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INDONESIA
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)
Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
ISSN : 02169541     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Energy
Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 322 Documents
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OPTIMASI PROSES PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DAN JARAK PAGAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN KALSIUM OKSIDA Murti, Galuh Wirama; Rahmawati, Nurdiah; Heriyanti, Septina Is; Hastuti, Zulaicha Dwi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (969.231 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v11i2.1582

Abstract

Production of biodiesel has been conducted through several processes such as esterification andtransesterification by homogeneous catalyst in which use either acidic or alkaline substances.Homogeneous catalysts have some negative impacts to the environment, because technically itrequires further treatment process such as washing. Therefore, the use of heterogeneouscatalysts is proposed to be best way to overcome this problem. The advantages of heterogeneouscatalysts are not only for its ease in recovery but also for its reusability. Moreover, it isenvironmentally friendly and cheap which only undergo a single process of transesterification.Calcium oxide is well-known as one of heterogeneous catalysts. It were activated by pretreatmentwith methanol and then it was continued by transesterification reaction. The optimal reactiono conditions were obtained at temperature 60 C, atmospheric pressure, and 4 h reaction time.Calcium oxides shows good activity in transesterification reaction using either palm or jatropha oil.The highest conversion of palm oil is approximately 62,51% within catalyst 3% by weight oil,whereas jatropha oil is approximately 53.10 % within catalyst 10% by weight oil. The regeneratedcatalyst shows low catalytic activity which is indicated by small presence of methyl ester in theproduct.Key words : biodiesel, heterogen catalyst, calcium oxide, palm oil, jatropha oil
EVALUASI REAKTIFITAS KATALIS NiMo DALAM PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DAN AUSTRALIAN LOY YANG Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (145.693 KB)

Abstract

Indonesia South Banko (BS) and Australian Loy Yang (LY) were liquefied usingtwo hydrogenation catalysts, Ni/Mo and Co/Mo at mild condition (400oC, 6MPa(H2 cold)). The study shows that the use of Ni/Mo in hydrogenation for both BSand LY coals gives a higher total conversion, asphaltene and OGW (oil-gaswater)yields than that of Co/Mo. The use of Ni/Mo for LY coal hydrogenationgives higher total coanversion and asphaltene yield than SB coal. This suggeststhat SB has more condensed structure than LY coal. However, the amount of oilyield is similar for both coals. Furthermore, the use of Co/Mo for both coals alsogives almost equal result in total conversion, asphaltene and OGW yields.Addition of sulphur (as CS2) enhances the total conversion and OGW yield forboth catalysts Ni/Mo and Co/Mo. Sulphur addition on Ni/Mo treated coal did notimprove the asphaltene yield, but converted it into lower molecular weight.Adding sulphur could also improve total conversion for Co/Mo treated coal similarto Ni/Mo/CS2 treated coal. Increasing reaction time also improves the totalconversion, asphaltene and OGW yield. The reactivitiy of BS and LY in this studyis also dependent on their behaviour or characteristic, such the environment ofoxygen content in the macro structure of the coal.Kata kunci: south banko coal, australian loy yang coal, ni/mo catalyst, co/mocatalyst, asphaltene, coal liquefaction
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT ON THE IMPLEMENTION OF COAL LIQUEFACTION PROJECT IN INDONESIA Silalahi, Lambok Hilarius; Saleh, Muksin; Tamura, Masaaki
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (350.979 KB)

Abstract

Proyek pencairan batubara dinilai mempunyai kontribusi yang besar bagi suplai energydi masa mendatang khususnya untuk suplai bahan bakar otomotif domestic. Sebelumdilakukan implementasi pabrik skala DEMO perlu diinvestigasi dampak pabrikpencairan batubara khususnya kualitas limbah cair dan sifat racun dari limbahpadat.Tulisan ini menguraikan regulasi atau peraturan lingkungan dan standardambang batas cemaran terkait dengan prediksi limbaha yang dibebaskan dari pabrikdan teknik manajemen limbah.SIstem perlakuan atau penanganan limbah cair yangdipakai di pabrik pencairan batubara secara ringkar dibahas. Lebih jauh polusi lainnyaseperti odor/bau, partikel, ludge, kebisingan dan emsi gas juga didiskusikan.Keywords: pencairan batubara, pabrik pencairan batubara, kualitas limbah cair,standard lingkungan, polusi, odor, regulasi, sludge, kebisingan, emisi gas
UPGRADING KATALITIK DISTILAT MINYAK BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DENGAN KATALIS NiMo SULFIDA Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (314.334 KB)

Abstract

Catalytic hydrotreatment of South Banko coal liquid (SBCL) middle distillate (b.p.300 – 420 oC) was performed over NiMo sulfides catalysts. The hydrotreatmentwas conducted in an autoclave of 50 ml capacity under the conditions of 340 –420 oC, 60 and 120 min and initial hydrogen pressure of 5 – 10 MPa. Thehydrotreatment reduced the contents of all heteroatom species (S, N and O).Sulfur species were easiest to be removed, while nitrogen species were mostrefractory. Reactivities of some representative heteroatom species weremeasured to find the refractory species in coal liquid by GC-AED. Carbonsupported catalyst was compared to alumina supported one confirming its higheractivity for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation.Kata kunci: coal liquid, middle distillate, Katalis NiMo, hydrotreatment,heteroatom, GC-AED, hidrodesulfurisasi, hidrodeoksigenasi,hidrodenitrogenasi
KINERJA MESIN DIESEL MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR, DME DAN CAMPURANNYA DENGAN SIMULASI DINAMIKA FLUIDA Yuwono, Taufik; Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (668.519 KB)

Abstract

Fuel atomization plays a main role in determining the performance of dieselengines, where the spray pattern illustrates fuel combustion occurs in thecombustion chamber. From fuel spray test results showed that fuel evaporationcharacteristics of fuel at a certain pressure will effect on engine performance.The higher the injection pressure will reduce the diameter of the fuel sprays(sauter mean diameter), thus speeding up evaporation and mixing processesbetween fuel and air in the combustion chamber with resulted the combustionprocess is more completely. Analysis of fuel atomization simulations performedat injection pressure 150, 180 and 235 bar on the distribution of size,temperature and concentration of air+fuel mixture. Physical chemical parametersresulting are the size and temperature distribution patterns fuel+air mixturesprays. DME is feasible to be used as alternative fuel in diesel engines by adding2–5% lubricant additives. The use of diesel+DME 50/50 mixed fuel provides thelowest fuel consumption by generating power of 3x2,975 watts.Kata kunci: kinerja mesin, solar, DME, simulasi atomisasi, dinamika fluida
PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN PADA TUNGKU PEMBUATAN BRIKET KOKAS DAN PENGECORAN LOGAM SERTA PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DI SENTRA INDUSTRI KECIL Hasnedi, Hasnedi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 7, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (189.523 KB)

Abstract

The coke production process by baking semi-coke briquette in a coke’s bakingoven will produce flue gas and smoke. The same also happens in its utilizationtest in metal foundry kiln known as “tungkik” (plunging) smelting kiln. The gasand smoke predictably contain heavy metals and polluted chemical compoundsthat will pollute the environment and disturbing the health of workers if theirconcentrations pass over defined standard quality level. The objective of thisstudy is to examine the amount of heavy metals and chemical compoundpollutants produced in the process of baking semi-coke to produce coke and inthe utilization of coke as fuel in tungkik kilns. Measurement results show thatheavy metals in the kiln’s chimneys and chambers such as As, Cd, Pb, and Hgcould not actually be detected, while Fe, Na, Al, Ca, and K could be easilydetected. The concentrations of such metals are in the range of: Na = 100-315µg/m3, Al = 215-360 µg/m3, Ca = 786-1330 µg/m3, Fe = 478-2300 µg/m3, and K = 0.25-0.5 µg/m3. Meanwhile pollutants from other chemical compounds in the flue gas are NO2 = 80.7785-83.3725 mg/m3 and SO2 = 10.85-10.98 mg/m3. Pollutantsfrom ambient air are NO2 = 179.11-236.49 µg/Nm3, SO2 = 112.56-256.52 µg/Nm3,CO = 43.80-100.98 µg/Nm3, HC = 0.05-0.64 µg/Nm3, and O3 = 2.8098-19.6065µg/Nm3. The total particle’s content is also low, which is about 0.283 mg/m3 in thecoke baking oven’s chimneys, 0.554 mg/m3 in the tungkik kiln’s chimneys and0.259 mg/m3 in the metal melting locations. Comparison of the measurementresults with that of quality standard defined by the government regulation of theRepublic of Indonesia No.41 Year 1999 about air pollution control, show that theresults is far below the tolerated level. Therefore, the existence of coke bakingoven is still feasible and safe to the environment.Kata kunci: briket kokas, pencemaran lingkungan, logam berat
RISET REAKTIFITAS LIMONIT SOROAKO SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA DENGAN GAS FLOW TYPE REACTOR Hidayat, Herman; Silalahi, Lambok Hlarius
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (525.279 KB)

Abstract

B r o w n Coal Liquefaction (BCL) process had been developed through theconstruction and the operation of 50 T/D pilot plant Ill Australia (1985-1990) byKOBE STEEL Group. After the successful completion of the Pilot Plant Project,newly Improved BCL process has been developed1). The feasibility study onthe commercialization of coal liquefaction plant in Indonesia has also beencarried out under the cooperation with BPPT supported by NEDO Limonitore (α-FeOOH) can be used as an industrial catalyst for direct coal liquefactionwith its high activity and low production cost. In this paper, the catalytic activitiesof Indonesian limonit ore, Soroako Limonit were examined using a gas flow typeautoclave comparing with the other iron catalysts for the liquefaction ofIndonesian brows coal. It appeared that the Soroako limonit has a highcatalystic activity while finely pulverizing to sub-micron particle size can bedone economically. It can be concluded that Soroako limonit is one of mostsuitable catalysts for the coal liquefaction plant constricted in Indonesia in thefut-ure.Kata kunci: direct liquefaction, soroako limonit, iron catalyst, phyrrotite, bankocoal
PENGARUH TEKANAN INJEKSI BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KABUTAN CAMPURAN SOLAR DAN DIMETIL ETER Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo; Yuwono, Taufik
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (410.708 KB)

Abstract

Fuel spray injection plays a main role in determining the performance of dieselengines, where the spray pattern illustrates fuel combustion occurs in thecombustion chamber. Characteristics of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) spray isdevoted to fuel evaporation, and mixing and combustion quality affected bypressure injection (P) and the physical chemical properties of the fuel (density,surface tension, viscosity and boiling point). From fuel spray test results showedthat fuel evaporation characteristics of fuel at a certain pressure effect on engineperformance. The higher the injection pressure will reduce the diameter of thefuel sprays after injection (SMD), thus speeding up evaporation and mixingprocesses between fuel and air in the combustion chamber with resulted thecombustion process is more completelyKata kunci: characteristics of fuel spray, diesel fuel, DME.
DAMPAK FEED-IN TARIFF ENERGI TERBARUKAN TERHADAP TARIF LISTRIK NASIONAL Abdul Wahid, La Ode Muhammad
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

Pemanfaatan energi terbarukan sangat terbatas dengan bauran energi terbarukan hanya 4,76%terhadap total bauran energi nasional. Hal ini disebabkan karena harga jual listrik pembangkit energiterbarukan pada umumnya lebih mahal dibanding pembangkit energi fosil. Untuk mendorongpemanfaatan energi terbarukan,Pemerintah telah menetapkan berbagai regulasi tentang harga juallistrik dari pembangkit listrik energi terbarukanyang wajib dibeli oleh PT PLN, seperti regulasi PLTP,PLTA, PLTS, PLTSampah, dan PLTBiomassa. Namun, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa beberapaharga jual listrik pembangkit energi terbarukan tersebut lebih mahal dari rata-rata biaya operasipembangkit listrik PLN yang pada tahun 2014 mencapai Rp. 1.297/kWh, bahkan ada yang lebih mahaldari biaya operasi PLTD. Hal ini berdampak terhadap kenaikan biaya pembelian listrik PLN, padahalharga jual listrik masih ada yang ditetapkan dengan harga subsidi. Kondisi ini akan menyebabkannaiknya subsidi listrik atau naiknya Tarif Dasar Listrik. Kenaikan Tarif Dasar Listrik akan berdampakterhadap pelanggan listrik rumah tangga. Hasil analisis dari data Susenas BPS menunjukkan bahwarumah tangga dengan pengeluaran maksimum 5 juta rupiah per bulan merupakan rumah tangga yangpaling terkena dampak atas kenaikan Tarif Dasar Listrik karena merupakan 91,33% terhadap totalpelanggan rumah tangga.Kata kunci: fit energi terbarukan dan tarif listrik
ANALISIS KONSUMSI HIDROGEN PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO TENGAH DAN RESIDU KILANG MINYAK BALIKPAPAN Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (266.795 KB)

Abstract

A series of liquefaction test to understand the effect of initial hydrogen pressureon the yield structure of Banko coal liquefaction under the presence of catalystand short residue solvent was studied. Three sets of initial pressure at 5, 9 and12MPa were tested under liquefaction condition. The test was carried out in CoalLiquefaction Laboratory-BPPT, using 1 liter autoclave at temperature of 450oC forone hour. The results showed that by increasing the initial H2 pressure from5MPa to 9 and 12MPa would improve the distillate yield for about 8-9wt%dafc.This was due to the availability of hydrogen gas provided at 5MPa was smallerthan 9MPa and 12MPa, so that the molecular hydrogen transformed into protonhydrogen and involved in stabilizing decomposed coal structure and shortresidue became larger. It was found that the changes of H2O, CO+CO2 and ofC1~C4 yields were independent to the variable of initial hydrogen pressure. Theseresults possibly confirm that H2O and CO+CO2 yield depend on the raw coalquality input. It was also found that at higher initial pressure (>9MPa), thehydrogen consumption was become less. This may confirm that hydrogen donoravailability of short residue at higher pressure plays a good role in the reaction sothat less amount of hydrogen from the gas is required for the liquefactionreaction.Kata kunci: hydrogen-donor, catalyst, liquefaction yield

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