan yield sebesar 192 g/kg berat kering.Kata kunci: lumpur primer industri kertas, selulosa, selulase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bioetanol

Sari Pustaka Hendro Risdianto
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 01 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

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PROSES PEMBUATAN SERAT SELULOSA BERUKURAN NANO SISAL (Agave sisalana) DAN BAMBU BETUNG (Dendrocalamus asper) Subyakto .; Euis Hermiati; Dede Heri Yuli Yanto; Fitria .; Ismail Budiman; Ismadi .; Nanang Masruchin; Bambang Subiyanto
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 44, No 02 (2009): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Lignocellulosic natural fibers originated from renewable resources such as wood and non wood (bamboo, sisal, kenaf, ramie, abaca, coconut coir, etc.) are abundantly available on the earth. These fibers can be processed further into nano size cellulose microfibrils which have diameter less than 100 nm. Nanofibers have unique characteristics such as very high strength, large surface to volume ratio and high porous mesh. So nanofibers are very promising materials to be use in composites, automotive, plup and paper, electronics, and other industries . Many methods have been developed to produce nanofibers from wood or non wood resources , basically how to fibrillate the fibers into nano size. Mostly they uses mechanical treatments using refiner, grinder, high pressure homogenizer, or other methods such as using ultrasonic or enzymatic. In this research, development process to produce cellulose nanofibers from sisal (Agave sisalana), betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) was tried, Fibers were processed to produce pulps. The pulps were processed using a stone refiner for several times. The resulted fibers were further processed in a mixer (ultra turrax) for 2 hours at speed of 24000 rpm. Fibers were observed with a Scanning Electon Miscroscope (SEM) to make sure that the diameter size was reached to nano size. Other process are treated fibers with disc refiner and processed further in high pressure homogenizer was also done. Result shown that using the above processes, nano size fibers wuth diameter less tha 100 nm could be produced. For the next research other method to pruduce nanofibers such as using ultrasonic will be conducted. Research on the utilization of nanofibers as reinforcement of composites for automotive components is going on.Keywords : nanofibers, celluloce, sisal, bamboo, mechanical treatmentsINTISARI Lignoselulosa yang berasal dari kayu dan nonkayu (bamboo, sisal, kenaf, rami, abaka, sabut kelapa, dan lain-lain) merupakan bahan yang sangat melimpah keberadaannya di muka bumi. Bahan serat ini dapat diproses lebih lanjut menjadi mikrofibril selulosa yang mempunyai diameter kurang dari 100 nm. Serat nano mempunyai sifat-sifat yang khas seperti sangat kuat , rasio permukaan terhadap volume yang besar dan sangat porous. Sifap sifap tersebut membuat serat nano merupakan bahan yang sangat menjanjikan untuk industry komposit, bahan otomotif, pulp dan kertas, elektronik, dan industry lainnya. Banyak metoda telah dikembangkan untuk memperoleh serat nano dari bahan kayu maupun nonkayu, yang pada prinsipnya adalah bagaimana menguraikan serat menjadi ukuran nano. Kebanyakan metoda yang digunakan adalah perlakuan mekanik seperti menggunakan refiner, grinder, high pressure homogenizer; gelombang ultasonik; atau metoda lain menggunakan enzim. Pada penelitian ini digunakan serat dari daun sisal (Agave sisalana) dan batang bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). Setelah proses pluping, pulp sisal atau bamboo kemudian difibrilasi dengan stone refiner. Selanjutnya, diproses lanjut menggunakan ultra turax selaman 2 jam pada kecepatan 24000 rpm. Serat yang dihasilkan dimati dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk mengetahui diameter serat sudah berukuran nano. Disamping digunakan juga disc refiner dilanjutkan dengan high pressure homogenizer untuk proses fiblirasi. Dari proses ini telah berhasil diperoleh ukuran serat bambu dan serat sisal dengan diameter lebih kecil dari 100 nm. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya akan digunakan teknik ultrasonic untuk proses fibrilasi serat. Penelitian nanofiber sebagai penguat komposit untuk aplikasi komponen otomotif sedang dilakukan.Kata kunci: serat nano, selulosa, sisal, bambu, pengolah mekanik.

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