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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 20899203     EISSN : 25811991     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Environmental Science
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences (IJAS) is a scientific journal published three times a year (April, August, December). Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences publish original research results related to research in the field of natural science, covering a wide range of topics written in the field of knowledge: medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, pharmaceuticals, and other exact sciences
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 144 Documents
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HUBUNGAN STATUS INSTABILITAS MIKROSATELIT DAN EKSPRESI P53 DENGAN ETIOPATOLOGI ADENOKARSINOMA KOLOREKTAL PADA ORANG INDONESIA DI KELOMPOK USIA KURANG DARI 40 TAHUN Kiki Lukman; Brigitta M. Dewayani; Bethy S. Hernowo; Basrul Hanafi; Tri Hanggono Achmad; Suwandi Sugandi
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8084.818 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/ijas.v2i1.2730

Abstract

Epidemiologically, the percentage of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) in the age group ≤40 years old in Indonesia is higher than in the West European, North American and other developed Asian countries with different clinico-pathological features. In the afromentioned countries, the carcinogenesis pathway of this group is hereditary which show high microsatellite instability (MSI), whereas the age group >40 years old is sporadic of which show chromosomal instability (CIN) with the mutation of p53 gene. To elucidate the carcinogenesis pathway with its molecular characteristics of this group among Indonesians, a cross sectional study was conducted by performing the immunohistochemical detection of MLH1 and MSH2 expression (MSI status), and mutated p53 gene expression (CIN) in the CRC group ≤40 years old and >40 years old at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, from May 2008 until November 2009. Thirty nine CRC patients, consisting of 22 patients of  ≤40 years old and 17patients >40 years old, were eligible for this study. The CRC patients of ≤40 years old showed 4 MSI high,  1 MSI lowand 17 MSS (microsatellite stable), associated with 10 p53 positive and 12 p53 negative status. In the CRC group of >40 years old, there was no MSI high, but 4 MSI low and 13 MSS were found, associated with 11 p53positive and 6 p53negative status. There was no significant difference with regards to the association between MSI status and p53 expression in both groups (p MSI=0.95, p p53=0.23).
PERSISTENSI HERBISIDA METOLACHLOR DAN PENDIMETHALIN PADA TANAH BERBEDA KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK Baidhawi Baidhawi
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 4, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5571.752 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/.v4i2.16807

Abstract

AbstractThe experiment was conducted at glasshouse owned by Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia from June until August 2012. The objective of this experiment was to determine the persistence of metolachlor pendimethalin herbicide in four different soils (ultisol jatinangor I, II, III and compost) organic matter content using bioassay tecnhnique. The design experiment used was complete block design with factorial pattern. There were three factors. The first factor was dose of pendimethalin herbicide: 0.00, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 kg ai ha-1. The second factor was soil organic matter content: 1.9, 4.40, 5.98, 6.24, and 12.4 %. The third faktor was type of herbicide (metolachlor and pendimethalin). Cucumber was used as a test crop. The dry weights of cucumber were used as parameter to detect the residue of pendimethalin in soils. There was a interaction between the dose of pendimethalin and soil organic matter contents. The treatment combination of 0,75 a.i ha-1 and soil with 12,4% organic matter content showed the lowest persistence of pendimethalin in soil, whereas the highest persistence of pendimethalin was with the treatment combination of 2.25 a.i ha-1 and soil with 1.9% organic matter content.Keywords: Pendimethalin, organic matter, bioassay, cucumber, HPLC
Karakteristik Biji Sorgum Putih Varietas Lokal Bandung yang Berhubungan dengan Penyosohan Een Sukarminah
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 5, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7418.038 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/ijas.v5i1.16648

Abstract

AbstrakPenyosohan biji sorgum yang effektif memerlukan informasi tentang sifat-sifat biji jenis sorgum tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh beberapa karakteristik fisik dan kimia biji sorgum varietas lokal Bandung yang memengaruhi proses penyosohan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan jumlah ulangan 3 sampai 30 tergantung dari parameter  yang diukur. Semua pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak. Sampel biji sorgum yang dipakai adalah yang tertahan pada saringan 6 dan 7 mesh. Karakteristik fisik biji sorgum tertahan pada saringan 6 mesh : biji berukuran besar  (4,54 x 4,32 x  2,64  mm),  bentuk biji bulat  (sperisitas 0,82). Warna biji  : abu-abu kuning kecoklatan (L*54,25,  a* -1,71 dan b* 17,60) dengan hilum agak besar berwarna hitam kecoklatan. Kekerasan biji (Kiya Hardness Tester) 7,73 kg  atau  keras. Ketebalan perikarp sebesar 0,18 mm yang  lebih tipis dari biji tertahan saringan 7 mesh. Persentase endosperma corneous : 57,03% atau  tipe endosperma 5 (keras).  Bobot 1000 butir biji 36,08 g, densitas kamba 0,74  (g/cm3),  densitas partikel 1,26 (g/cm3). Komposisi kimia biji terdiri dari : air 11,88% (bk), pati 83,45% (bk), protein 11,60% (bk), lemak 3,13% (bk), serat kasar 5,79% (bk), abu 3,13% (bk) dan karbohidrat 82, 05% (bk). Karakteristik fisik biji sorgum tertahan saringan 7 mesh : ukuran biji  (3,90 x 3,65 x 2,37 mm ),  bentuk  biji bulat  (sperisitas 0,83). Warna biji:  abu-abu kuning kecoklatan (L* 57,08,  a*-2,51,  b* 21,21) kusam dengan hilum yang hitam. Kekerasan biji 6,49 kg atau keras, perikarp tebal (0,20 mm). Persentase endosperma corneous 35,94% atau tipe  endosperma 7 (lunak).  Bobot 1000 butir  25,73 g, densitas kamba 0,73 (g/cm3), densitas partikel 1,26 (g/cm3). Komposisi kimia biji terdiri dari : air 10,94% (bk), pati 81,68% (bk), protein 11,33% (bk), lemak 3,34% (bk), serat kasar 3,63% (bk), abu 2,01% (bk)  dan karbohidrat 83, 29% (bk)Kata kunci : sorgum berbiji putih dan  karakteristik biji  sorgumAbstractProper sorghum grain decortication requires information about sorghum grain characteristics. The purpose of this research is to obtain physical and chemical decortication characteristics of Bandung  Local Variety of White Sorghum Grain. This research uses descriptive method with 3-30 replications depending on the parameter tested. All samples are taken randomly. Seed  characteristics of the Local White Sorghum retained on 6 mesh sieve were as follows : large kernel, respectively 4.54 x 4.32 x 2.64 mm; round-shape (sphericity 0.82) ; brown-yellowish gray (L*54, a*-1.71, b*17.60) colored seedcoat with brownish-black hilum.  Grain hardness 7. plastik 73 kg (Kiya Hardness Tester) or hard. Thick pericarp (0.18 mm), corneousness 57.03% or endospermhardness type 5  (hard). Grain weight 36.08 g, bulk density 0.74 (g/cm3) and specific density 1.26 (g/cm3). Grain composition : moisture 11.88% (db), starch 83.45% (db), protein 11.60% (db), crude fiber 5.79% (db), ash 3.13% (db) and carbohydrate 82.05% (db). Seed characteristics of Bandung Local Variety White Sorghum retained on 7 mesh sieve were as follows : large kernel, resfectively: 3.90 x 3.65 x 2.37 mm; round shape (sphericity 0.83); brown-yellowish gray (L*57.08, a*-2.51, b*21.21) colored seedcoat with black hilum, grain hardness 6.49 kg (Kiya Hardness Tester) or hard; thick pericarp (0.20 mm) than grains retained  in 6 mesh sieves; corneousness 35.94% or endosperm hardness type 7 (soft endosperm), grain weight (g/1000) 25.73; bulk density 0.73 (g/cm3) and specific density 1.26 (g/cm3). Grain composition : moisture 11.94% (db), starch 81.68% (db), protein  11.38% (db), fat 3.34% (db),  crude fiber 3.63% (db), ash 2.01% (db) and carbohydrate 83.29% (db).Key words : white sorghum and sorghum grain characteristics
HUBUNGAN PENURUNAN TULANG ALVEOLAR DAN PENIPISAN TULANG KORTIKAL MANDIBULA PADA PENDERITA PERIODONTITIS DISERTAI DIABETES MILITUS TIPE-2 MENGGUNAKAN RADIOGRAFI CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAFI-3D Lusi Epsilawati
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 2, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (129.365 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/ijas.v2i2.2739

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, which are the characteristics characterized by high levels of sugar in the body. Based on the studies that have been made, the decline in density is one complication that occurs in this disease. Decrease in bone density is thought to cause the resorption on alveolar bone and thinning of the cortical bone. Even resorption the alveolar bone is heavily influenced by local factors such as the condition of periodontal tissue inflammation (periodontitis) does not mean that systemic factors do not influence. The cortical bone thinning influence of systemic factors is quite large. Effect of systemic and local causes bone damage, so it needs to be extent, to show the relationship between the decrease in alveolar bone and the cortical bone thinning. The aims of this study are analyze the relationship between the decrease in alveolar bone and mandible cortical bone inpatient's periodontitis with type-2 diabetes mellitus by the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT-3D). This type of this research is the analytical description of the sample derived from the radiographs CBCT-3D of patient's periodontitis with type-2 diabetes mellitus, who visited the RSGM FKG Unpad of 2 January 2010 - May 30, 2011, with specified criteria of sample and obtained 21 data. Region of the research performed on patients with the mandible alveolar and cortical bone which is divided into 10 regional sections. Analyzes were conducted in two stages. The first analysis with multiple regression analysis in which all three variables were measured simultaneously and the second with a partial regression analysis in which all three variables are calculated separately. Results of the study found a decrease in alveolar bone substantial in region anterior by sagital viuw and coronal. The maximum value of the alveolar resorption is in the left anterior region with a large range from 4.51 to 4.99 mm from sagital and 5.2 to 5.7 mm from the coronal. The thinning of the mandible cortical bone thinning ranged from 0.59 to 0.62 mm. Between the decrease in alveolar bone of the thinning in cortical bone significant in the posterior it's shown in the region M2, 3 and M1, while for other regions like's regions P, C and I did not show significance.
KARAKTERISASI DAN KEKERABATAN JANGGOT KAI (Usnea spp.) DI PRIANGAN IIN SUPARTINAH NOER; ASENG RAMLAN; ANAS SUBARNAS; ENDANG SUTEDJA
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8749.863 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/.v3i2.16833

Abstract

ANALISIS WATER FOOTPRINT PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI (STUDI KASUS DI KELOMPOK PETERNAK DESA MARGAMUKTI) - Water Footprint Analysis of Milk Cow Production (Case Study at the Farmer Groups of Margamukti Village) Peni Faridah Khaerani
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 4, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6970.561 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/ijas.v4i1.16688

Abstract

AbstrakKebutuhan akan susu semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan jumlah penduduk, tingkat pendapatan, dan selera masyarakat. Dengan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan akan susu, permintaan akan populasi sapi perah pun akan meningkat pula. Konsumsi produk hewani berkontribusi lebih dari seperempat water footprint manusia. Air yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan pakan merupakan faktor utama di balik water footprint produk hewani Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran water footprint dalam produksi susu sapi serta untuk merumuskan upaya-upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengurangi besarnya water footprint produksi susu sapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dominant kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, pengukuran langsung dan wawancara semi-terstruktur pada setiap tahap budidaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, nilai water footprint  produksi susu sapi adalah 606,88 m3/ton, dengan nilai masing-masing komponennya adalah 233,0 m3/ton untuk green water, 178,1 m3/ton untuk blue water serta 195,78 m3/ton untuk grey water. Upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi water footprint produksi susu sapi : dengan meningkatkan produktivitas air pada tahap budidaya rumput gajah serta melakukan pengolahan limbah dan menerapkan  metode livestock integrated farming pada tahap budidaya ternak sapi perah.Kata Kunci : Water footprint, produksi susu sapi, upaya-upaya untuk mengurangi water footprintAbstractThe need for milk is increasing in line with population growth, income levels, and public taste. With the increasing demand for milk, dairy cow population demand will increase as well. Consumption of animal products contribute more than a quarter of the human water footprint. Water needed to produce food is a major factor behind the water footprint of animal products This study aims to determine the amount of water footprint in cow milk production as well as to formulate measures that can be done to reduce the amount of water footprint of milk production of cows. This study uses a quantitative dominant qualitative research design. Data were collected through observation, direct measurement  and semi-structured interviews at each stage of cultivation. The results showed that, the value of milk production water footprint is 606.88 m3/ton, with the value of each component is 233,0 m3/ton for green water, 178,1 m3/ton  for blue water and 195.78 m3/ton for grey water. Efforts that can be done to reduce the water footprint of milk production : increasing the productivity of water at the stage of elephant grass cultivation and doing the waste water treatment and apply livestock integrated farming method in dairy cattle farming stage.Keywords: Water footprint, milk production, efforts to reduce the water footprint
Senyawa Damara-20,24-dien-3-on yang beraktivitas Sitotoksis terhadap Sel Mcf-7 dari Kulit Batang Chisocheton Marcrophyllus (Meliaceae) Nurlelasari Nurlelasari; Nurabi Ferdiana; Subekti Mauluddin; Desi Harneti; Moelyono Moektiwardoyo; Rizky Abdullah; Unang Supratman; Khalijah Awang
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 5, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7656.348 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/ijas.v5i3.15062

Abstract

AbstrakSenyawa triterpenoid damaran, damara-20,24-dien-3-on telah diisolasi dari kulit batang Chisocheton Marcrophyllus (Meliaceae). Struktur kimia kedua senyawa tersebut telah ditetapkan berdasarkan data spektroskopi dan perbandingan data spektra yang diperoleh dari literatur. Senyawa damara-20,24-dien-3-on menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara manusia MCF-7 dengan nilai IC50 28 mM.Kata Kunci : aktivitas sitotoksik, sel MCF-7, triterpenoid damaran, Chisocheton Marcrophyllus,  MeliaceaeAbstractDammarane triterpenoid, damara-20,24-dien-3-on has been isolated from the bark of Chisocheton Marcrophyllus (Meliaceae). Chemical Structure of compound was dtermined on the basic of spektroscopic data and comparison with those spectra data previously reported. Compound damara-20,24-dien-3-on exhibited cytotoxic activity againts MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines with IC50 value 28 mM respectively.Kata Kunci : cytotoxic activity, MCF-7 cell, dammarane triterpenoid, Chisocheton Marcrophyllus,  Meliaceae
Peningkatan Hasil dan Kualitas Pakan Hijauan Melalui Pemupukan Molibdenum pada Pertanaman Campuran Rumput dan Legum Iin Susilawati; Dedeh Hudaya Arif; Harun Djuned
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 1, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijas.v1i3.1875

Abstract

Experiment was conducted in the field  experiments Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from January 2010 until January 2011, to assess the fertilizing influence of molybdenum and various types of legumes to yield and quality of forage crops on various types of legumes mixed cropping with Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). A Randomized Block Design using a  factorial pattern group with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor consistsed of three legume species  (Kudzu, Kalopo, and mix Kudzu with Kalopo), while the second factor was molybdenum fertilizer, 4 level: 0,3,6 and 9 g (kg seed) -1. The results of statistical analysis showed that  legume species was significantly affected yield and quality of forage crops, while the molybdenum did not significantly effected the yield and quality of forage crops.****Percobaan dilaksanakan  di lahan penelitian Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran,Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemupukan molibdenum dan berbagai jenis legum terhadap hasil dan kualitas pakan hijauan pada pertanaman campuran berbagai jenis legum dengan rumput Benggala (Panicum maximum). Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama jenis legum terdiri atas 3 macam (Kudzu, Kalopo dan campuran Kudzu dan Kalopo), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah dosis molibdenum, 4 taraf: 0,3,6 dan 9 g kg-1 benih. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa jenis legum berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil dan kualitas pakan hijauan, sedangkan molibdenum berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap hasil dan kualitas pakan hijauanan.
PERAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI DAUN RASAMALA (Altingia Excelsa Nornha) SEBAGAI PENGHAMBAT SIKLUS SEL DAN INDUKSI APOPTOSIS SEL KANKER LIDAH MANUSIA IN VITRO Risyandi Anwar; Arlette Setiawan; Unang Supratman; Supriatno Supriatno
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5775.563 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/ijas.v5i2.16662

Abstract

AbstrakKanker lidah merupakan suatu keganasan yang sering terjadi pada rongga mulut dan  merupakan penyakit dengan karakteristik pertumbuhan sel yang agresif, dengan prognosis buruk, dan seringkali menimbulkan kematian. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perawatan yang cepat, tepat, efektif dengan efek samping minimal. Pengobatan herbal merupakan salah satu jawabannya karena metabolit sekunder dari bahan alam telah diakui mempunyai potensi sebagai antikanker. Tumbuhan famili Hammamedaceae sudah banyak diteliti dan menghasilkan senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Pada penelitian ini metabolit sekunder tumbuhan Rasamala (Altingia excelsa Nornha) yang merupakan salah satu tumbuhan famili Hammamelidaceae diinkubasi dengan kanker lidah manusia (SP-C1). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan metabolit sekunder dari daun Rasamala, menguji aktivitasnya sebagai penghambat siklus sel melalui hambatan siklus sel, penekanan ekspresi proto-onkogen c-myc, dan induksi apoptosis dengan jalan meningkatkan aktivitas proteolitik kaspase-8 dan kaspase-9.  Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara eksperimental laboratorik menggunakan sel kanker lidah manusia SP-C1. Daun kering Rasamala diekstraksi dengan metanol pada temperatur kamar dan ekstrak metanol yang diperoleh diuapkan pelarutnya pada tekanan rendah dihasilkan ekstrak metanol pekat (254 g). Ekstrak metanol pekat dilarutkan dengan air dan dipartisi berturutturut dengan n-heksana dan etil asetat. Semua ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji aktivitas antiproliferasi terhadap sel kanker lidah SPC1 secara in vitro, dan ekstrak etil asetat menunjukkan aktivitas anti proliferasi yang tertinggi. Ekstrak etil asetat dipisahkan senyawa metabolit sekundernya dengan berbagai teknik kromatografi yang dipandu dengan uji antiproliferasi dihasilkan senyawa 1-5. Struktur kimia senyawa 1-5 diidentifikasikan berdasarkan metode spektroskopi meliputi UV-Vis, IR, 1H NMR, dan 13C NMR dan diidentifikasikan sebagai asam-3,4-dihidroksi benzoat (1), asam galat (2), apigenin (3), kaempferol (4), dan kuersetin (5). Senyawa 1-5 diuji aktivitas antiproliferasi terhadap sel kanker lidah SP-C1 dan menunjukkan nilai IC50 berturutturut  100,  100,  100, 0,72 dan 0,70 mg/mL. Analisis pertumbuhan sel menggunakan MTT assay dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh metabolit sekunder dari daun Rasamala terhadap pertumbuhan sel SP-C1. Analisis Flowcytometri dilakukan untuk melihat hambatan siklus sel SP-C1 yang diberi perlakuan kaempferol (4) dan kuersetin (5). Pengujian apoptosis dilakukan melalui analisis aktivitas kaspase-8 dan kaspase-9.  Penekanan ekspresi protein c-myc dilakukan melalui analisis Western blotting. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANACOVA, Tukey HSD dengan tingkat kemaknaan α=0,05. Kaempferol (4) dan kuersetin (5) menghambat siklus sel pada fase G0-G1 dengan cara menekan ekspresi c-myc dan meningkatkan apoptosis dengan cara meningkatkan aktivitas kaspase-8 dan kaspase-9. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metabolit sekunder dari daun Rasamala, yaitu kaempferol (4) dan kuersetin (5) memiliki aktivitas sebagai antikanker lidah manusia SP-C1 melalui hambatan siklus sel, menekan ekspresi c-myc dan menginduksi apoptosis...Kata kunci: Altingia excelsa, siklus sel, sel kanker lidah SP-C1, apoptosis, kaempferol, kuersetin.AbstractTongue cancer is a common malignant in the oral cavity and it has characterized with the aggressive cell growth, poor prognosis and often treated of life. For that reason, effective treatment with minimum side effect, accurate and easy to be found are needed. Herbal medicine is one of the answer because its secondary matabolities are believed to have an anticancer activity. Anticancer activity of Hammamelidaceae family has been reported. In the present study, secondary matabolities of Rasamala leaves (Altingia excelsa Nornha) is one of plant belongs to Hammamelidaceae family, was incubated within the human oral tongue cancer cell (SP-C1). The aims of study were to identify the secondary matabolities of Rasamala leaves, to examine the secondary matabolities of Rasamala leaves toward SP-C1 cell growth inhibition through analysis of cell cycle arrest, suppression of proto-oncogen c-myc expression, and induction of apoptosis via increased proteolityc activity of caspase-8 and -9. True experimental laboratories design using SP-C1 oral tongue cancer cell line was used. The dried leaves of Rasamala was extracted with methanol at room temperature and evaporated at reduced pressure resulting concentrated methanol extract (254 g). The concentrated methanol extract was dissolved in water and successively partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. All of the extracts was tested on their antiproliferative activity against tongue cancer cells SP-C1 in vitro, and the ethyl acetate extracts showed strongest antiproliferative activity. The ethyl acetate extract was separated their secondary metabolites by various chromatographic techniques guided by antiproliferasi activity to yield compounds 1-5. The chemical structure of compounds 1-5 were identified by spectroscopic methods including UV-Vis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and identified as 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (1), gallic acid (2), apigenin (3), kaempferol (4), and quercetin (5). Compounds 1-5 were tested on their antiproliferative activity against cancer cells tongue SP-C1 and showed IC50 values of > 100, > 100, > 100, 0.72 and 0.70 mg/mL, respectively. Cell growth analysis using MTT assay was performed to examine the effect of  secondary metabolities of Rasamala leaves toward SPC1 cell growth. Flowcytometry analysis was delivered to test the cell cycle arrest of SP-C1 cell treated by kaempferol (4) and quercetin (5). Apoptosis assay was confirmed by caspase-8 and -9. The suppression of c-myc protein was done by Western blotting analysis. Data analysis using ANACOVA assay, Tukey HSD with the level of significance α=0.05. Kaempferol (4) and quercetine (5) were markedly induced the cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase through the suppression of c-myc expression and increased apoptosis via up-regulation of caspase-8 and -9. In conclusion, secondary metabolites of Rasamala leaves, kaempferol (4) and quercetin (5) have a strong anticancer activity in human oral tongue cancer SP-C1 through induction of cell cycle arrest, suppression of c-mcy protein expression and induction of apoptosis.Keywords: Altingia excelsa, cell cycle, human oral tongue cancer SP-C1, apoptosis, kaempferol, quercetin.
ANALISIS NATRIUM DALAM AIR LAUT DI SEKITAR PESISIR PANTAI PAPUA DENGAN METODE SPEKTROSKOPI SERAPAN ATOM Yoice Martina Paweka
Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1000.871 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/ijas.v7i2.14987

Abstract

Menurut Kementerian Perikanan dan Kelautan pada tahun 2014, luas lahan garam di Indonesia adalah 28.556 ha. Kebutuhan garam per tahun sekitar 3,5 juta ton sehingga untuk menutupi kebutuhan dilakukan impor garam dari beberapa negara. Propinsi Papua terletak pada koordinat 130 - 140 BT dan 9,0 - 10,45 LS dengan garis pantai sepanjang 1.170 mil laut.  Air laut mengandung 86% natrium klorida (NaCl). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan secara eksperimental di laboratorium dengan menggunakan instrumen spektrofotometer serapan atom (SSA) karena selektif, spesifik, sensitivitas tinggi dalam kisaran ppm sampai ppb. Hasil kadar natrium dari air laut pada tujuh lokasi pantai di propinsi Papua sebagai berikut: pantai Kali Maro Onggalie Merauke 87,4 ± 1 ppm, pantai Lampu Satu Merauke  112 ± 0,6 ppm, pantai Payum Merauke 103,2 ± 0,6 ppm, pantai Pasir Dua Jayapura 91,3 ± 1,7 ppm, patai Ria Base G Jayapura 88,3 ± 0 ppm, pantai Dok II Jayapura 88,7 ± 1,5 ppm dan pantai Hamadi Jayapura 106,4 ± 2 ppm. Rentang hasil kadar natrium antara 88,3 ± 0 ppm sampai 112 ± 0,6 ppm. Disimpulkan bahwa kadar natrium dari pesisir pantai Papua dapat berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan baku garam farmasi.

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