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Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Enerlink
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Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

ISSN : 02169541 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Energy

Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 322 Documents

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EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN NIKEL PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ALAMI LIMONIT Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Coal liquefaction of brown coal from South Banko coal was conducted using 5 Lautoclave batch reactor. the effect of nickel addition on the activity of naturallimonite catalyst from Soroako was investigated by comparing the amount ofnickel addition to the reaction.Tthis study showed that original nickel ferritepresent in natural limonite did not play a significant role in increasing the activityof iron compounds in limonite. This study was also pointed out that ironcompound (?-FeOOH) was the major compound for obtaining high oil yield inliquefaction of low rank coal.Kata kunci: liquefaction, low rank coal, nickel ferrite, soroako limonite

PENINGKATAN MUTU MINYAK BATUBARA DENGAN PROSES HIDROKATALITIK Syafrinaldi, Ade; Sugeng, Dhani Avianto
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

The result of hydrotreating coal derived oil was investigated. Compared to crudepetroleum oil, oil produced from liquefaction of coal, the coal liquid needs afurther treatment before being used as same grade of petroleum products. Thestorage stability and most important the quality of the coal liquid oil are the mostcritical factors for this matter. The concentrations of nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen andaromatic hydrocarbon are way much too high for the coal oil to be directlyconverted into synthetic fuel like gasoline, kerosene or gas oil. In a brown coalliquefaction plant, this special unit is integrally designed with the whole plant, wellknown as the inline hydro-treatment unit, which has two process stages , the firsthydro-treatment and the second hydro-treatment. This paper will discuss thecharacteristic of the hydro-treated coal liquid oil concerning its storage stabilityand quality.Kata kunci: coal liquefaction, storage stability, quality, coal liquid oil, inlinehydro-treatment, dry sludge

EVALUASI HATE RATE DAN EFISIENSI SUATU PLTU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BATUBARA YANG BERBEDA DARI SPESIFIKASI DESIGN Aziz, Amiral; Hasan, Andi Rinaldi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Tulisan ini menampilkan beberapa hasil penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi hate rate dan efisiensi PLTU batubara berkapasitas 300 MW yang menggunakan spesifikasi batubara yang berbeda dari spesifikasi rancangan setelah beroprasi sekitar dua tahun. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa efisiensi boiler (HHV basis) pada pengujian aktual 100% LRC mengalami penurunan sebesar 3,25% dan pada pengujian dengan komposisi 50% LRC dan 50% MRC mengalami mengalami penurunan sebesar 2,91% dibandingkan dengan hasil komisioning. Kehilngan panas karena gas buang kering, kandungan air dalam bahan bakar dan pembakaran hidrogen memberikan kontrobusi yang besar terhadap penurunan efisiensi boiler dibandingkan dengan hasil komisioning. Pada beban maksimun, turbine hate rate pada 2 (dua) pengujian aktual 100% LRC masing-masing sebesar 1.994, 67 kcal/kWh dan 1.918,55 kcal/kWh, sedangkan pada pengujian dengan komposisi 50% LRC dan 50% MRC turbine hate rate adalah 1.977,52 kcal/kWh. Nilai tersebut lebih rendah 4,47% dan 3,78% untuk pengujian aktual 100% LRC dan lebih rendah 3,45% untuk pengujian 50% LRC dan 50% MRC dibandingkan dengan hasil komisioning. Gross plant hate rate (HHV basis) pada 2 (dua) pengujian 100% LRC masing-masing 2.320,60 kcal/kg dan 2.293,63% kcal/kg, sedangkan pengujian 50% LRC dan 50% MRC gross plant hate rate (HHV basis) adalah 2.290,75 kcal/kg. Nilai ini lebih besar masing-masing sebesar 3,28%, 2,08% dan 1,95% dibandinkan hasil komisioning (2.246.84 kcal/kWh)

PENGARUH PROSES DUA TAHAP DAN PELARUT DALAM PENCAIRAN BATUBARA Priyanto, Unggul
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

The influence of solvent was examined in the single- and two-stageliquefaction of Tanito Harum coal with FeNi supported oil carbon black(FeNi/KB) and a synthetic pyrite. FeNi/KB catalyst provide a high oi l yield inthe single-stage liquefaction when tetralin or 1methylnapthalene wasused, while pyrite (FeS2) gave a low oil yield in the liquefaction with 1-methylnapthalene although it produced a high enough oil yield in theliquefaction with tetralin. The single-stake liquefaction of coal gave extremelylow oil yields under the solvent free conditions for all catalysts examined. Inthe liquefaction of coal with solvent, the difference of oil yield producedbetween single-stage and two stage is small. However, the conversion of H--donor solvent after liquefaction was much lower than that of single-stageliquefaction. In the free-solvent liquefaction coal, two-stage liquefactionproduced much higher oil yield than single-stage.Kata kunci: solvent, catalyst, single-stage coal liquefaction, two-stage coalLiquefaction

PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN BAHAN BAKAR BATUBARA CAIR (BBBC) UNTUK MENDUKUNG DIVERSIFIKASI ENERGI Rahardjo, Irawan
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A study of energy diversification in Indonesia and the how role of coalliquefaction if implemented w conducted. Liquified brown coal fuel (LBCF) is apotential alternative energy for substituting crude oil, which is processed toproduce synthetic fuel from coal. In addition, the government policy on reducingoil dependency makes the liquified brown coal fuel an option which must berealized soon. This paper reveals that LBCF is very prospective in order tosupport energy diversification program. In 2014 LBCF from Berau plant wouldsubstitute Balikpapan oil refinery throughput as much as 20% or about 57.99 PJ.It increases to 42.5% or 173.96 PJ in 2020. LPG produced as side product ofliquefaction plant could be used to support LPG supplied by LPG plant Aral andBadak and Balikpapan oil refinery. The amount of the substitution is increasingup to 56% in 2018, or at a rate of 19.52% per year.Kata kunci: coal liquefaction, diversification, liquid petroleum gas

AUDIT ENERGI SISTEM KELISTRIKAN DI INDUSTRI BENANG Hasan, Achmad
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Energy audit is one way to plan for optimizing the supply and use of energyneeded by the industry. Portrait of the use of electrical energy used in Industrysupplied from PT.PLN (Persero) with the power contract for 23000 kVA and POJPower Jatiluhur with installed capacity of 5800 kVA. Especially for electric energysupplied from POJ Power, status of electricity continues to be a contract with themanager of POJ Power Jatiluhur. Based on the results of measurement of powerquality with PQA Hioki 3197 is as described in the previous section, it can beseen that: (a) Load unbalances seen from the voltage and current, (b) Fluctuatingvoltage magnitude at phase R, S and T. Even the voltage at Mill #2 reaches 238V, (c) The power factor is quite good and it ranged from 0.90 to 0.93, (d) TotalHarmonic Distortion (THD) voltage at Mill #2 lower the tolerance limit of 5%,while at Mill #3 exceeds the limit of tolerance (5.8%), (e) Voltage unbalance onMill #2 and Mill #3 below the limit of tolerance (2.5%).Kata kunci: audit, energi, listrik, faktor daya, penghematan, filter harmonik

PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI PADA KONVERSI KATALITIK RESIDU MINYAK BUMI Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A hydroconversion catalytic process of Indonesian petroleum residue from Plaju(UP IV) refinery plant was investigated. A series of liquefaction tests using a 1liter stirred batch autoclave reactor under reference condition e.i.: initial hydrogenpressure of 12 MPa and 2.0 of atomic ratio of sulfur to iron were conducted. Theinfluence of the temperature of 430,450,470oC and the reaction time of 30,60,90minute was used and compare the yield structure of each run. It was found thatthe oil yield and gases CO, CO2 and hydrocarbon yield increased significantly bythe increasing of the temperature reaction and holding time. While, the liquidbottom yield had a tendency to decrease which reversely to the oil yield. It alsoappeared that hydrogen consumption would tend to increase with increasing oilyield, leading to the more efficiently use of gaseous hydrogen. As a result, thehydroconversion catalytic process could be applied to upgrade petroleum residuewhich indicated by increasing oil yield in mild condition.Kata Kunci: hidrokonversi katalitik, residu minyak bumi

REKONDISI KINERJA OPERASI FIXED BED GASIFIER SEKAM PADI PT. NATIONAL CHAMPIGNON Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

All this time, PT Natcham?s gasifier only be used for synthetic gas production asfuel of 400 kW gas engine power generation for the mushroom industry?selectricity needs while energy crisis. From now on, the application anddevelopment of biomass gasification technology is focused on synthetic gasproduction to be processed furthermore from gas to liquid (GTL) throughFischer?Tropsch synthesis process. H2+CO contained in syngas product is low(average 20% of total producer gas) with H2/CO ratio = 0.30?0,35. Producedsynthetic gas composition more and less equal to the design maker of Peako ?China that is feasible to be utilized as fuel for 400 kW gas engine powergeneration, but not meet yet specification requirements of syngas composition asgas feeding for Fischer?Tropsch synthesis process (Gas?To?Liquid, GTL).Installation of O2 and steam injection system inside gasifier necessary to improvesyngas quality, all at once N2 content decreasing in the syngas, with the result ofH2/CO ratio 1 that will improve liquid product.Kata kunci: fixed?bed gasifier, gasification, rice husk, synthetic gas

UJI PENINGKATAN MUTU BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH SUMATERA SELATAN Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 7, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A study of coal upgrading by way of evaporative method using coal from SouthSumatra is conducted. Preliminary inestigation on Upgrading of Brown Coal(UBC) process using Central and South Banko coals suggests that the processcan be applied to both coals (called S-BK and C-BK) without any operationalproblem. It produces high quality-stable coals in the briquette form with a calorificvalue of more than 6,500kcal/kg. Moreover, its spontaneous combustioncharacteristic is also suppressed comparing to that conventional drying method.This is due to the addition of aspal (heavy oil) in the solution of kerosene, wherethe aspal then soaked in the micropore of to prevent reabsorption of water whenput in the air.Kata Kunci: upgrading brown coal, Banko coal, briket batubara, spontaneouscombustion

KARAKTERISTIK PROSES HIDROKONVERSI KATALITIK DENGAN BAHAN BAKU BITUMEN Yusnitati, Yusnitati; Hanif, Muhammad; Adiarso, Adiarso
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

The effects of bitumen types in a hydro-conversion catalytic process to producesyntethic liquid fuels was investigated. Three samples of natural solid bitumenobtained from three different sampling points in Riau Province are used in thisstudy. Preliminary technical feasibility of the natural solid bitumen as a feedstockof synthetic fuel oil using this process is also investigated. Experimental runs arecarried out using a 1 liter stirred batch autoclave reactor under the standardconditions: reaction temperature of 450oC, initial hydrogen pressure of 12 MPafor 1 hour and atomic ratio of sulfur to iron at 2.0. This process condition issimilar to direct coal liquefaction process using heavy oil solvent produced fromBench Scale Unit (BSU) 100 kg/hour input in Takasago, Japan. The resultsindicate that the oil yield increases with the decrease of liquid bottom yield. TotalCO+CO2 and hydrocarbon gases products are almost equal at all bitumensamples. Due to their high ash content, the oil yield (LO, MO and HO) of bitumensamples relatively lower than the oil yield of coal liquefaction process. It was alsofound that O/C and H/C atomic ratio in bitumen samples vary significantly withtheir sampling point, but the H/C ratio of bitumen relatively higher than typicalcoal. The higher of H/C ratio, the easier of bitumen to be converted to syntheticfuel oil and leading to the more efficiently use of gaseous hydrogen. Inconclusion, the natural solid bitumen has a possibility as a feedstock of syntheticfuel oil, if it is fed to the process in the form of a dried-ash-free-bitumen (hyperbitumen).Kata kunci: bitumen, hidrokonversi katalitik, BBM sintetis

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