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INDONESIA
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)
Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
ISSN : 02169541     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Energy
Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 322 Documents
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AUDIT ENERGI SISTEM KELISTRIKAN DI INDUSTRI BENANG Hasan, Achmad
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

Energy audit is one way to plan for optimizing the supply and use of energyneeded by the industry. Portrait of the use of electrical energy used in Industrysupplied from PT.PLN (Persero) with the power contract for 23000 kVA and POJPower Jatiluhur with installed capacity of 5800 kVA. Especially for electric energysupplied from POJ Power, status of electricity continues to be a contract with themanager of POJ Power Jatiluhur. Based on the results of measurement of powerquality with PQA Hioki 3197 is as described in the previous section, it can beseen that: (a) Load unbalances seen from the voltage and current, (b) Fluctuatingvoltage magnitude at phase R, S and T. Even the voltage at Mill #2 reaches 238V, (c) The power factor is quite good and it ranged from 0.90 to 0.93, (d) TotalHarmonic Distortion (THD) voltage at Mill #2 lower the tolerance limit of 5%,while at Mill #3 exceeds the limit of tolerance (5.8%), (e) Voltage unbalance onMill #2 and Mill #3 below the limit of tolerance (2.5%).Kata kunci: audit, energi, listrik, faktor daya, penghematan, filter harmonik
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI PADA KONVERSI KATALITIK RESIDU MINYAK BUMI Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

A hydroconversion catalytic process of Indonesian petroleum residue from Plaju(UP IV) refinery plant was investigated. A series of liquefaction tests using a 1liter stirred batch autoclave reactor under reference condition e.i.: initial hydrogenpressure of 12 MPa and 2.0 of atomic ratio of sulfur to iron were conducted. Theinfluence of the temperature of 430,450,470oC and the reaction time of 30,60,90minute was used and compare the yield structure of each run. It was found thatthe oil yield and gases CO, CO2 and hydrocarbon yield increased significantly bythe increasing of the temperature reaction and holding time. While, the liquidbottom yield had a tendency to decrease which reversely to the oil yield. It alsoappeared that hydrogen consumption would tend to increase with increasing oilyield, leading to the more efficiently use of gaseous hydrogen. As a result, thehydroconversion catalytic process could be applied to upgrade petroleum residuewhich indicated by increasing oil yield in mild condition.Kata Kunci: hidrokonversi katalitik, residu minyak bumi
REKONDISI KINERJA OPERASI FIXED BED GASIFIER SEKAM PADI PT. NATIONAL CHAMPIGNON Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

All this time, PT Natcham’s gasifier only be used for synthetic gas production asfuel of 400 kW gas engine power generation for the mushroom industry’selectricity needs while energy crisis. From now on, the application anddevelopment of biomass gasification technology is focused on synthetic gasproduction to be processed furthermore from gas to liquid (GTL) throughFischer–Tropsch synthesis process. H2+CO contained in syngas product is low(average 20% of total producer gas) with H2/CO ratio = 0.30–0,35. Producedsynthetic gas composition more and less equal to the design maker of Peako –China that is feasible to be utilized as fuel for 400 kW gas engine powergeneration, but not meet yet specification requirements of syngas composition asgas feeding for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process (Gas–To–Liquid, GTL).Installation of O2 and steam injection system inside gasifier necessary to improvesyngas quality, all at once N2 content decreasing in the syngas, with the result ofH2/CO ratio >1 that will improve liquid product.Kata kunci: fixed–bed gasifier, gasification, rice husk, synthetic gas
UJI PENINGKATAN MUTU BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH SUMATERA SELATAN Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 7, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

A study of coal upgrading by way of evaporative method using coal from SouthSumatra is conducted. Preliminary inestigation on Upgrading of Brown Coal(UBC) process using Central and South Banko coals suggests that the processcan be applied to both coals (called S-BK and C-BK) without any operationalproblem. It produces high quality-stable coals in the briquette form with a calorificvalue of more than 6,500kcal/kg. Moreover, its spontaneous combustioncharacteristic is also suppressed comparing to that conventional drying method.This is due to the addition of aspal (heavy oil) in the solution of kerosene, wherethe aspal then soaked in the micropore of to prevent reabsorption of water whenput in the air.Kata Kunci: upgrading brown coal, Banko coal, briket batubara, spontaneouscombustion
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BANKO COAL LIQUEFACTION Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil kajian financial dan dampak ekonomi makropembangunan pabrik komersial pencairan batubara Banko di Tanjung Enim,Sumatera Selatan dengan kapasitas total 12,000 t/d dry-ash free coal (daf).Kajian financial meliputi evaluasi proyek total (total investasi) IRR, NPV PaybackPeriod dan profitabilitas proyek dilihat dari kemampuan untuk pengembalianhutang dan dividen.. Manfaat ekonomi makro pabrik dikaji berdasarkan potensiekonomi ditinjau dari penghematan devisa, total pajak korporat, penggunaansumber daya alam, kesempatan kerja, iklim investasi, dan kontribusi terhadappengembangan masyarakat. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kontibusi devisatotal gross dari proyek selama tahun 2011-2035 dan penghematan devisanyaadalah sebesar USD24,883 juta and USD 20,830 juta. Selain itu disimpulkanbahwa minyak dari hasil pencairan batubara mampu menghemat pemakaiandevisa yang seharusnya digunakan impor minyak. Besar substitusi pasar olehminyak batubara mencapai 84juta barel atau setara dengan USD3.696juta.Keywords: batubara Banko, pencairan, biaya proyek, total investasi, profitablitas
KARAKTERISTIK PROSES HIDROKONVERSI KATALITIK DENGAN BAHAN BAKU BITUMEN Yusnitati, Yusnitati; Hanif, Muhammad; Adiarso, Adiarso
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
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Abstract

The effects of bitumen types in a hydro-conversion catalytic process to producesyntethic liquid fuels was investigated. Three samples of natural solid bitumenobtained from three different sampling points in Riau Province are used in thisstudy. Preliminary technical feasibility of the natural solid bitumen as a feedstockof synthetic fuel oil using this process is also investigated. Experimental runs arecarried out using a 1 liter stirred batch autoclave reactor under the standardconditions: reaction temperature of 450oC, initial hydrogen pressure of 12 MPafor 1 hour and atomic ratio of sulfur to iron at 2.0. This process condition issimilar to direct coal liquefaction process using heavy oil solvent produced fromBench Scale Unit (BSU) 100 kg/hour input in Takasago, Japan. The resultsindicate that the oil yield increases with the decrease of liquid bottom yield. TotalCO+CO2 and hydrocarbon gases products are almost equal at all bitumensamples. Due to their high ash content, the oil yield (LO, MO and HO) of bitumensamples relatively lower than the oil yield of coal liquefaction process. It was alsofound that O/C and H/C atomic ratio in bitumen samples vary significantly withtheir sampling point, but the H/C ratio of bitumen relatively higher than typicalcoal. The higher of H/C ratio, the easier of bitumen to be converted to syntheticfuel oil and leading to the more efficiently use of gaseous hydrogen. Inconclusion, the natural solid bitumen has a possibility as a feedstock of syntheticfuel oil, if it is fed to the process in the form of a dried-ash-free-bitumen (hyperbitumen).Kata kunci: bitumen, hidrokonversi katalitik, BBM sintetis
PENGARUH TKDN PADA BIAYA PEMBANGKITAN LISTRIK PANAS BUMI SKALA KECIL Nurrohim, Agus
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

Indonesia mempunyai potensi sumberdaya panas bumi sebesar 28.994 Mega Watt (MW) atau sekitar40% dari potensi panas bumi dunia. Namun baru 1.343,5 MW atau sekitar 4,7% dari potensi tersebutyang dimanfaatakan. Selain faktor non teknis seperti masalah status lahan dan perijinan, faktorkeekonomian merupakan salah satu kendala pengembangan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi(PLTP) di Indonesia. Guna mendorong pemanfaatan energi panas bumi secara maksimal, BadanPengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) bekerja sama dengan beberapa industri manufakturkomponen pembangkit listrik berupaya meningkatkan Tingkat Kandungan Dalam Negeri (TKDN)melalui pembangunan prototipe PLTP tipe Condensing 3 MW. PLTP hasil rancangan BPPT danindustri manufaktur tersebut telah mampu meningkatkan TKDN dari 42,00% (target pemerintah)menjadi 63,15% atau meningkat sebesar 21,15%. Dengan adanya peningkatan tersebut akan dapatmenurunkan biaya investasi sebesar 8,95% dan biaya pembangkitan listrik sebesar 7,36%. Selainmenurunkan biaya investasi dan biaya pembangkitan listrik, secara tidak langsung peningkatan TKDNakan memberi multiplier efek yang besar bagi pertumbuhan industri, khususnya industri kecil danmenengah.Kata kunci: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP), industri manufaktur, Tingkat Kandungan Dalam Neger (TKDN), biaya investasi, biaya pembangkitan
KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK PRODUK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA MUDA DARI LATI, KALIMANTAN TIMUR Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

Liquefied coal contains of higher aromatic compound, nitrogen, oxygen andsmaller amount of sulfur compared to petroleum fuel oil. These componentscauses gum/sludge formation which disturbs product stability duringtransportation and storage. High aromatic content lowers the cetane number ofliquefied coal oil. The study suggests that the catalytic hydrotreating of liquefiedcoal oil produced from Lati coal liquefaction can reduce the amount of S, O, andN heteroatom significantly. Gas oil fraction derived from Lati coal has a cetaneindex = 38.6, while the octane number of naphtha is expected to be higher than95 through catalytic reforming. In general, it can be concluded that synthetic fueloil derived from Lati coal has the qualification as transportation fuel oil throughthe application of Improved BCL Process.Kata Kunci: limonite catalyst, coal liquefaction, catalytic hydrotreating, liquefiedcoal oil, gas oil fraction, cetane index, octaen number
OPTIMASI DESAIN SISTEM ALIRAN MEDIA PENGERING PUPUK SRF 10.000 TON/TAHUN Helios, M. Penta; Teguh P, Bambang
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3745.023 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v11i2.1579

Abstract

Pabrik pupuk SRF kapasitas 10.000 ton/tahun berlokasi di Kabupaten Bantaeng, merupakan pilot plant percontohan bagi sektor pertanian di Indonesia. Sistem pengering terdiri 3 rotary dryer (RD). RD I dan II berfungsi sebagai pengering sedangkan RD III sebagai pengkondisian produk sampai kondisi atmosferik. Sistem pengering dirancang untuk menurunkan kadar air dari 8,18% menjadi 1,87%. Sejak pabrik dibangun, sistem belum beroperasi optimal sehingga kualitas produk sesuai desain belum dicapai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengoptimasi desain termal sistem pengering agar menghasilkan produk sesuai desain dan hemat energi. Optimisasi dilakukan dengan mengganti bahan bakar kerosin menjadi solar, pemasukan udara tersier secara siklon, dan pemasangan pengaduk dengan kemiringan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menghitung kesetimbangan panas dan massa di dalam sistem dan simulasi aliran media pengering menggunakan perangkat lunak CFD. Hasil perhitungan mengindikasikan agar sistem pengering bekerja optimal, RD I dan RD II memerlukan suplai udara tersier masing-masing sebesar 8004,23 kg/jam dan 6171,29 kg/jam, dan konsumsi solar masingmasing 13,1 kg/jam dan 14,3 kg/jam. Aliran masuk media pengering melalui cyclone-nozzle menghasilkan profil aliran yang berpusar sepanjang pengering, yang akan menghasilkanproses pengeringan lebih efektif, dan terbukti aman terhadap kondensasi uap air pada sisi keluar.Kata kunci: pupuk SRF, rotary dryer, desain, simulasi, optimasi, CFD
PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO DAN YALLOURN SEBAGAI EFEK DARI PERUBAHAN SUPLAI HIDROGEN Artanto, Yuli; Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

A comparison of liquefaction characteristic of two brown coals (South Banko andYallourn coals) was studied. A 5L autoclave batch reactor was used under thecondition with temperature at 450 oC , reaction holding time 60 minutes. Theinitial hydrogen pressure was varied to compare the effect of different reactionpressure on the product perolehans. The oil yield for Banko Selatan and Yallournincreased 6% and 18%, respectively, by increasing initial hydrogen pressurefrom 10 MPa to 15 MPa. However in accordance with increasing pressure from15 MPa to 20 MPa, the yield did not change remarkably. On the other hand, theCLB perolehan was significantly decreased for both coals when the pressure wasincreased from 10 to 15MPa. Moreover, the CLB yield was abruptly decreasedwhen the hydrogen pressure drastically change to 20Mpa. It was found that theincreasing reaction pressure only affected to the yield of hydrocarbon gas slightlybut remarkably influenced the CO and CO2 gas production for Yallourn coal butnot for South Banko coal.Kata Kunci: coal liquefaction, south banko coal, yallourn coal, oil yield

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