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All Journal VALENSI Reaktor JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI BAHASA DAN SASTRA Lingua Cultura Sinergi Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences JURNAL SELULOSA Jurnal Teknik ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Warta Perkaretan Fikruna : Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan dan Kemasyarakatan Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Babakti : Journal of Community Engangement Babakti: Journal of Community Engangement
Herri Susanto
Chemical Engineering Department, Bandung Institute Of Technology
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Other

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OPTIMALISASI PERANCANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS BERBASIS WEB Susanto, Herri; Pramudiningtyas, Rizki; Mukhrianto, Muri
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Vol 14, No 2 (2014): Volume 14, Nomor 2, Oktober 2014
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v14i2.720

Abstract

The purpose of the study generally is to facilitate high school students preparation for National Test and State/private Entrance Test and specifically the purposes are 1)to increase the activity of  English learning videos through website, 2) to increase the learning activity through internet. The stages of this research consists of 5 stages such as; a) capturing English learning videos, b) creating website, c) uploading the videos to the website, d) launching the website to the third year of Bontang State Vocational School 3, and e) evaluating the website content. The results show that video learning designs is the most chosen feature(89%)  than other features on the website.   Furthermore, the questionaires reaveal that  100%  give positive responses to the website given.
Procedure Of Teaching Grammar Using Memory Enhancement Susanto, Herri
Lingua Cultura Vol 5, No 2 (2011): Lingua Cultura Vol. 5 No. 2
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/lc.v5i2.379

Abstract

Teaching grammar has been regarded as a process of understanding from the context. It means a teacher teaches the pupils contextually more than just the rules. However, I have my own experience that teaching grammar methods must depend on the purposes of learning grammar. Some people learn grammar as a means to fulfill the syllabus needs for schools but other people learn grammar for special purposes out of school syllabus, such as for entrance test. For these reasons, the methods of teaching grammar should be different. The students who learn grammar based on the school syllabus probably needs longer procedure of learning that usually uses contextual teaching through listening, speaking, writing, and reading. Nevertheless, students who learn grammar for test need shorter procedure of learning such as memorizing. Therefore, I propose giving a workshop of teaching grammar using memory enhancement as another alternative teaching grammar method. This workshop would show the class that grammar can be learnt through memory enhancement process, i.e.; mind map, music, memory technique and drill to boost up students understanding for test preparation.
Influence of Impregnation and Coprecipitation Method in Preparation of Cu/ZnO Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis Prasetyaningsih, Yusi; Hendriyana, Hendriyana; Susanto, Herri
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 48, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (789.015 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2016.48.4.6

Abstract

Cu/ZnO catalyst was succesfully prepared using a coprecipitation method. The mixing procedure of the Cu(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 and Na2CO3 solutions had an important influence on the characteristics of the catalyst. The best catalyst obtained was the one prepared with slow mixing of the salt solutions and a CuO/ZnO molar ratio of 50:50. This raw catalyst had a maximum surface area of about 61.6 m2/g. Increasing the CuO/ZnO molar ratio caused an agglomeration of precipitated particles, reducing the surface area. A much better catalyst was obtained using an impregnation method, in which g-Al2O3 was used as support. The impregnated catalyst had a surface area of about 151 m2/g. Activity tests were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor containing 1 g of catalyst and a flow of syngas at a rate of 60 mL/min. The reaction temperature was 170°C and the pressure was 20 barg. The best coprecipitated catalyst gave a CO conversion of about 10%, while the impregnated catalyst gave a CO conversion of up to 69%.
STUDY ON ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR LIME KILN IN A KRAFT PULP MILL VIA DIRECT COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION ,, Syamsudin; Susanto, Herri
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 3, No 01 (2013): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (667.128 KB) | DOI: 10.25269/jsel.v3i01.43

Abstract

Most common lime reburning kiln fuels are natural gas. Limiting gas and increasing its prices encourage pulp mills to find other types of energy resources such as coal and biomass. The use of those solid energy resources may be implemented through a direct solid combustion or via gasification process. Sludge about 95 kg/ton CaO available in the pulp mill. The sludge has a heating value of 14 MJ/kg (dry basis). The palm nut shell has a heating value of 21 MJ/kg. Coal, although it is belong to the category of non-renewable recources, has a heating value of 25 MJ/kg. In production rate of CaO about 380 ton/day, direct combustion of natural gas with sludge cake reduce the natural gas consumption by 20% and higher for coal and palm nut shell. The portion natural gas substitution is limited by the availability of sludge and the attainable combustion temperature. Portion of coal and palm nut shell may be more flexible in term of availability and energy. Depending on gasifying agents and reactor configuration, the gaseous product of gasification may have a heating value of 11 MJ/Nm3 (sludge cake), 18 MJ/Nm3 (palm nut shell), and 19 MJ/Nm3 (coal). In contrast to direct combustion of solid fuel, the gaseous product of gasification may be used with a less modification of the burner and has cleaner combustion. Co-combustion of gaseous fuel from sludge may reduce the natural gas consumption by 18% and  higher for gaseous fuel from coal and palm nut shell.Keywords: sludge cake, palm nut shell, coal, co-combustion, gasification, lime kiln  ABSTRAKBahan bakar lime kiln umumnya berupa gas alam. Keterbatasan cadangan dan peningkatan harga gas alam mendorong pabrik pulp memanfaatkan sumber energi alternatif seperti batubara dan biomassa. Bahan bakar ini dapat diimplementasikan melalui pembakaran langsung atau melalui proses gasifikasi. Lumpur sebanyak 95 kg/ton CaO merupakan biomassa yang tersedia di pabrik pulp. Lumpur ini memiliki nilai kalor 14 MJ/kg (basis kering). Cangkang sawit merupakan biomassa alternatif  dengan nilai kalor 21 MJ/kg. Batubara, meskipun termasuk sumber tidak-terbarukan, memiliki nilai kalor 25 MJ/kg. Pada produksi CaO sebesar 380 ton/hari, pembakaran langsung lumpur mengurangi konsumsi gas alam 20% dan lebih tinggi untuk batubara dan cangkang sawit. Penggantian gas alam ini dibatasi ketersediaan lumpur dan suhu pembakaran yang dicapai. Penggantian gas alam dengan batubara dan cangkang sawit lebih fleksibel dalam ketersediaan dan energi yang diperoleh. Tergantung medium gasifikasi dan konfigurasi reaktor, gas hasil gasifikasi dapat mencapai nilai kalor 11 MJ/Nm3 (lumpur kering), 18 MJ/Nm3 (cangkang sawit), dan 19 MJ/Nm3 (batubara). Berbeda dengan pembakaran langsung bahan bakar padat, gas hasil gasifikasi dapat digunakan dengan sedikit modifikasi burner dan hasil pembakaran yang lebih bersih. Pembakaran gas hasil gasifikasi lumpur dapat mengurangi konsumsi gas alam 18% dan lebih tinggi lagi untuk gas hasil gasifikasi batubara dan cangkang sawit.Kata kunci: lumpur, cangkang sawit, batubara, pembakaran, gasifikasi, lime kiln
AUDIT ENERGI DI MESIN KERTAS Dina, Sari Farah; Susanto, Herri
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 41, No 02 (2006): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.913 KB)

Abstract

Energy audit were conducted in five paper mills, namely: A B,C, D and E with different paper machine and process conditions. Mill A is relatively old  and small with a capacity of 160 ton/day of print paper. The steam consumption of mill A was 2.01 ton/ton product, which was higher than that of mill B (1.41 ton/ton). This large different steam consumption might be due to a high water content of paper entering the paper machine (up to 62.83%). A highest steam consumption up to 3.76 ton/ton product was found in Mill E having a small capacity of 38 ton/day. Besides the fact that paper machine in Mill E was old and had no hood, type of product (grammage of 284 g/m2) might also contribute to this high steam consumption. Two other mills producing corrugated paper (mills C and D: with a grammage of 115 and 125 g/m2 respectively) had steam consumptions of about 1.9 ton/ton product, within the range of 1.8 – 2.2 ton/ton reported in literature.Mill B with a capacity of 984 ton/day was the largest mill in this study. Current steam consumption of mill B of about 1.41 ton/ton of product was the lowest among the other four mills. This mill has implemented an energy conservation program. By means of reducing water content in paper entering the drying machine from 54% to 51%, the steam consumption was reduced from 1611 to 1440 ton/day. From a simple mass and heat balance, increasing water content in paper leaving paper machine from the present value of 4% to the allowable one of 5% might also give another saving of steam.  INTISARIAudit energi telah dilakukan pada lima pabrik kertas, dinamai A, B, C, D dan E, dengan berbagai kapasitas dan kondisi proses. Pabrik A memiliki kapasitas kecil, hanya 180 ton/hari dan sudah tua. Konsumsi steam pabrik ini sekitar 2,01 ton/ton kertas, jauh lebih tinggi daripada pabrik B (1,41 ton/ton). Perbedaan mencolok ini salah satunya disebabkan perbedaan kadar air dalam kertas saat masuk mesin kertas (kadar air sampai 62,83% di pabrik A). Konsumsi steam terbesar ditemui di pabrik E (3,76 ton/ton) yang memiliki kapasitas produksi kertas 38 ton/hari. Pabrik E yang sudah tua ini memproduksi kertas tebal (gramatur 284 g/m2) dan mesin kertasnya tidak dilengkapi dengan hood. Dua pabrik kertas lainnya memproduksi corrugated-paper: pabrik C dengan gramatur 115 dan pebrik D 125 g/m2. Konsumsi steam kedua pabrik ini sekitar 1,9 ton/jam, masih dalam rentang konsumsi steam 1,8 – 2,2 ton/ton kertas yang dilaporkan di beberapa pustaka. Pabrik B merupakan pabrik terbesar dengan kapasitas 984 ton/hari, telah menerapkan program-program penghematan energi. Konsumsi steam pabrik ini adalah 1,41 ton/ton produk, paling rendah di antara kelima pabrik yang ditinjau. Dengan menurunkan kadar air pada kertas sebelum masuk mesin pengering, pabrik ini dapat menghemat pemakaian steam dari 1611 menjadi 1440 ton/hari. Disamping itu perhitungan neraca massa dan energi menunjukkan masih adanya penghematan konsumsi steam jika kadar air dalam kertas keluar mesin pengering dapat dinaikkan dari kebiasaan 4% menjadi yang diijinkan 5%.
Kajian pemanfaatan arang sekam padi aktif sebagai pengolah air limbah gasifikasi Frita Yuliati; Herri Susanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 10, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2011.10.1.2

Abstract

The study of rice husk charcoal utilization as gasification waste water treatment Our laboratory works showed that activated char with a specific surface area of 145 m2/g and adsorption capacity of 1.35 mg/g could be prepared by activating rice husk char using 0.5 M of NaOH solution, at 92 oC (boiling point at atmospheric pressure) for 3 hours. Using this simple process, a cheap activated char could be produced, so that the cost of wastewater treatment might be reduced. Base on common rice mill capacity of 6 tonnes/day in north part of West Java, a production of activated char with a daily capacity of 480 kg might be expected. With assumptions of a plant life time of 8 years, an activated char price is IDR 5,000/kg, and an investment of IDR 545 millions, a production unit of activated char based on rice husk was found to be economically attractive with estimated Net Present Value of IDR 1.22 billions and Return on Investment of 27%. Keywords: Rice Husk, Activated Char, Wastewater, Phenol Adsorption, Economic Feasibility AbstrakAdsorpsi dengan arang aktif merupakan salah satu cara pengolahan air limbah yang mengandung senyawa-senyawa turunan fenol. Pemanfaatan sekam padi diharapkan dapat menghasilkan arang aktif yang murah, sehingga penggunaannya dapat mengurangi biaya operasi di dalam pengolahan air limbah industri. Prosedur pembuatan arang aktif sederhana telah dikembangkan di laboratorium, yaitu aktivasi arang sekam padi dengan larutan NaOH 0,5 M, pada titik didih atmosferik dan selama 3 jam. Arang aktif yang diperoleh memiliki luas permukaan spesifik 145 m2/g dan kapasitas adsorpsi fenol sekitar 1,35 mg/g dari air limbah gasifikasi yang mengandung fenol antara 39-44 mg/L. Laju adsorpsi fenol sesuai dengan persamaan pseudo-orde 1 Lagergren, sehingga diduga proses adsorpsi yang dominan dalam percobaan ini adalah adsorpsi fisik. Atas dasar hasil percobaan ini, sebuah unit usaha kecil/menengah diusulkan untuk dikembangkan bersamaan dengan unit penggilingan gabah yang banyak terdapat di pantai utara Jawa Barat. Unit produksi ini dirancang untuk menghasilkan arang aktif dengan kapasitas 480 kg/hari atas dasar kapasitas penggilingan gabah 30 ton/hari. Dengan asumsi umur pabrik 8 tahun, harga arang sekam aktif sebesar Rp 5.000/kg, investasi sebesar Rp 545 juta menghasilkan NPV sebesar Rp 1,22 miliar dan ROI sebesar 27%. Kata Kunci: Sekam Padi, Arang Aktif, Air Limbah, Adsorpsi Fenol, Kelayakan Ekonomi
Kajian modifikasi unit reforming pabrik amoniak pusri iii dan kajian pemanfaatan gas paduser sebagai bahan bakar pengganti gas alam di pt pupuk sriwidjaja J Junaedi; Herri Susanto; Benny Haryoso
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.5

Abstract

Study of reforming unit modification of ammonia plant Pusri iii and gas producer utilization as subtitution fuel for natural gas in PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja. This study dealt with an energy conservation program at the reforming unit in PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja, to anticipate the increase of price and possible shortage of natural gas in the nearfillure. A potential reduction of natural gas consumption was evaluated based on thermodynamic modeling and simulation. Three process modifications were studied and their performance had heen compared to the existing unit: KRES (KBR Reforming Exchanger System);  totally replace the existing primary reformer; ATR  (AutoThermal Reformer): totally replace the existing primary reformer; KRES-revamp: appending KRES on the existing unit. Compared to that of the existing reformer of 37.15 MMBtu/metric ton of NH3  the natural gas consumption in the proposed modified process are lower by 9%, 15%, and 20% in KRES-revamp, KRES. and ATR, respectively. Unfortunately, the proposed modified process produces less steam as by-product due to the decrease of waste sensible heat. Therefore, to restore the steam supply, the proposed modified process requires an additional auxiliary boiler with a capacity of 105 tons/hour for KRES-revamp, 137 tons/hour for KRES and 97  tons/hour for ATR. KRES-revamp has been considered as the most attractive modification. This modification may give an annual natural gas saving of about 8.39%. In addition based on investment aspect. KRES-revamp is very attractive due to payback period of about 10 months. The use of producer gas (produced from the gasification of coal) as a substitute of natural gas for fuel was found to be thermodynamically feasible. But a separate study shows that the producer gas price is about 5 USD/MMBtu. Thus, the use of producer gas was not attractive yet economically. Moreover, the producer gas consumption combined with natural gas is higher than natural gas only (37,26 vs. 34,86 MMBtu/metric ton of NH3 with some modifications in combustion system.Keywords: reforming unit, producer gas and energy efficiency. AbstrakSehuhungan dengan kecenderungan kenaikan harga dan ketidakpastian pasokan gas alam, PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja telah menyusun rencana penghematan konsumsi gas alam dengan modifikasi proses maupun pemanfaatan batubara sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap empat konfigurasi existing unit yang terdiri dari primary and secondary reformers, KRES yang berupa unit baru pengganti existing unit, ATR yang berupa unit baru pengganti existing unit, KRES-revamp yang menggahung KRES dengan existing unit. Secara termodinamika, teknologi produksi gas sintesis KRES-revamp, KRES. ATR terbukti lebih efisien dan dapat mengurangi konsumsi gas alam untuk pabrik amoniak berturut-turut: 9%, 15%. dan 20% dari kebutuhan gas alam untuk reformer konvensional sebesar 37,15 MMBtu/MT NH3. Walaupun efisiensi energi lebih baik, teknologi-teknologi tersebut juga   memerlukan modifikasi steam system dan mengakibatkan penambahan  auxiliary boiler dengan kapasitas berturut-turut: 105, 137, dan 97 ton/jam. Selanjutnya kajian diperdalam untuk KRES-revamp. Penerapan  KRES-revamp dengan kapasitas produksi amoniak tetap 1200 MTPD (kasus yang pertama) dapat menurunkan biaya produksi hingga 8,39%/tahun. Hanya dengan memperhatikan investasi untuk tambahan KRES dan tambahan auxilliary boiler, Payback Period diperkirakan 10 bulan. Substitusi gas alam dengan gas produser untuk saat ini kurang menarik karena menurut kajian lain harga gas hasil gasifikasi diperkirakan mencapai 5 USD/MMBtu (pada kondisi tertentu). Terlebih lagi pemanfaatan gas produser sebagai bahan bakar pengganti gas alam memerlukan beberapa modifikasi pada sistem pembakaran. Di samping itu, konsumsi total energi gabungan gas alam dan gas produser lebih tinggi daripada yang hanya gas alam (37,26 vs. 34,86 MMBtu/MT NH3.Kata kunci: Reforming unit, Gas produser, Efisiensi Energi.
Penghematan konsumsi katalis dalam proses hidrolisis tandan kosong sawit untuk produksi furfural Diyah Fadjarwaty; Herri Susanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 4, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2005.4.3.3

Abstract

One of possible utilizations of abundant agricultural solid waste such as palm oil empty fruit bunches is the conversion furfural via acid hydrolysis and followed by azeotrope distillation. With the aim to reduce the consumption of H2SO4 in the furfural production from oil palm empty fruit bunches, acid hydrolysis was accomplished using the spent acid left as the bottom product of distillation during furfural recovery. The use of spent acid could reduce the need of H2SO4 from 42 at the first cycle to 17 mL/kg at the second cycle, while the need of H2SO4 in the third cycle was 29 mL/kg. Furfural yields in these cycles were up to 16.8, 16.1 and 10.7 g/kg respectively. The use of spent acid at the fourth cycle was not effective anymore. Keywords: Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, Furfural, Acid Hydrolysis AbstrakSalah satu pemanfaatan biomassa limbah padat pertanian dan perkebunan adalah produksi furfural melalui proses hidrolisis dan distilasi azeotrop. Hidrolisis TKS (tandan kosong sawit) dilaksanakan dalam suasana asam yang umumnya dengan H2SO4 sebagai katalis. Pada operasi distilasi pengambilan furfural, H2SO4 bekas hidrolisis tertinggal bersama air sebagai produk bawah. Untuk mengurangi konsumsi H2SO4 dalam hidrolisis, produk bawah distilasi ini terbukti dapat digunakan sebagai cairan hidrolisis berulang sampai 3 kali. Pada hidrolisis dengan cairan segar, kebutuhan H2SO4 (98% teknis) adalah 42 mL/kg bahan baku. Tetapi pada hidrolisis dengan produk bawah ulangan pertama, kebutuhan H2SO4 tambahan untuk menyesuaikan pH cairan pemasak hanya 17 mL/kg TKS kering. Pada hidrolisis dengan produk bawah ulangan kedua, kebutuhan H2SO4 29 mL/kg. Perolehan furfural dari ketiga ulangan hidrolisis berturut-turut adalah 16,8; 16,1 dan 10,7 g/kg. Penggunaan produk bawah distilasi untuk hidrolisis ulangan keempat memberi hasil yang kurang memuaskan.Kata Kunci: TKS, Furfural, Hidrolisis Asam
Pemanfaatan gasifikasi batubara untuk unit pengeringan teh Ari Susandy Sanjaya; S Suhartono; Herri Susanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.6

Abstract

Coal gasification utilization for tea drying unit. Anticipating the rise of fuel oil, the management of a tea plantation and drying plant has considered to substitute its oil consumption with producer gas (gaseous fuel obtained from gasification process). A tea drying unit normally consumes 70 L/h of industrial diesel oil and is operated 10 hours per day. The gasification unit consisted of a down draft fixed bed gasifier (designed capacity of about 100 kg/h), gas cooling and cleaning systems. The gas producer was delivered to the tea processing unit and burned to heat the drying oil: Low calorific value coal (4500 kcal/kg) and wood waste (4000 kcal/kg) have been used as fuel. The gasification unit could be operated as long as 8 hours without refueled since the coal hopper on the toppart of gasifier has a capacity of 1000 kg. Sometimes, the gasification process must be stopped before coal completely consumed due to ash melting inside the gasifier. Combustion of producer gas produced a pale-blue flame, probably due to a lower calorific value of the producer gas or too much excess air. Temperature of heating-air heated by combustion of this producer gas was only up to 96 oC. To achieve the target temperature of 102 oC, a small oil burner must he operated at a rate ofabout 15 L/h. Thus the oil replacement was about 78%.Keywords:  Fuel oil, Producer gas, Downdraft gasifier, Dual fuel, Calorific value, Burner. AbstrakKenaikan harga bahan bakar minyak untuk industri pada awal 2006 telah mendorong berbagai pemikiran dan upaya pemanfaatan bahan bakar alternatif. Sebuah unit gasifikasi telah dipasang di pabrik teh sebagai penyedia bahan bakar alternatif. Unit gasifikasi tersebut terdiri dari gasifier, pendingin, pembersih gas, dan blower. Unit gasifikasi ini ditargetkan untuk dapat menggantikan konsumsi minyak bakar 70 L/jam. Gasifier dirancang untuk kapasitas 120 kg/jam batubara, dan memiliki spesifikasi sebagai berikut: downdraft gasifier; diameter tenggorokan 40 cm, diameter zona reduksi 80 cm. Bunker di bagian atas gasifier memiliki kapasitas sekitar 1000 kg batubara agar gasifier dapat dioperasikan selama 8 jam tanpa pengisian-ulang. Bahan baku gasifikasi yang telah diuji-coba adalah batuhara kalori rendah (4500 kcal/kg) dan limbah kayu (4000 kcal/kg). Gas produser (hasil gasifikasi) dibakar pada burner untuk memanaskan udara pengering teh sampai temperatur target 102 oC. Pembakaran gas produser ternyata menghasilkan api biru pucat yang mungkin disebabkan oleh rendahnya kalor bakar gas dan tingginya udara-lebih. Temperatur udara pengering hasil pemanasan dengan api gas produser hanya mencapai 96 oC. Dan untuk mencapai temperatur udara pengering 102 oC, burner gas prod user harus dibantu dengan burner minyak 15 L/jam. Jadi operasi dual fued ini dapat memberi penghematan minyak bakar 78%.Kata kunci: Minyak bakar, Gas produser, Downdraft gasifier, Dual fuel, Kalor bakar, Burner. 
UNIFAC Model for Liquid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium of Penicillin G and 6-APA System Lienda Aliwarga; Herri Susanto; Reynard Reynard; Agnes Veronica Victoria
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI Volume 5, No. 2, November 2019
Publisher : Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1466.435 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v5i2.9869

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of pH and type of solvent on liquid-liquid phase equilibrium in the system of pure penicillin G and mixed penicillin G with 6-APA. Penicillin G extraction was carried out in a pH range of 2.0–5.0 at 4 oC using several types of solvents. The liquid-liquid phase equilibrium mathematical model is prepared assuming that a single stage of thermodynamic equilibrium occurs in a batch process of liquid-liquid extraction. The coefficient of activity was calculated by the UNIFAC method. From the experiment, it was found that the extraction process of penicillin G was strongly influenced by pH of the solution. The highest yield of extraction was achieved with different solvents in the two types of solution. For pure penicillin G system, the highest yields was obtained in n-butyl acetate solvent (95.51%) while for penicillin G mixture with 6-APA, it was obtained in methyl iso-butyl ketone solvent (92.6%). The UNIFAC model have been tested against five three-component liquid-liquid phase equilibrium systems at pH 2.0 and 2.5. It was able to estimate the concentration of penicillin G in the organic phase with a relatively average error between experiment and calculation of 8.32%
Co-Authors ,, Syamsudin AA Sudharmawan, AA Abrar Riza Abrar Riza, Abrar Achmad Ali Syamsuriputra Agnes Veronica Victoria Agus Firmansyah Agus Firmansyah Aisyah Ardy Aisyah Ardy Aisyah Ardy Amry, Akhmad Ari Susandy Sanjaya, Ari Susandy Aslamiah Aslamiah Azis Trianto Benny Haryoso David Bahrin Dennie Pohan Dewi Agustina Iryani Dewi Kusuma Arti Diyah Fadjarwaty Dwi Hantoko Dwiwahdju Sasongko Dwiwahdju Sasongko, Dwiwahdju Dwiwahju Sasongko Dwiwahju Sasongko Dwiwahju Sasongko Edi Susanto Feerzet Achmad Fidyaningsih, Riastuti Frita Yuliati H Hendriyana Hendriyana Hendriyana Hendriyana, Hendriyana Hidayat, Ade Sholeh I.G.B Ngurah Makertihartha I.G.B.N. Makertihartha Idvan, Idvan Indah Retno Wulandary Indriasari, Indriasari Iskandar, M Soleh J Junaedi Jarwinda Jarwinda Jarwinda, Jarwinda Jenny Rizkiana Jenny Rizkiana Joko Waluyo Lienda Aliwarga Lienda Aliwarga Linda, Riska Sari Melia Laniwati Gunawan Mi Yan Muri Mukhrianto Nur Setianingrum Petric Marc Ruya Prasetyaningsih, Yusi Reynard Reynard Reynard Reynard Rizki Pramudiningtyas S Suhartono S Suhartono S Suhartono S. Subagjo Sari Farah Dina Satria, Arysca Wisnu Setianingrum, Nur Suhartono Sunu Herwi Pranolo Suryanet Sari Dewi Suwito Gunadarma Syamsudin Syamsudin Syamsudin Syamsudin Tobias Richards Tobias Richards Wahyu Tri Utami Wisojodharmo, Lies Yazid Bindar Yazid Bindar Yazid Bindar Yusi Prasetyaningsih