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Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Enerlink
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Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

ISSN : 02169541 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Energy

Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 322 Documents

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PENGARUH TKDN PADA BIAYA PEMBANGKITAN LISTRIK PANAS BUMI SKALA KECIL Nurrohim, Agus
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Indonesia mempunyai potensi sumberdaya panas bumi sebesar 28.994 Mega Watt (MW) atau sekitar40% dari potensi panas bumi dunia. Namun baru 1.343,5 MW atau sekitar 4,7% dari potensi tersebutyang dimanfaatakan. Selain faktor non teknis seperti masalah status lahan dan perijinan, faktorkeekonomian merupakan salah satu kendala pengembangan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi(PLTP) di Indonesia. Guna mendorong pemanfaatan energi panas bumi secara maksimal, BadanPengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) bekerja sama dengan beberapa industri manufakturkomponen pembangkit listrik berupaya meningkatkan Tingkat Kandungan Dalam Negeri (TKDN)melalui pembangunan prototipe PLTP tipe Condensing 3 MW. PLTP hasil rancangan BPPT danindustri manufaktur tersebut telah mampu meningkatkan TKDN dari 42,00% (target pemerintah)menjadi 63,15% atau meningkat sebesar 21,15%. Dengan adanya peningkatan tersebut akan dapatmenurunkan biaya investasi sebesar 8,95% dan biaya pembangkitan listrik sebesar 7,36%. Selainmenurunkan biaya investasi dan biaya pembangkitan listrik, secara tidak langsung peningkatan TKDNakan memberi multiplier efek yang besar bagi pertumbuhan industri, khususnya industri kecil danmenengah.Kata kunci: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP), industri manufaktur, Tingkat Kandungan Dalam Neger (TKDN), biaya investasi, biaya pembangkitan

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BANKO COAL LIQUEFACTION Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil kajian financial dan dampak ekonomi makropembangunan pabrik komersial pencairan batubara Banko di Tanjung Enim,Sumatera Selatan dengan kapasitas total 12,000 t/d dry-ash free coal (daf).Kajian financial meliputi evaluasi proyek total (total investasi) IRR, NPV PaybackPeriod dan profitabilitas proyek dilihat dari kemampuan untuk pengembalianhutang dan dividen.. Manfaat ekonomi makro pabrik dikaji berdasarkan potensiekonomi ditinjau dari penghematan devisa, total pajak korporat, penggunaansumber daya alam, kesempatan kerja, iklim investasi, dan kontribusi terhadappengembangan masyarakat. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kontibusi devisatotal gross dari proyek selama tahun 2011-2035 dan penghematan devisanyaadalah sebesar USD24,883 juta and USD 20,830 juta. Selain itu disimpulkanbahwa minyak dari hasil pencairan batubara mampu menghemat pemakaiandevisa yang seharusnya digunakan impor minyak. Besar substitusi pasar olehminyak batubara mencapai 84juta barel atau setara dengan USD3.696juta.Keywords: batubara Banko, pencairan, biaya proyek, total investasi, profitablitas

KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK PRODUK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA MUDA DARI LATI, KALIMANTAN TIMUR Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Liquefied coal contains of higher aromatic compound, nitrogen, oxygen andsmaller amount of sulfur compared to petroleum fuel oil. These componentscauses gum/sludge formation which disturbs product stability duringtransportation and storage. High aromatic content lowers the cetane number ofliquefied coal oil. The study suggests that the catalytic hydrotreating of liquefiedcoal oil produced from Lati coal liquefaction can reduce the amount of S, O, andN heteroatom significantly. Gas oil fraction derived from Lati coal has a cetaneindex = 38.6, while the octane number of naphtha is expected to be higher than95 through catalytic reforming. In general, it can be concluded that synthetic fueloil derived from Lati coal has the qualification as transportation fuel oil throughthe application of Improved BCL Process.Kata Kunci: limonite catalyst, coal liquefaction, catalytic hydrotreating, liquefiedcoal oil, gas oil fraction, cetane index, octaen number

OPTIMASI DESAIN SISTEM ALIRAN MEDIA PENGERING PUPUK SRF 10.000 TON/TAHUN Helios, M. Penta; Teguh P, Bambang
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Pabrik pupuk SRF kapasitas 10.000 ton/tahun berlokasi di Kabupaten Bantaeng, merupakan pilot plant percontohan bagi sektor pertanian di Indonesia. Sistem pengering terdiri 3 rotary dryer (RD). RD I dan II berfungsi sebagai pengering sedangkan RD III sebagai pengkondisian produk sampai kondisi atmosferik. Sistem pengering dirancang untuk menurunkan kadar air dari 8,18% menjadi 1,87%. Sejak pabrik dibangun, sistem belum beroperasi optimal sehingga kualitas produk sesuai desain belum dicapai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengoptimasi desain termal sistem pengering agar menghasilkan produk sesuai desain dan hemat energi. Optimisasi dilakukan dengan mengganti bahan bakar kerosin menjadi solar, pemasukan udara tersier secara siklon, dan pemasangan pengaduk dengan kemiringan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menghitung kesetimbangan panas dan massa di dalam sistem dan simulasi aliran media pengering menggunakan perangkat lunak CFD. Hasil perhitungan mengindikasikan agar sistem pengering bekerja optimal, RD I dan RD II memerlukan suplai udara tersier masing-masing sebesar 8004,23 kg/jam dan 6171,29 kg/jam, dan konsumsi solar masingmasing 13,1 kg/jam dan 14,3 kg/jam. Aliran masuk media pengering melalui cyclone-nozzle menghasilkan profil aliran yang berpusar sepanjang pengering, yang akan menghasilkanproses pengeringan lebih efektif, dan terbukti aman terhadap kondensasi uap air pada sisi keluar.Kata kunci: pupuk SRF, rotary dryer, desain, simulasi, optimasi, CFD

PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO DAN YALLOURN SEBAGAI EFEK DARI PERUBAHAN SUPLAI HIDROGEN Artanto, Yuli; Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A comparison of liquefaction characteristic of two brown coals (South Banko andYallourn coals) was studied. A 5L autoclave batch reactor was used under thecondition with temperature at 450 oC , reaction holding time 60 minutes. Theinitial hydrogen pressure was varied to compare the effect of different reactionpressure on the product perolehans. The oil yield for Banko Selatan and Yallournincreased 6% and 18%, respectively, by increasing initial hydrogen pressurefrom 10 MPa to 15 MPa. However in accordance with increasing pressure from15 MPa to 20 MPa, the yield did not change remarkably. On the other hand, theCLB perolehan was significantly decreased for both coals when the pressure wasincreased from 10 to 15MPa. Moreover, the CLB yield was abruptly decreasedwhen the hydrogen pressure drastically change to 20Mpa. It was found that theincreasing reaction pressure only affected to the yield of hydrocarbon gas slightlybut remarkably influenced the CO and CO2 gas production for Yallourn coal butnot for South Banko coal.Kata Kunci: coal liquefaction, south banko coal, yallourn coal, oil yield

EFEK GAYA ANTAR PARTIKEL DAN DIAMETER PARTIKEL TERHADAP KECEPATAN MINIMUM FLUIDISASI Febijanto, Irhan
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

In this study, the effect of diameter particle and the effect of inter-particlecohesion force due to liquid bridge formation on the minimum fluidization velocityin the fluidized bed have investigated. Also the effect of inter-particle cohesionforce on a fluidization condition of the bed has observed by video camera. Theinvestigation results showed bigger diameter can give higher minimumfluidization velocity, and stronger inter-particle force can give higher minimumfluidization velocity, and then make a quality of fluidization of bed lower. Usingwith this investigation results, the mechanism of fouling and slaggingphenomena, which are happen in the coal-fired boiler can be explained.Kata kunci: fluidized bed, minimum fluidization velocity, particle diameter,relative humidity, inter-particle cohesion force

PEMANFAATAN TUNGKU BERBAHAN BAKAR LPG DAN MODIFIKASI RUANG BAKAR UNTUK PEMBAKARAN KERAMIK UKIR BERGLASIR Effendi, M. Dachyar
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A downdraft kiln using LPG as energy source with capacity 1 m3 and maximumfiring temperature 13000C has been constructed and midified to give better heatdistribution. For firing ceramic process, most of Balinese and Lombok craftsmenuse firewood as energy source. This method is inefficient from the production rate.Point of view, downdraft kiln can help the craftsmen to process ceramic easier,faster and cheaper. Downdraft kiln using LPG has been selected as an alternativekiln due to minimum pollutant produced compare with updraft kiln using coal orfirewood. The kiln constructed has fulfilled the requirement of kiln firing processquality in which the firing causes sintering process in the ceramics body. The kilnwith a capacity of 1m3 can reach a maximum firing temperature which of 13000C.To test this modified kiln, some carved ceramic has burned into the kiln. Carvedceramic has been chosen caused by need more good heat distribution than otherceramic design product and have differ thickennes in all bodies.The final productgive a better product whithout defect compare to product burned into unmodifiedkilnKata kunci: tungku hemat energi, keramik ukir, stoneware

PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN Artanto, Yuli; Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Investigation of Limonite for catalyst on South Banko coal liquefaction werecarried out under standard condition which has developed by BPPT.Limonite Soroako is a natural mineral that found at Nickel Mining onSoroako, South Sulawesi. Four samples of limonite was examined using 5Lautoclave at our coal liquefaction laboratory in order to investigate theisactivities to produce high distillate yield at standard condition (450oC, 9MPacold H2). The results showed that limonite SYY-E-MY gave a higher distillateyield than those of other limonite (difference about 10-30%daf coal or%bkta). Further investigations were conducted to compare with othercatalysts: synthetic g ?FeOOH and pyrite (FeS2). Again, the activity of limonitS99-E-MY was still superior compared to those of synthetic and pyritecatalysts. The yield difference was about 10-16%daf coal or %bkta).Experiment revealed that the factor of FeOOH critically affected the coalliquefaction reaction to improve the distillate yield and to reduce CLB yield.Besides, the representative of Co metal in the limonite (?5-10 %bk) couldgive synergism effect with FeOOH to improve the activity of limonite.

KOMPARASI KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DAN YALLOURN AKIBAT PERUBAHAN TEMPERATUR Artanto, Yuli; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A coal liqueafaction test was carried out to investigate the reactivity of anIndonesian brown coal, called South Banko, and an Australian brown coal, calledYallourn. The liquefaction reaction was conducted to ascertain the effect ofreaction temperature on the reactivity of both brown coals and it represents onthe oil, CLB, CO+CO2 and C1~C4 yields. The result shows that South Banko coalis more reactive than Yallourn coal. South Banko coal gives a higher oil yieldthan that of Yallourn. Oil derived from South Banko coal increases as reactiontemperature rises. In contrast, oil derived from Yallourn decreased as reactiontemperature increased. This result indicated that South Banko has more labilestructure than that of Yallourn and it can easily break down the structure of SouthBanko coal. In term of hydrocarbon gas, Yallourn produces higher yield than thatof South Banko. This suggests that Yallourn coal has alkyl groups in its structure.It was also found that CO+CO2 yields are similar to both brown coals. SouthBanko has less CLB yield than that of Yallourn but the CLB yield of South Bankocoal is higher than that of Yallourn while temperature is increased to 470oC. Inshort, the study shows that South Banko coal is more reactive than that ofYallourn coal and it is very potential for the coal liquefaction feedstock.Kata kunci: batubara muda, Banko Selatan, Yallourn, distillate yield, CLB,CO+CO2,C1-C4, feedstock

EVALUASI HATE RATE DAN EFISIENSI SUATU PLTU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BATUBARA YANG BERBEDA DARI SPESIFIKASI DESIGN Aziz, Amiral; Hasan, Andi Rinaldi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Tulisan ini menampilkan beberapa hasil penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi hate rate dan efisiensi PLTU batubara berkapasitas 300 MW yang menggunakan spesifikasi batubara yang berbeda dari spesifikasi rancangan setelah beroprasi sekitar dua tahun. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa efisiensi boiler (HHV basis) pada pengujian aktual 100% LRC mengalami penurunan sebesar 3,25% dan pada pengujian dengan komposisi 50% LRC dan 50% MRC mengalami mengalami penurunan sebesar 2,91% dibandingkan dengan hasil komisioning. Kehilngan panas karena gas buang kering, kandungan air dalam bahan bakar dan pembakaran hidrogen memberikan kontrobusi yang besar terhadap penurunan efisiensi boiler dibandingkan dengan hasil komisioning. Pada beban maksimun, turbine hate rate pada 2 (dua) pengujian aktual 100% LRC masing-masing sebesar 1.994, 67 kcal/kWh dan 1.918,55 kcal/kWh, sedangkan pada pengujian dengan komposisi 50% LRC dan 50% MRC turbine hate rate adalah 1.977,52 kcal/kWh. Nilai tersebut lebih rendah 4,47% dan 3,78% untuk pengujian aktual 100% LRC dan lebih rendah 3,45% untuk pengujian 50% LRC dan 50% MRC dibandingkan dengan hasil komisioning. Gross plant hate rate (HHV basis) pada 2 (dua) pengujian 100% LRC masing-masing 2.320,60 kcal/kg dan 2.293,63% kcal/kg, sedangkan pengujian 50% LRC dan 50% MRC gross plant hate rate (HHV basis) adalah 2.290,75 kcal/kg. Nilai ini lebih besar masing-masing sebesar 3,28%, 2,08% dan 1,95% dibandinkan hasil komisioning (2.246.84 kcal/kWh)

Page 15 of 33 | Total Record : 322

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