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Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Enerlink
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Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

ISSN : 02169541 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Energy

Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 322 Documents

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EFEK KATALITIK NATRIUM-ALO2 PADA PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA TANPA PELARUT HIDROGEN DONOR Artanto, Yuli; Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Indonesian brown coal, South Banko coal, was liquefied into oil in the presence ofcarbon monoxide and water using alkali base catalyst, NaAlO2. Liquefaction testwas carried out using microautoclave in the absence of donor solvent. Experimentwas conducted at 365oC and 400oC in order to examine the effect of temperatureon coal conversions.Kata kunci: south banko, brown coal, liquefaction, catalyst, donor solvent

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON LIQUEFACTION OF KALIMANTAN BROWN COALS Hartiniati, Hartiniati; Silalahi, Lambok Hlarius
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Efek karakateristik batubara terhadap yield produk pencairan batubaradiinvetigasi menggunakan sampel batubara dari Berau (Lati dan Kelai), Mulia,Wara dan Kideco. Batubara Banko dari Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan,digunakan sebagai batubara rujukan. Pengujian pencairandilaksanakanmenggunakan gas-flow type autoclave (5L) dengan umpanbatubara 2002 (daf), pelarut batubara turunan (b.p.300-420oC) 400g, katalis Fe1.0-3.0 wt% (daf), elemen sulfur (rasio atom S/Fe 2.,0) pada tekanan 14.7MPa,suhu 450oC selama 60menit. Sampel limonit dari Soroako Indonesia dan YandiYellow dari Australia, yang terutama terdiri dari ?-FeOOH, digunakan sebagaibahan katalis pada pengujian pencairan batubara. Studi ini merekomendasikanbertambahnya minyak yield akibat peningkatan kandungan oksigen dalambatubara, rasio atom H/C dan kandungan besi dalam batubara, mengingat besidalam batubara dapat berfungsi sebagai katalis dalam pencairan batubara.Limonit Soroako medium grade (MGL) menunjukkan aktifitas lebih tinggidibandingkan Yandi Yellow (YY) karena sifat transformasinya membentuk kristalkristalpyrrhotite (Fe1-XS), fase aktif dalam pencairan batubara. Sejumlahsenyawa nitrogen dan sulfur dalam minyak batubara telah berhasil dihilangkanmelalui proses hydrotreatment selanjutnya memperbaiki mutu produk.Keywords: pencairan, batubara berau, limonit, pyrrhotite, soroako,hydrotreatment

REAKTIFITAS BERBAGAI JENIS PELARUT DARI RESIDU KILANG MINYAK PLAJU PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO TENGAH Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

An effect of two different residue for liquefaction of Central Banko coal isdisccused. The residue was obtained from side-stream of refinery plant, whichso-called long residue and short residue solvents. The liquefaction test wascarried out under the reference conditions that have been developed in BPPTcoal liquefaction laboratory, at temperature of 450oC and initial H2 pressure of12MPa for 1 hour. The result shows that the distillate yield, Bottom (BTM) yield,and hydrogen consumption were dependent on the nature of solvent. Shortresidue solvent shown higher reactivity than the long residue. Reaction betweenCentral Banko and Short Residue gave distillate yield higher than the longresidue. Moreover, its BTM yield was also lower than that of long residue solvent.This result confirmed the lower hydrogen consumption for reaction short residueand Central Banko coal compared to that for reaction long residue and CentralBanko. In this study, it also confirmed that the yield of H2O and CO+CO2 weredependent on the material input condition. However, the yield of hydrocarbongases (C1~C4) was mainly affected by de-alkylation in the solvent and coal duringthe reactionKata kunci: residu minyak bumi, proses pencairan batubara, central Banko

PEMANFAATAN RESIDU KILANG MINYAK PLAJU SEBAGAI PELARUT PADA PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA (CO-PROCESSING) Rasyid, Muhamad Hanif; Hidayat, Herman
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

This study presents the investigation on the reactivity of vacuum oil residue(VOR) as solvent in Banko coal liquefaction, so called ?Co-processing?. Processsolvent derived from BSU tests is used as reference solvent in this study. Theliquefaction tests are carried out using a gas-flow type autoclave (5L) with 200gcoal (daf), 400g of coal-derived solvent (b.p.300-420 oC), 1.0-3.0 wt% daf as Feof catalyst and elemental sulfur (S/Fe atomic ratio of 2.0) at 14.7MPa, 450oC for60min under a constant gas flow of H2-0.5%H2S. The study suggests that VORas solvent is much more reactive than process solvent under the same condition.Therefore the co-processing gives higher oil yield than coal liquefaction usingprocess solvent derived from BSU tests. It also produces lower CLB, CO+CO2and hydrocarbons yields. This indicates that there is a synergism effect betweenthe VOR as a donor solvent and the coal. The molecular structure of VOR at thefirst time was decomposed into molecular fragments. These fragments were thenattached onto the coal?s structure and lead to decompose the structure of thecoal. It was also found that co-processing consumed less hydrogen gas thanreference liquefaction process. In short, this finding obtained in this study cangive promising sight for implementing the coal liquefaction plant in Indonesia at acommercial scale.Kata kunci: vacuum oil residue, Banko, liquefaction, co-processing reactive,synergism effect

MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF COAL LIQUID OIL CHARACTERIZED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ATOMIC EMMISION DETECTOR Yusnitati, Yusnitati; Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Heteroatom-containing species in the coal liquid oils (CLO) were identified andquantified by the aid of gas chromatography with atomic emission detector (GCAED).Four different CLOs from different rank coals, processes and cut pointswere investigated in the present study. Thiophene and its derivatives werefound to be the major sulfur compounds, pyridines and anilines, and phenolswere the major nitrogen and oxygen compounds, respectively in the oils ofboiling range 300 ?. An oil of boiling range (300 ? 420?) carried moredimethyldibenzothiophenes and benzoquinolines. The correlation between feedcoal and liquid product was discussed in terms of the compositions ofheteroatomic compounds.Kata kunci: coal liquid oil, heteroatomic compounds, GC-AED

RANCANGAN DASAR GASIFIER BATUBARA SIRKULASI UNGGUN MENGAMBANG UNTUK MEMBANGKITKAN LISTRIK 1 MW Tirtosoekotjo, Soedjoko; Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 7, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

There are 3 choices in accommodating power station facility which have beeninstalled to fulfill standard regulation of environmental quality which progressivelytighten. Firstly, facility modification of pulverized?coal fired power plant byapplying a flue?gas desulfurisation technology throw away to cost moneyinstallation of tired which can 20% of total cost development of it. Secondly,modification system of coal fired power generation become natural gas combinedcycle (NGCC) can reach low emission, but fuel cost relatively high, so willinfluence the electricity generating cost. Third, modification system of electricgeneration which have been installed by utilizing a mechanism of coalgasification is most efficient and best alternative to yield an environmentalfriendly of electric generation combined cycle. In this paper, writer try to make abasic design of circulating fluidized?bed coal gasifier using clay catalist relatedon third choice which expected applicable in the next future to come replacepower station system which have ended a period as well as newly even if.Kata Kunci: gasifier batubara unggun mengambang, katalis tanah liat,pembangkit listrik

DISTRIBUSI MOLEKULER SPESIES HETEROATOM DALAM MINYAK BATUBARA INDONESIA Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo; Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Heteroatom-containing species in the coal liquid oils (CLO) were identified andquantified by the aid of gas chromatography with atomic emission detector (GCAED).Four different CLOs from different rank coals, processes and cut pointswere investigated in the present study. Thiophene and its derivatives were foundto be the major sulfur compounds, pyridines and anilines, and phenols were themajor nitrogen and oxygen compounds, respectively in the oils of boiling range 300oC). An oil of boiling range (300?420oC) carried moredimethyldibenzothiophenes and benzoquinolines. The correlation between feedcoal and liquid product was discussed in terms of the compositions ofheteroatomic compounds.Kata kunci: coal liquid oil, heteroatomic compounds, GC-AED

ANALISA TERMOHIDROLIKA KERUSAKAN KONDENSOR ORTHO DICHLOROBENZENE TIPE SHELL DAN TUBE Teguh P., Bambang; Komara, Riki Jaka
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Telah terjadi kerusakan pada sejumlah tube pada kondensor Ortho Dichlorobenzene (ODCB). Kondensor ODCB adalah jenis shell and tube tipe BEM, posisi vertikal, dengan expansion joint pada shell. ODCB mengalir di sisi tube dan air pendingin (CW) mengalir di sisi shell secara paralel dari atas ke bawah. Hasil uji material menyimpulkan bahwa kerusakan berupa Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) yang disebabkan oleh tegangan bengkok akibat ekspansi tube yang tertahan. Namun demikian, ternyata retakan tube terjadi tidak pada tengah-tengah bentangan panjang tube melainkan pada jarak sekitar 450 ? 500 mm dari tube sheet, tidak jauh dari shell inlet nozlle. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mempelajari fenomena termohidrolika lokal yang menyebabkan kerusakan tube. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan pada jarak sekitar 450 ? 500 mm dari tube sheet, CW di sisi shell mulai mendidih dan ODCB di sisi tube mulai terkondensasi. Uap air yang terbentuk mengisi ruang shell bagian atas. Proses pendinginan di zona ini menjadi sangat buruk dan mengakibatkan gradien temperatur dinding tube ke arah longitudinal cukup tinggi. Gradien temperatur yang tinggi menyebabkan kekuatan dinding tube menurun, sehingga saat ekspansi tube tertahan, tube akan bengkok pada zona tersebut.Kata kunci: Ortho Dichlorobenzene, kondesor, shell and tube, BEM, aliran paralel, SS 316 L, stress corrosion cracking, tube bengkok, kondensasi, pendidihan

DAMPAK PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA INDONESIA TERKAIT KANDUNGAN PRODUK GAS BUANG Aryono, Nur Aryanto
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

The output of electricity for power plants and output of steam for industrialfurnaces related with flue gas concentration, such as fly ash (dust), CO, CO2NOx, and SO2. The condition of flue gas product is very important for estimatedthe actual level of emissions, because it product depends on type of plant,operating conditions, maintenance, and on fuel properties. The consequence ofcoal combustion, a considerable increase in emissions of dust, hydrocarbon,NOx and SO2 is to be expected. Therefore, to use the abatement technology,such as filters, desulphurization plants, de-nitrification unit, fluidized bedcombustion, and integrated gas combined cycle power plants for reducing theconcentrations of flue gas is an appropriate choice.Kata kunci: coal combustion, flue gas, emission

KOMPARASI REAKTIFITAS PELARUT DARI MINYAK BAKAR DAN RESIDU RANTAI PANJANG PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO Hidayat, Herman; Nataadmadja, Nasikin
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v3i2.1548

The needs of fuel, especially for automotive fuel, in Indonesia keeps onincreasing, while petroleum reserves is getting lessen everyday. One alternativeto achieve the diversified energy strategy for the transportation sector is theutilization of the Indonesian low rank coal reserves through the implementation ofcoal liquefaction technology. Coal liquefaction process that has been done beforewas found economically and technically less effective. Those are the reasons fordoing coal liquefaction research using petroleum residue as the solvent, namelyco-processing, which expected to give a better performance than the standardcoal liquefaction. The feedstocks are lignite coal from Central Banko, petroleumresidue (fuel oil and long residue), limonite catalyst from Soroako and hydrogengas. The reactions were carried out in a stirred batch autoclave reactor at 120Kg/cm2 of initial hydrogen pressure and 450oC for 1 hour, at 2 of S/Fe atomicratio and 2 of solvent/coal weight ratio. The liquid products were fractionated byvacuum distillation and the gaseous products were analyzed by gaschromatography. It showed that co-processing with long residue as the solvent isbetter than fuel oil or standard coal liquefaction, with 39.17 wt% daff of oil yiled.The cetane index of middle oil fraction was 27.8 and the efficiency of hydrogenconsumption was 23.68 (oil yield/hydrogen consumption).Kata kunci: pencairan batubara, co-processing, residu minyak bumi, batubaralignit

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