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INDONESIA
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)
Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
ISSN : 02169541     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Energy
Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 322 Documents
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PENERAPAN METODE FAST FIRING PROCESS PADA PEMBUATAN KERAMIK UKIR JENIS STONEWARE Effendi, M. Dachyar
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

To reduce energy consumption in ceramic process, Investigation of fast firingmethode to produce relief product has been carried out. Best Ceramiccomposition applied to produce rellief without defect when burned in normal firingtraject. The composition consists of Kalimantan clay :52,5 %, Penujak clay 10%,Felspar RRC 16%, Talk 2,00 – 5,00%, limestone 2,5% - 6,50% and Ballclay13,00 – 13,50% and agree with stoneware qualification. In this research, Desiredtemperature reached at 7 hour, decreased 2 hour compare to normal firingtraject. Crack occured on some rellief products indicated that the product withdiffer thickenness significantly along ceramic body can not be applied into fastfiring process.Kata kunci: keramik ukir, stoneware
ECONOMICS OF BCL PROCESS FOR BERAU AND MULIA COAL IN KALIMANTAN Silalahi, Lambok Hilarius; Tamura, Masaaki; Yanai, Shunichi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
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Abstract

BPPT dan Kobe Steel telah berhasil melaksanakan studi kelayakan (1999-2001)pencairan batubara untuk memproduksi bahan bakar bersih dari batubara BAnkoSumatera Selatan. Pada tahun fiscal 2002 lokasi pabrik dan bahan umpan sudahdigantikan dengan lokasi tepi pantai. Tujuan utama studi untuk menginvestigasipengaruh lokasi pabrik terhadap keekonomian proyek, dan identifikasi kelayakanproyek pencairan batubara secara langsung sebagai pabrik komersal priponir diIndonesia. Tuisan ini membahas secara ringkas analisa keekonomian pabrik.Ditemukan kualitas batubara Mulia dan Berau mempunyai karakteristik pencairanyang superior, pabrik pencairan pionir seharusnya dibangun di tepi pantai.Terdapat reduksi yang signifikan dalam biaya konstruksi, shipping, dan biayatransportasi produk. Analisis financial berdasarkan metode DCFmerekomendasikan pabrik dengan kapasitas 12,000 ton per hari menghasilkanminyak batubara pada tahun 2011, pada tingkat harga US$ 23.3/bbl FOB BerauLati and US$ 26.1/bbl FOB Mulia Satui. Minyak batubara hasil pencairanbatubara Berau lebih murah dari Mulia karena batubara Berau kadar airnya lebihrendah dan struktur yield produk lebih baik. Pabrik pionir skala 3,000 ton per haridi Berau Lati mungkin layak jika diberikan insentif dapat menghasilkan hargayang lebih rendah, bunga pinjaman lebih rendah dan lainnya.Keywords: batubara berau, batubara mulia, pencairan batubara, kasus dekatpantai, sensitifitas, analisis keekonomian
OPTIMASI CO-PROCESSING DENGAN PENGATURAN RASIO PELARUT DAN BATUBARA: Studi Batubara Banko Selatan Silalahi, Lambok Hilarius
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

A liquefaction process of heavy residue and South Banko coal so-called coprocessingin order to optimize the optimum weight ratio vacuum residue (VR) tocoal is studied. Vacuum residue is co-processed with and without coal incatalyzed reaction (-FeOOH catalyst added with sulfur) at 450oC and 8MPa(initial cold-H2 pressure) for 1 hour. All the co-processing reactions are carriedout in 5 liter stirred-batch autoclave. It is found that the co-processing produceshigher distillates and lower residue compared with using creosote oil. Upgradingof vacuum residue without coal has shown that the reactivity of vacuum residueto stimulate the distillate production. It was confirmed that there is a synergisticeffect between heavy vacuum residue and South Banko coal. It may come fromfree radical of coal fragments that possibly weak or cracking the macro-molecularstructure of heavy vacuum oil. A set of heavy vacuum residue to South Bankocoal weight-ratio is tested at 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 for determining the effect of ratio onyield structure of the process. The distillate yield for ratio of 2.0 is higher thanother ratios. On the contrary the amount of residue produced is decreased. Thereis no significant changed on the hydrocarbon gases (C1-C4) yield when the ratiois increased from 2.0 to 2.5. A slightly decreased of C1-C4 Perolehan is observedwhen the ratio was increased to 3.0. The effect of changing ratio is not found onthe (CO+CO2) gas yield due to very small amount of oxygen content in thevacuum residue.Kata kunci: heavy vacuum residue, co-processing, south banko coal
EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN NIKEL PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ALAMI LIMONIT Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

Coal liquefaction of brown coal from South Banko coal was conducted using 5 Lautoclave batch reactor. the effect of nickel addition on the activity of naturallimonite catalyst from Soroako was investigated by comparing the amount ofnickel addition to the reaction.Tthis study showed that original nickel ferritepresent in natural limonite did not play a significant role in increasing the activityof iron compounds in limonite. This study was also pointed out that ironcompound (α-FeOOH) was the major compound for obtaining high oil yield inliquefaction of low rank coal.Kata kunci: liquefaction, low rank coal, nickel ferrite, soroako limonite
TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF UBC PILOT PLANT USING COMPUTER PROCESS SIMULATION Hanif, Muhammad; Sugeng, Dhani Avianto; Cruyff, Johan
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
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Abstract

Indonesia memiliki sumber daya batubara peringkat rendah dalam jumlah yangberlimpah (± 38 juta ton).Jenis batubara tersebut belum sepenuhnya dikajimeskipun diketahui memiliki berbagai kelebihan seperti kadar abu dan sulphurrendah. Teknologi UBC didedikasikan untuk memproduksi batubara yangdengan nilai jual yang tinggi dan mampu meningkatkan pemanfaatan batubaraperingkat rendah di Indonesia. Tulisan ini membahas evaluasi proses UpgradedBrown Coal (UBC) dengan menggunakan data pengoperasian pilot plant UBC diPalimanan. Lingkup kegiatan ini juga merupakan lingkup tanggungjawab BPPTdalam kerjasaa Jepang dengan Indonesia di bidang pengembangan teknologiUBC.Keywords: batubara peringkat rendah, upgraded brown coal (UBC), pilot plant
PENGEMBANGAN PROSES UPGRADING MINYAK BATUBARA: Pengaruh Temperatur, Tekanan dan Space Velocity Hanif, Muhammad; Faizal, M; Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 7, No 1 (2011)
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Abstract

Minyak batubara cair dengan titik didih 70-360oC, diperoleh dari proses pencairan batubara Tanito Harum menggunakan NEDOL Process skala pilot berkapasitas 150 ton/hari. Minyak batubara cair tersebut diupgrade untuk mengklarifikasi pengaruh temperatur reaksi, tekanan hidrogen, dan liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) terhadap aktifitas hidrodenitrogenasi. Pengujian dilakukan dalam reactor fixed bed kontinyu berdiameter 8.5 mm menggunakan katalis Ni- W/Alumina pada temperatur 300-375oC, tekanan hidrogen 8-12 MPa, LHSV 0.75-3.0 hr-1 dan rasio hydrogen/oil 1000 NL/L. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas hidrodenitrogenasi meningkat dengan peningkatan temperature reaksi dan tekanan hidrogen. Pada tekanan hidrogen 8 MPa, deaktifasi katalis terjadi lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan tekanan hydrogen 12 MPa selama 15 hari waktu operasi. Selain itu, ditunjukkan pula bahwa pada operasi dengan LHSV yang lebih rendah dan tekanan hidrogen yang lebih tinggi akan lebih efektif untuk menurunkan atau menghilangkan senyawa nitrogen dalam proses upgrading minyak batubara cair. Sehingga, operasi pada tekanan hidrogen 12 MPa diharapkan dapat menghasilkan produk minyak batubara cair dengan kandungan nitrogen yang rendah untuk waktu operasi lebih dari satu tahun pada skala komersial. Kata Kunci: hidrodenitrogenasi, katalis Ni-W/Alumina, minyak batubara cair, upgrading
PENGARUH PROSES DUA TAHAP DAN PELARUT DALAM PENCAIRAN BATUBARA Priyanto, Unggul
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

The influence of solvent was examined in the single- and two-stageliquefaction of Tanito Harum coal with FeNi supported oil carbon black(FeNi/KB) and a synthetic pyrite. FeNi/KB catalyst provide a high oi l yield inthe single-stage liquefaction when tetralin or 1methylnapthalene wasused, while pyrite (FeS2) gave a low oil yield in the liquefaction with 1-methylnapthalene although it produced a high enough oil yield in theliquefaction with tetralin. The single-stake liquefaction of coal gave extremelylow oil yields under the solvent free conditions for all catalysts examined. Inthe liquefaction of coal with solvent, the difference of oil yield producedbetween single-stage and two stage is small. However, the conversion of H--donor solvent after liquefaction was much lower than that of single-stageliquefaction. In the free-solvent liquefaction coal, two-stage liquefactionproduced much higher oil yield than single-stage.Kata kunci: solvent, catalyst, single-stage coal liquefaction, two-stage coalLiquefaction
PENINGKATAN MUTU MINYAK BATUBARA DENGAN PROSES HIDROKATALITIK Syafrinaldi, Ade; Sugeng, Dhani Avianto
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

The result of hydrotreating coal derived oil was investigated. Compared to crudepetroleum oil, oil produced from liquefaction of coal, the coal liquid needs afurther treatment before being used as same grade of petroleum products. Thestorage stability and most important the quality of the coal liquid oil are the mostcritical factors for this matter. The concentrations of nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen andaromatic hydrocarbon are way much too high for the coal oil to be directlyconverted into synthetic fuel like gasoline, kerosene or gas oil. In a brown coalliquefaction plant, this special unit is integrally designed with the whole plant, wellknown as the inline hydro-treatment unit, which has two process stages , the firsthydro-treatment and the second hydro-treatment. This paper will discuss thecharacteristic of the hydro-treated coal liquid oil concerning its storage stabilityand quality.Kata kunci: coal liquefaction, storage stability, quality, coal liquid oil, inlinehydro-treatment, dry sludge
Evaluasi Hate Rate dan Efisiensi suatu PLTU dengan menggunakan Batubara yang Berbeda dari Spesifikasi Design Aziz, Amiral; Hasan, Andi Rinaldi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

Tulisan ini menampilkan beberapa hasil penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi hate rate dan efisiensi PLTU batubara berkapasitas 300 MW yang menggunakan spesifikasi batubara yang berbeda dari spesifikasi rancangan setelah beroprasi sekitar dua tahun. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa efisiensi boiler (HHV basis) pada pengujian aktual 100% LRC mengalami penurunan sebesar 3,25% dan pada pengujian dengan komposisi 50% LRC dan 50% MRC mengalami mengalami penurunan sebesar 2,91% dibandingkan dengan hasil komisioning. Kehilngan panas karena gas buang kering, kandungan air dalam bahan bakar dan pembakaran hidrogen memberikan kontrobusi yang besar terhadap penurunan efisiensi boiler dibandingkan dengan hasil komisioning. Pada beban maksimun, turbine hate rate pada 2 (dua) pengujian aktual 100% LRC masing-masing sebesar 1.994, 67 kcal/kWh dan 1.918,55 kcal/kWh, sedangkan pada pengujian dengan komposisi 50% LRC dan 50% MRC turbine hate rate adalah 1.977,52 kcal/kWh. Nilai tersebut lebih rendah 4,47% dan 3,78% untuk pengujian aktual 100% LRC dan lebih rendah 3,45% untuk pengujian 50% LRC dan 50% MRC dibandingkan dengan hasil komisioning. Gross plant hate rate (HHV basis) pada 2 (dua) pengujian 100% LRC masing-masing 2.320,60 kcal/kg dan 2.293,63% kcal/kg, sedangkan pengujian 50% LRC dan 50% MRC gross plant hate rate (HHV basis) adalah 2.290,75 kcal/kg.  Nilai ini lebih besar masing-masing sebesar 3,28%, 2,08% dan 1,95% dibandinkan hasil komisioning (2.246.84 kcal/kWh)
PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN BAHAN BAKAR BATUBARA CAIR (BBBC) UNTUK MENDUKUNG DIVERSIFIKASI ENERGI Rahardjo, Irawan
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

A study of energy diversification in Indonesia and the how role of coalliquefaction if implemented w conducted. Liquified brown coal fuel (LBCF) is apotential alternative energy for substituting crude oil, which is processed toproduce synthetic fuel from coal. In addition, the government policy on reducingoil dependency makes the liquified brown coal fuel an option which must berealized soon. This paper reveals that LBCF is very prospective in order tosupport energy diversification program. In 2014 LBCF from Berau plant wouldsubstitute Balikpapan oil refinery throughput as much as 20% or about 57.99 PJ.It increases to 42.5% or 173.96 PJ in 2020. LPG produced as side product ofliquefaction plant could be used to support LPG supplied by LPG plant Aral andBadak and Balikpapan oil refinery. The amount of the substitution is increasingup to 56% in 2018, or at a rate of 19.52% per year.Kata kunci: coal liquefaction, diversification, liquid petroleum gas

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