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Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia

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Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

ISSN : 19079761 EISSN : 25030310 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

MOLEKUL is a peer-reviewed journal of chemistry published by the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia. Publishing frequency 2 issues per year, on May and November. This Journal encompasses all branches of chemistry and its sub-disciplines including Pharmaceutical, Biological activities of Synthetic Drugs, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Agricultural Chemistry.

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Articles 331 Documents

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The bioactive contents and antioxidant activity of honey bee nest extract of Apis dorsata Binghami from the North Sulawesi Mokosuli Yermia Semuel; Eva Sherly Nonke Kaunang; Jacklin Stella Manopo
Molekul Vol 14, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Apis dorsata Binghami is a Sulawesi endemic honey bee. Apis dorsata Binghami cannot be bred, so it still lives wildlyin the forests of Sulawesi. However, Apis dorsata Binghami produces more honey, compared to all honey bee species. Furthermore, the diversity of plants as a source of nectar, pollen and plant resin, which is used in the formation of nests and honey is more, than all types of honey bees in the world. Ethnomedically, the Minahasa community has long used honeynest for degenerative diseases such as hyperlipidemia and cancer. Nevertheless, there have been no research reports on bioactive content and bioactivity of Apis dorsataBinghami nest extract. This research wasaimed to determinethe bioactive content of honey bee nest and to obtain the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) antioxidant activity of honey bee nest extractofApis dorsata Binghami. Honey bee nest was obtained directly from the forest of Minahasa peninsula, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Extraction of fresh honey bee nest was conductedusingmaceration method. Bioactive content analysis was carried out by the Harborne method, followed by analysis using UV Vis spectrophotometer and High performance liquid chromatography. IC50antioxidant activity of honey bee nest extract was obtained using DPPH free radical reduction method. The results showed that Apis dorsata Binghami honey bee nest extract containedalkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and triterpenoids. Identified flavonoids displayed the highest phytochemical content. Based on the results of HPLC and UV Vis spectrophotometer analysis, there were 20 flavonoid derivatives found in honey bee nest samples in Minahasa. Ethanol extract and n-hexane extract showed high free radical reduction activity compared to vitamin C as a control treatment. However, ethanol extract produced the highest DPPH free radical reduction activity.

Extraction of Cellulose from Kepok Banana Peel (Musa parasidiaca L.) for Adsorption Procion Dye Poedji Loekitowati Hariani; Fahma Riyanti; Riski Dita Asmara
Molekul Vol 11, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The aim of the research was to extract a cellulose from kepok banana peel (Musa parasidiaca L.) and application to removal Procion dye. The extracted cellulose was prepared by dewaxing process to releasing of lignin, bleaching and hemicellulose removal. The cellulose identified by FTIR and SEM-EDS. The efficiency of the cellulose to adsorp Procion dye was evaluated by variation in the initial concentration of dye (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 mg/L), solution pH (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), and the contact time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes) at room temperature. The result showed that FTIR spectra of cellulose from kepok banana peel were similar with FTIR spectra of standardcellulose. The morphology of cellulose more homogenous than kepok banana peel powder. It was observed that the optimum adsorption of Procion dye by cellulose was on the initial concentration of 30 mg/L, pH solution of 5 and contact time within 30 minutes. The obtained result that cellulose has removal percentage to adsorp Procion dye more higher than kepok banana peel powder. The adsorption equilibrium showed the Langmuir isotherm was described well for adsorption process (R2 = 0.991) than Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.922).

REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KACANG TANAH (Arahis hypogea. L) DAN METANOL DENGAN KATALIS KOH Purwati Purwati; Hartiwi Diastuti
Molekul Vol 2, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Oil and fat as part of lipid are taking an important role in food industry. There are soluble vitamins, like A, D, E and K, in oil and fat. Oil, that is a source of essential acid, is a high energy source. Oil and fat take a role to improve the shape and to give a taste. This experiment have been conducted to investigate the quantity of methyl ester that is produced from transesterification reactions of peanut seed oil with methanol using KOH as a catalyst and to analyze a kind of methyl ester that is produced using GCMS.We got 68% v/v product of transesterification and we knew for kinds of methyl ester those were produced from GCMS. They are methyl palmitic, methyl linoleic, methyl stearic, dan methyl 12-hydroxil-9-octadecaenoic.

KAJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI KAIN TERCELUP KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-SILIKA Intan Permatasari; Dina Kartika Maharani
Molekul Vol 7, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh jumlah proses pencelupan kain menggunakan komposit kitosan-silika terhadap aktvitas antibakteri kain kitosan-silika. Proses pelapisan kitosan-silika pada kain dilakukan dengan metode pencelupan atau dip-coating dengan teknik pengeringan pad-dry-cure pada temperatur dry 80 oC dan temperatur curing 140 oC. Uji aktivitas antibakteri kain kitosan-silika terhadap bakteri S.aureus dilakukan dengan metode Shake flask turbidimetry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh jumlah proses pencelupan kain dalam larutan kitosan-silika terhadap persentase aktivitas antibakterinya. Persentase aktivitas antibakteri setelah 24 jam pada kain tercelup komposit kitosan-silika dengan variasi pencelupan 5 kali adalah sebesar 18,52%, kain dengan 10 kali pencelupan adalah sebesar 22,06%, kain dengan 15 kali pencelupan adalah sebesar 32,87% dan dengan variasi pencelupan sebanyak 30 kali diperoleh persentase aktivitas antibakteri sebesar 39,32%.

The Age Dependent Activities of Digestive Enzymes in Rasbora, Rasbora lateristriata Blkr., (Pisces: Cyprinidae) Untung Susilo; Purnama Sukardi; Ridwan Affandi
Molekul Vol 13, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

This study was to evaluate the digestive enzyme activity included a total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase in Rasbora. This research was carried out using three different ages (2, 4 and 6 months) and in each age consisted of six groups (replicates). In this study 150 fish (±2 months age), 120 fish (± 4 months age) and 90 fish (± 6 months age) were used. All digestion enzyme activity was measured by the spectrophotometric method, except the lipase activity was by the titration method. The results showed that the distinctness of age resulted in a significant difference on total protease, trypsin, lipase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase (P <0.05), but no significant difference in amylase activity (P> 0.05). Total protease and trypsin activities were higher in fish of age two months than fish age four and six months, but the activity of lipase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase were higher in fish age of four months compared to two months age fish. Fish, with distinct age has the different nutrient digestion capacity as expressed by differences in the activity of the enzyme digestion, except amylase. These results contribute to the future development of digestive physiology, especially in Rasbora.Key Words: alkaline phosphatase, carbohydrase, lipase, protease, Rasbora

PEMANFAATAN KATALIS NI/ZEOLIT PADA HIDROGENASI KATALITIK ETIL PALMITAT MENJADI SETIL ALKOHOL Dwi Kartika; Triyono Triyono; Karna Wijaya; Dewi Yuanita L; D. Setyawan PH D. Setyawan PH
Molekul Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The catalytic hydrogenation of methyl palmitate to cetyl alcohol using Ni supported on activated natural zeolite catalysts (Ni/Zeolite) has been carried out. In this work, the effect of catalyst amounts and H2 flow rate on methyl palmitate conversion and yield of cetyl alcohol were studied. Catalytic hydrogenation was performed in stainless steel fixed bed reactor. The methyl palmitate (10 g) was loaded into the reactor vessel at 400 °C for 30 minutes. In order to study the effects of catalyst amount at constant H2 flow rate, the catalyst were varied i.e. 5, 10, and 15 g. To investigate the effects of H2 flow rate were varied from 20, 40, and 60 mL.min-1 at constant catalyst amount. The composition of the products was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that methyl palmitate conversion increase with the increasing of catalyst amount. The highest methyl palmitate conversion (45.62 %) and yield of cetyl alcohol (36.44 %) were obtained for 15 g catalyst and 40 mL. min-1 H2 flow rate.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE STEARATE ESTER FROM BACTERIAL CELLULOSE AND STEARIC ACID ENZYMATICALLY USING IMMOBILIZED LIPASE Suci Amaliyah
Molekul Vol 11, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The aims of this study were to determine the optimum conditions of enzymatic esterification between stearic acid with bacterial cellulose using immobilized lipase and to characterize the obtained ester. The optimum condition was observed by the effects of time and mass ratio of cellulose: stearic acid towards degree of esterification. The esterification reaction carried out in a heterogeneous system using n-butanol as solvent at 50 °C. The effect of reaction time on esterification degree is done by variating incubation time for 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 hours. The influence of the mass ratio of cellulose: stearic acid to the esterification degree was carried out by variating 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5 and 1: 6. Products characterization consist of functional group analysis by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), determining degree of substitution (DS) by saponification, swelling index by gravimetric method, and cristallinity by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that condition of esterification was optimum in 18 hours of reaction with mass ratio 1:5. The success of esterification was confirmed by FTIR spectrum that showed ester carbonyl peak at 1718.46 cm-1 . DS of cellulose stearate ester was 0.35. The swelling and crystallinity index of cellulose stearate was smaller than bacterial cellulose.

SINTESIS SENYAWA ETILENDIAMIN KALANON MELALUI REAKSI ADISI GUGUS ETILENDIAMIN TERHADAP IKATAN RANGKAP C7-8 DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTILEUKEMIA TERHADAP SEL LEUKEMIA L1210 Mochamad Chasani; Eva Vaulina; Ponco Iswanto; M. Hanafi M. Hanafi
Molekul Vol 3, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Calanone is a natural compound which could be isolated from tree bark of Calophyllum biflorum Hend and WS ( 0,37 % w/w, crude extract) which have been potency as antileucemia drug (IC50= 59,4 ug/mL). Based on the research, the compound can be used as an anti leukemia drug if it value of IC50 < 10 ug/mL. So the aim of this research are in order to get higher calanone activity by modified of double bond carbon-carbon and to obtained several compounds as well which has a higher activity than calanone of its original compound. Several compounds, several compound can be obtained by modified of doble bond carbon-carbon by ethylendiamine group and antileukemia test of the new compound calanone derivatives towards L1210 leukemia cell. The result of the analysis, using thin layer chromatography with eluent methanol:dichlorometane ( 1:6) , give Rf at 0.51 and initial melting point at range 149oC – 151oC. Infra red spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry were used to identify the synthesized product. The result showed that the mass spectra of ethylendiamine calanone give molecular ion at 449 (M+- H2O, NH3) and ions fragmen at m/e 449; m/e 434; m/e 393; m/e 105, m/e 77. Infra red spectra of its compound showed new peaks at 1620 cm -1 and 1063 cm -1. The activity value toward leukemia cell was IC50= 46,28 µg/mL and its value higther than calanone origin.

KADAR GLUKOSA DARI HIDROLISIS SELULOSA PADA ECENG GONDOK MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI Purbowatiningrum R Sarjono; Nies S Mulyani; Wirnia S Setyani
Molekul Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Telah kita ketahui bahwa eceng gondok merupakan salah satu sumber selulosa yang melimpah di alam dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbon bagi jamur Trichoderma viride. Eceng gondok memiliki bobot kering selulosa 21,5%, hemiselulosa 33,9% dan lignin 7,01%. Trichoderma viride adalah jamur saprofit yang berpotensi memproduksi selulase yang mampu mendegradasi ikatan β-1,4-glikosida pada rantai selulosa untuk menghasilkan glukosa. Glukosa dapat dimanfaatkan dalam produksi sirup gula, asam organik dan bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Trichoderma viride yang mampu tumbuh pada media pertumbuhan hasil modifikasi eceng gondok serta memperoleh temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis eceng gondok dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dalam menghasilkan glukosa.Proses pertama adalah persiapan sampel enceng gondok meliputi delignifikasi, kurva pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride dibuat dalam media modifikasi eceng gondok untuk mengetahui waktu optimum pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride. Penentuan temperatur optimum dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dari aktivitas Trichoderma viride didasarkan pada glukosa yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok menggunakan metode Nelson Somogyi.Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa Trichoderma viride mampu tumbuh pada media modifikasi eceng gondok. Temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok adalah 35oC dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dihasilkannya glukosa pada jam ke-96 yaitu sebesar 1,3864 mg/L.

Thermodynamic Properties of Water Adsorption on Gaplek Flour Fortified with Red Bead Tree Seed Margareta Novian Cahyanti; Alvama Pattiserlihun
Molekul Vol 13, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The moisture sorption isotherm data of gaplek flour fortified with red bead tree seed stored in a chamber, the relative humidity of chamber ranging from 10% to 97% regulated using a saturated salt solution, was determined at three temperatures 25°, 35°, and 45 °C. The experimental data used to determine the thermodynamic functions were isosteric heat of sorption, sorption entropy, and free energy changes. The sorption isosteric heats were determined by the application of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Isosteric heats of adsorption increased to maximum level and then declined with increase of moisture content. Adsorption entropy increased to maximum level and then declined with the increase of moisture content. The free energy changes increased with increase in moisture content. The spreading pressure increased with increasing water activity.

Page 15 of 34 | Total Record : 331

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Contact Name
Amin Fatoni

Contact Email
aminfatoni@unsoed.ac.id

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Journal Mail Official
j.molekul@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Jl. Dr. Soeparno No.61 Karangwangkal, Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah 53

Location
Kab. banyumas,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA