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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014" : 6 Documents clear
Produksi Spirulina platensis dalam fotobioreaktor kontinyu menggunakan media limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit Production of Spirulina platensis in continous photobioreactor using palm oil mill effluent media . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI; Shinta PERMATASARI; Khaswar SYAMSU
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (370.61 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.25

Abstract

AbstractCultivation of Spirulina platensis in an abundant available and inexpensive medium such as palm oil mill effluent (POME) will produce biomass and valuable active materials at competitive price.  Utilization of POME  will also reduce pollution level and support cleaned production.  The objectives of this research were to determine the dilution rate of  S. platensis and the reduction rate of pollution level of POME on continuous photobioreactor. Preliminary research was conducted by growing S. platensis on POME medium with various concentration, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% POME on batch system. The experiment was conducted in 1.2 L capacity continous photobioreactor using medium containing a mixture of POME and synthetic medium. Feeding rate was set up at 0.05 mL/5 sec. (dilution rate of  0.03 hr -1), 0,05 mL/10 sec. (dilution rate of  0.015 hr -1), and 0.05 mL/15 sec. (dilution rate of 0.01 hr -1). For optimum dilution rate, the experiment was scaled up eight times using 10 L capacity continous photobioreactor. The results showed that optimum growth rate of S. platensis (µmax) = 0.233, was achieved using medium consisting of 90% POME and 10% synthetic medium after two weeks. Dilution rate of 0.015 hr -1 on photobioreactor was the optimum dilution rate for growth of S. platensis as well as for decreasing polution level of POME. The result of the eight-times scale up photobioreactor using flow rate of 0.4 mL/10 sec and dilution rate of 0.015 hr -1 showed that the growth of S. platensis was relatively constant as reflected by the OD value of the suspension culture and the concentration of cellular biomass. At the optimum condition, production of S. platensis biomass was 0.267g/L and pollution level was decrease 24%. The rate of outflow also resulted the constant decrease of polution level based on total carbon (TC), total dissolve solid (TDS), dissolve oxygen (DO), BOD, and COD parameters indicating that  continuous photobioreactor was running at steady state.Abstrak Kultivasi S. platensis dalam media yang tersedia me-limpah dan murah seperti limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LC-PKS) akan menghasilkan biomassa dan bahan aktif bernilai ekonomi tinggi dengan harga kompetitif. Pemanfaatan  LC-PKS  juga  akan  mengurangi  dampak pen-cemaran lingkungan dan membantu menciptakan sistem produksi bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan laju dilusi optimum per-tumbuhan S. platensis dan laju penurunan tingkat cemaran LC-PKS pada fotobioreaktor sistem kontinyu. Untuk mengukur laju alir sistem kontinyu, pertama S. platensis ditumbuhkan pada media LC-PKS 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 90% dengan sistem batch.  Pertum-buhan S. platensis  pada fotobioreaktor sistem kontinyu kapasitas 1,2 L dirancang dengan variasi laju alir umpan berupa LC-PKS yang dicampur media sintetik pada konsentrasi optimum. Variasi laju alir pengumpanan diatur pada variasi 0.05 mL/5 detik (laju dilusi 0,03 jam-1), 0,05 mL /10 detik (laju dilusi 0,015 jam -1), dan 0,05 mL/15 detik (laju dilusi 0,01 jam-1). Pada laju alir optimum, skala percobaan diperbesar delapan kali menggunakan foto-bioreaktor berkapasitas 10 L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan maksimum (µ maks) adalah 0,233 jam-1 yang diperoleh dengan campuran media LC-PKS 90% dan media sintetik 10%  selama dua minggu. Fotobioreaktor dengan laju dilusi 0,015 jam-1 merupakan laju alir umpan yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan S. platensis serta menghasilkan penurunan tingkat cemaran LC-PKS yang optimum.  Hasil penelitian dengan perbesaran skala delapan kali menggunakan laju alir pengumpan 0,4 mL/10 detik  (laju dilusi 0,015 jam-1)  menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan S. platensis relatif konstan. Produksi biomassa sel rata-rata sebesar 0,267g/L dan kadar cemaran limbah rata-rata menurun sebesar 24%. Laju alir keluar (outflow) juga menghasilkan kadar cemaran limbah yang konstan ber-dasarkan parameter total karbon (TC), total dissolve solid (TDS), dissolve oxygen (DO), BOD, dan COD yang menunjukkan bahwa sistem fotobioreaktor kontinyu ini berjalan dengan baik.
Potensi masak tebang lima tipe sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) di kawasan hutan sagu Sentani, Papua Mature palm potency of five types of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) at sago forest area of Sentani, Papua Tati ROSTIWATI; Rina BOGIDARMANTI; Batseba A SURIPATTY; Sofwan BUSTOMI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (199.84 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.26

Abstract

Abstract Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is one of the most potential starch-producing crops, however its utilization has not yet optimal, only around 10%, and mostly from sago trees grown near the villages. The objective of this research was to collect data of the potentially productive trees which are Mid Trunk (MT) and Mature Palm (MP) at sago forest of Sentani, Papua province. Survey method was used for this research by making inventory tracks into three plots as subpopulation and three inventory tracks in every plot with 100 m length and 50 m width, and the distance between tracks was 150 m to find out the spreading and approximation of potential trees through multistage analysis. The observed parameters were number of cluster, number of MT and MP for every types of sago palm. The results show that there were three intra-species of spiny sago palms called Yakari, Bata, and Dondo, and two intra-species of unspiny sago palms called Yebha and Ojokuru. The dominant sago type was Yebha. The cluster was spreading sporadically with coefficient of variance (CV) at 24.3, The predicted number of MT was higher than MP. Numbers of MT and MP for every hectare of sago forest were very low, 1.3 MT/ha and 0.3 MP/haAbstrak Tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) merupakan tanaman penghasil karbohidrat yang sangat potensial, namun pemanfaataannya masih belum optimal, yaitu hanya sekitar 10%, dan sebagian besar merupakan tanaman sagu yang tumbuh di sekitar perkampungan. Tujuan dari peneli-tian ini adalah mendapatkan data pohon yang berpotensi produktif yaitu pohon Belum Masak Tebang (BMT) dan  pohon Masak Tebang (MT) di kawasan hutan sagu Sentani, provinsi Papua.  Metode survai digunakan pada penelitian ini dengan membuat jalur-jalur inventarisasi dalam  tiga plot sebagai sub-populasi dan  tiga jalur inventarisasi di setiap plot dengan panjang jalur 100 m, lebar jalur 50 m dan jarak antar jalur 150 m untuk mengetahui tebaran dan penaksiran potensi pohon melalui  analisis multi tahap. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah rumpun, pohon BMT dan MT untuk setiap jenis sagu. Hasil yang diperoleh: menunjukkan bahwa terdapat  tiga spesies sagu berduri yaitu, Yakari, Bata, Dondo dan dua spesies sagu tidak berduri yaitu:Yeba dan Ojokuru. Jenis yang mendominasi adalah Yebha. Terlihat adanya tebaran rumpun yang sporadis dengan koefisien keragaman (CV) =24,30, dengan jumlah pohon BMT yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pohon MT. Hasil penaksiran menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pohon per hektar sangat rendah berturut-turut  BMT 1,3 pohon/ha dan MT 0,3 pohon per ha.
Eksplorasi dan karakterisasi bakteri aerob ligninolitik serta aplikasinya untuk pengomposan tandan kosong kelapa sawit Exploration and characterization of ligninolytic aerobic bacteria and its application in composting oil palm empty fruit bunch Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Happy WIDIASTUTI; . SUHARYANTO; . SISWANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (347.531 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.27

Abstract

AbstractLignin is a complex compounds that makes up the cell walls of plants and is quite difficult to degrade at normal ambient condition.  One of the organic materials with high  lignin content is empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm. So far, the well-studied microorganism to degrade lignin is of a class of fungi. Utilization of bacteria to degrade lignin in EFB has rarely been reported although application of the bacteria is very important if it is associated with aerobic composting which requires regular turning process and supporting clean development mechanism (CDM). The objective of this study was to explore and characterize the bacteria having capability to degrade lignin in EFB. The result showed that from 14 types of sample, 12 and 11 isolates were obtained through non enrichment and enrichment methods respectively. Qualitative test was performed using a lignin derivative dye (methylene blue/MB) suspended in Luria Bertani (LB) solid media and the formation of the clear zone was observed, while quantitative assay was performed with enzyme activity assays of laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (Mn-P), and lignin peroxidase (Li-P). The best isolate (FS isolate) was obtained from enrichment method that able to make 0.6 cm clear zone of LB media + MB and actively produced laccase, manganese peroxidase with and without addition of Mn with an activity of 2.68, 20.02, and 0.36 U/mL, respectively. While the best isolate from non enrichment method was CRK 1, that was able to make   0.3 cm clear zone and produced Mn-peroxidase with and without addition of Mn as much as 2.09 and 0.23 U/mL, respectively. Application of the decomposer formula could speed upthe declining rate of C/N ratio and suppressing Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.in EFB compost produced. Abstrak Lignin merupakan senyawa kompleks yang menyusun dinding sel tanaman dan cukup sulit didegradasi secara alami. Salah satu bahan organik yang mempunyai kadar lignin tinggi adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Sejauh ini, mikroorganisme yang banyak dipelajari dalam mendegradasi lignin adalah dari golongan jamur. Peng-gunaan bakteri dalam mendegradasi lignin pada TKKS belum banyak dilaporkan walaupun peran bakteri lignino-litik aerob sangat penting jika dikaitkan dengan proses pengomposan secara aerob yang membutuhkan pembalikan secara berkala danprogram clean development mechanism (CDM). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dan meng-karakterisasi  bakteri  yang  berpotensi  mendegradasi lignin  dalam pengomposan TKKS. Dari 14 jenis sampel diperoleh sebanyak 12 dan 11 isolat melalui metode tanpa dan dengan pengkayaan. Uji kualitatif dilakukan dengan mengukur terbentuknya zona bening pada media Luria Bertani (LB) padat yang mengandung senyawa warna turunan lignin (biru metilen/MB).Uji kuantitatif dilakukan dengan mengukur aktivitaslakase, Mn-peroksidase, dan lignin peroksidase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat FS  merupakan isolat terbaik dari metode pengkayaan yang mampu membentuk zona bening pada medium LB + MB  0,6 cm, sedangkan isolat terbaik dari metode tanpa pengkayaan adalah CRK 1 dengan zona bening 0,3 cm pada medium yang sama setelah inkubasisemalam. Isolat FS memiliki aktivitas lakase, Mn-peroksidase dengan dan tanpa Mn berturut-turut adalah sebesar 2,68; 20,02; dan0,36 U/mL, sedangkan isolat CRK 1 memiliki aktivitas Mn-peroksidase dengan dan tanpa Mnberturut-turut adalah 2,09 dan 0,23 U/mL. Aplikasi formula dekomposer pada pengompos-an 200 ton TKKS mampu mempercepat laju penurunan nisbah C/N dan menekan populasi Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp.
Penapisan bakteri penghasil bioplastik polihidroksi alkanoat dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit Screening of bioplastics polyhydroxy alkanoic producing bacteria from landfill and palm oil mill effluents Irma KRESNAWATY; Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Agustin Sri MULYATNI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (302.734 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.28

Abstract

AbstractPlastic wastes  have  become a serious problem  of  the world  because of  unbiodegradable  property. There are many  solutions to this problem  and  one of  them is by replacing conventional plastic base  material with  the  biodegradable  materials. Bioplastic material that is quite important for industries and  recently being developed  by  scientists  is Polyhydroxyalcanoate (PHA). It is a natural polyester which  can be produced  by several microorganisms, like bacteria and algae. Bacterial isolations  from landfills waste and  palm oil mill effluents were conducted on this research. Preliminary screenings of PHA-producing-bacteria were examined qualitatively using  0.05%  Nile red dye. The selection results showed  that among 32 bacterial isolates, 10  of  them could  accumulate PHA  which  could be detected qualitatively through  its  fluorescence in  UV  ray  at λ 235 nm. TH-D092 and LC-S05 isolates originated  respectively  from landfill and  palm oil mill effluent had ability to accumulate PHA respectively  6.67 and 9.44% dried cell weight. Identification  of  the microbe concluded  that TH-D092  was Pseudomonas aeroginosa, whilst LC-S05 and LC-D02 isolates was  Bacillus subtilis.AbstrakLimbah plastik menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi dunia karena sulit didegradasi mikroba. Salah satu solusi masalah adalah dengan mengganti bahan dasar plastik konvensional dengan plastik biodegradable (bioplastik). Bahan bioplastik yang cukup penting bagi indutri  dan saat ini terus dikembangkan oleh peneliti adalah Polihidroksial- kanoat (PHA). PHA merupakan poliester alami yang dapat diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme, seperti bakteri dan alga. Pada penelitian dilakukan isolasi bakteri dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah (TPS) dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS). Penapisan awal bakteri penghasil PHA dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan pewarna Nile red  0.05%. Hasil penapisan menunjukkan diantara ke-32  isolat bakteri diperoleh 10 isolat mampu mengakumulasi PHA secara kualitatif, yaitu isolat yang mampu menimbulkan  pendaran floresen pada sinar UV  pada λ 235 nm. Isolat TH-D092 dari tanah tempat pembuangan  sampah dan isolat LC-S05 dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit memiliki kemampuan mengakumulasi PHA berturut-turut  6,67 dan 9,44% dari berat sel kering. Hasil identifikasi spesies bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat TH-DO9 termasuk Pseudomonas aeroginosa, LC-SO5 dan LC-DO2 termasuk Bacillus subtilis.
Ekspresi gen penyandi ACCase subunit biotin karboksilase dari mesokarp buah kelapa sawit pada Escherichia coli Expression of gene encoding ACCase subunit biotin carboxylase from oil palm fruit mesocarp in Escherichia coli Asmini BUDIANI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (572.104 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.29

Abstract

Abstract Production of palm oil could be increased, one of which is by increasing oil content in the mesocarp of oil palm. This might be done by increasing the activity of key enzymes of the oil biosynthesis pathway in the oil palm mesocarp. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase has been reported as the enzyme that plays important role in oil accumulation in the oil palm mesocarp. Gene encoding one subunit of ACCase, biotin carboxylase (BC) had been isolated from oil palm mesocarp and cloned in E. coli. This reseach was aimed to examine the expression of the cloned BC gene in the E. coli. The cloned cDNA encoding BC was reisolated from recom-binant E. coli by PCR using spesific primers. The PCR products were verified in the agarose gel, and then ligated to pTrcHis-TOPO expression vector. The ligation product, recombinant vector pTrcHis-TOPO/BC, was introduced into E. coli XL1-Blue. Recombinant colonies grew in the selection media were analyzed using PCR to confirm the existent of the target DNA.  The colonies, which have been confirmed to contain target DNA were then subcultured in the LB media, for extraction of total protein. The protein extract was then analyzed quantitatively by Lowry method, and qualitatively by electrophoresis on SDS polyacrylamide gel. The result showed that recombinant plasmid pTrcHis-TOPO/BC has been successfully inserted into E. coli XL-1 Blue. SDS-PAGE analysis of the extracted protein showed that recombinant E. coli produced specific protein with MW of about 43 kDa, much higher compared with that of untransformed E. coli. This results demonstrate that  the cloned BC was strongly expressed in E. coli Abastrak Produksi minyak sawit dapat ditingkatkan, salah satu-nya dengan meningkatkan rendemen minyak. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara  meningkatkan aktivitas enzim kunci biosintesis minyak pada mesokarp buah sawit. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase telah dilaporkan merupakan enzim yang berperan penting dalam akumulasi minyak pada mesokarp kelapa sawit. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, gen penyandi salah satu subunit ACCase, yaitu biotin carboxylase (BC), telah diisolasi dari jaringan mesokarp kelapa sawit dan diklon pada E.coli. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji ekspresi gen tersebut pada E. coli. cDNA penyandi BC diisolasi kembali dari E. coli rekombinan dengan PCR menggunakan pasangan primer spesifik. Hasil isolasi diveri-fikasi pada gel agarose, kemudian diligasikan dengan vektor ekspresi  pTrcHis-TOPO.  Vektor  rekombinan (pTrcHis-TOPO/BC) hasil ligasi diintroduksikan ke dalam E. coli XL1-Blue. Koloni rekombinan yang tumbuh pada media seleksi dianalisis menggunakan PCR untuk mengkonfirmasi ada tidaknya sisipan DNA target. Koloni yang  terbukti mengandung sisipan DNA target dikulturkan pada media LB kemudian protein total diekstrak dari kultur E. coli dan dianalisis dengan elektroforesis SDS-PAGE. Hasil PCR koloni menunjukkan bahwa transformasi E. Coli XL-1 Blue menggunakan konstruk vektor rekombinan pTrcHis-TOPO/ BC berhasil baik. Analisis SDS-PAGE dari ekstrak protein menunjukkan bahwa E. coli rekombinan menghasilkan protein dengan berat molekul sekitar 43 kDa yang inten-sitasnya jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan protein yang sama yang dihasilkan oleh E. coli  yang tidak ditrans-formasi. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa gen penyandi BC dalam vektor pTrcHis-TOPO dapat diekspresikan dengan kuat pada   E. coli.
Molecular markers and their application for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity studies in Coffea species Marka molekuler dan penerapannya untuk studi sidik jari DNA dan keragaman genetik pada spesies Coffea . PRIYONO; Riza Arief PUTRANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (324.678 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.30

Abstract

AbstrakStrategi klasik yang meliputi perbandingan anatomi, fisiologi dan sitogenetika telah banyak diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter tertentu serta untuk menentukan keragaman dan hubungan antar dan intra spesies. Namun, saat ini penanda molekuler telah melengkapi strategi sebelumnya dengan sangat cepat. Berbagai jenis penanda molekuler digunakan untuk menilai tingkat polimorfisme DNA. Penanda molekuler ini diklasifikasikan sebagai penanda berbasis hibridisasi dan berbasis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sistem penanda DNA yang berbeda seperti Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) yang juga disebut Mikrosatelit, Single Nucleotide Polymorphims (SNPs) dan lain-lain telah dikembangkan dan diterapkan pada berbagai spesies tanaman. Penanda molekuler ini dapat digunakan untuk sidik jari DNA dan studi keragaman genetik. Sidik jari berdasarkan DNA telah banyak digunakan dalam ilmu forensik, juga memiliki berbagai aplikasi dalam pemuliaan tanaman. Tulisan ini memberikan overview tentang berbagai penanda molekuler dan aplikasinya untuk sidik jari dan kajian keragaman genetik tanaman berdasarkan DNA pada berbagai spesies tanaman, dan secara khusus pada Coffea sp.AbstractConventional strategies including comparative anatomy, physiology and cytogenetics were applied to identify the certain character as well as to determine inter- and intra-species diversity and relationships. However, more recently molecular markers have very rapidly complemented the previous strategies. Various types of molecular markers are used to assess DNA polymorphism. They are classified as hybridization-based markers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers. In recent years, different DNA marker systems such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Random Amplied Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which also called as microsatellites, Single Nucleotide  Polymorphims  (SNPs)  and  others  have been developed and applied to a range of plant species. These molecular markers can be used for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity study. DNA fingerprinting has been widely used in forensic science, but is has also a variety of application in plant breeding. This paper provides an overview about various molecular markers and their application for DNA plant fingerprinting and genetic diversity, especially in Coffea sp.

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