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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Peningkatan vigor kelapa sawit melalui pengayaan kecambah dengan Trichoderma asperellum, Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular dan Enterobacter sacchari Increasing of oil palm seedling vigor through seed enrichment with Trichoderma asperellum, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, and Enterobacter sacchari) Esty Puri UTAMI; Eny WIDAJATI; Endah Retno PALUPI; Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.267

Abstract

Oil palm is a leading commodity of the plantation sector in Indonesia. Improving the quality of oil palm still be carried out to increase production. Seed technology can be used as an effort to improve the quality of oil palm seeds. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of seed enrichment with consortium of three microbes to increase vigor of oil palm seedling in pre nursery stage. The experiment design of this reseach was using completely randomize block design consisted of two factors. The first was seed coating consist of two factors, ie: coated seed and uncoated seed. Second was seed enrichment consist of eight factors, ie: control, enrichment with E. sacchari, abruscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), T. asperellum, E. sacchari+ AMF, E. sacchari+ T. asperellum, AMF + T. asperellum, E. sacchari+ AMF + T. asperellum. The result showed that enrichment with consortium of three microbes could increase vigor of oil palm seedling based on seedling germination, rate of germination, palm height, and numbers of survival seedling.[Keywords:biological agent, compatibility, diazotroph] Abstrak *) Penulis korespondensi: eny.widajati61@gmail.com Kelapa sawit adalah komoditas unggulan sektor perkebunan di Indonesia. Peningkatan mutu kelapa sawit terus dilakukan agar mening-katkan produksinya. Teknologi benih dapat digu-nakan sebagai salah satu upaya peningkatan mutu benih kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan pengaruh pengayaan konsorsium tiga mikroba, E. sacchari,T. asperellumdan cendawan mikoriza arbuskular (CMA) dan pelapisan kecambah terhadap peningkatan vigor bibit kelapa sawit di pre nursery. Percobaan dirancang dengan rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor, yaitu pelapisan dan pengayaan. Pelapisan terdiri dari dua taraf, yaitu dengan pelapisan dan tanpa pelapisan. Pengayaan terdiri dari 8 taraf, yaitu kontrol, pengayaan dengan E. sacchari, CMA, T. asperellum, E. sacchari+ CMA, E. sacchari + T. asperellum,CMA + T.asperellum,E. sacchari+ CMA + T. asperellum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengayaan dengan konsor-sium tiga mikroba dapat meningkatkan vigor bibit kelapa sawit berdasarkan parameter daya tumbuh, kecepatan tumbuh, tinggi bibit, dan jumlah bibit yang hidup.  [Kata kunci:    agen hayati,    diazotrop, kompa-tibilitas]
Biostimulasi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) pada fase awal di lahan kering (Biostimulation of vegetative growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in the initial phase on dry land) Sri WAHYUNI; Hanning Susilo HABIBULLAH; Soekarno Mismana PUTRA; Dian Mutiara AMANAH; . SISWANTO; . PRIYONO; Djoko SANTOSO; Saptowo Jumali PARDAL
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.284

Abstract

AbstractThe expansion of sugarcane areas as a support to national sugar production has shifted to sub-optimal dry land. In drought stress conditions, early growth of sugarcane usually can inhibite and decrease its productivity. This study aimed to test the efficacy of organic biostimulant in increasing vegetative growth of sugarcane in the dry land. Firstly, seedlings were submerged with biostimulant of Citorin-Rfor overnight. Secondly, the biostimulant application of Citorin-S was carried out by foliar sprayat age1 and4 months old trees. Humicacid 0.5% (v/v) was applied in soil before planting while the application of mycorrhiza was carried out by direct pouring on soil during planting. The results showed that the initial vegetative growth of biostimulant-treated sugarcane stem diameter and length were 23% wider and 27% higher compared to that of control, respectively. In subsequent growth cycle, all observed vegetative parameters showed higher growth value in the biostimulant-treated sugarcanes than that of the control. Plant height, stem diameter and number of tillers of biostimulant-treated sugarcanes had significantly higher values than that of the control. P3 treatment (organic biostimulant plus humic acid and mycorrhiza) was the best treatment. The height and diameter of P3 sugarcane stems were 47% wider and 59% higher, respectively, compared to that of control at 107 DAP.[Keywords: biostimulant, plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers, number of leaves] Abstrak Penambahan areal tanaman tebu untuk mendukung peningkatan produksi gula nasional telah bergeser ke areal sub-optimal lahan kering. Pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan, pertumbuhan awal tebu biasanya terhambat dan dapat menurunkan produktivitas saat panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efikasi biostimulan organik untukmeningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman tebu pada fase awal di lahan kering. Perlakuan biostimulan Citorin-R diaplikasikan pada benih dengan cara perendaman semalam. Perlakuan kedua, biostimulan Citorin-S disemprotkanpada saat tanaman tebu berumur 1 dan 4 bulan secara foliar spray. Aplikasi asam humat 0,5 % (v/v) di tanah dilakukan sebelum tanam, sedangkan aplikasi mikoriza dilakukan dengan pemberian langsung pada tanah saat penanaman bagal tebu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pertumbuhan vegetatif awal tanaman tebu perlakuan memiliki diameter batang sekitar 23% dan tinggi tanaman 27% lebih tinggi daripada tebu kontrol. Pada pertumbuhan selanjutnya, semua parameter vegetatif yang diamati menunjukkan nilai pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi pada tanaman tebu perlakuan daripada kontrol. Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan jumlah anakan secara statistik berbeda nyata lebih tinggi pada tanaman tebu perlakuan daripada kontrol. Perlakuan P3 (biostimulan organik plus asam humat dan mikoriza) adalah perlakuan terbaik. Tinggi dan diameter batang tanaman tebu P3 masing-masing 47% dan 59% lebih besar daripada batang tanaman kontrol pada 107 hari setelah tanam (HST).  [Kata kunci :biostimulan, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah anakan, jumlah daun]
Effect of Tithonia diversifolia extract on the biodegradability of the bioplastics in plantation soil (Pengaruh ekstrak Tithonia diversifolia terhadap biodegradabilitas bioplastik di tanah perkebunan) . ISROI; Nendyo A WIBOWO; Evi SAVITRI; Deden D ERIS; Agus PURWANTARA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.293

Abstract

Effect of Tithonia diversifoliaextract on biodegradability of the bioplastic was evaluated using plantation soil as natural inoculum. The bioplastic was a composite of cellulose from cacao pod husk, starch and enriched by tithoniaextract. Biodegradation test wasereconducted in the glass jar for 60 days. The carbon dioxide generated from the biodegradation test titrated by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solutions. The carbon dioxide was measured with 0.1 N HCl and using phenolphthalein followed by methyl orange as indicator. Carbon dioxide was detected in the bioplastic samples but not detected in the conventional plastic sample during the test. Biodegradation of the bioplastic enriched by tithoniaextract was higher than  that of the bioplastic without tithoniaextract. Biodegra-dation rate of the bioplastic samples in plantation soil were 0.068 mg CO2/day and 0.178 mg CO2/day for the bioplastic without and with tithoniaextract, respectively. Biodegradation of the bioplastic samples for 45 days were 12.44% and 28.07% for the bioplastic without and with tithoniaextract, respectively. Complete biodegradation of the bioplastic predicted in 244 days and 200 days for the bioplastic without and with tithoniaextract, respectively. [Kata kunci :Tithonia diversifolia, biodegrada-bility, bioplastic, plantation soil]. AbstrakPengaruh ekstrak Tithonia diversifoliaterhadap biodegradabilitas bioplastik dievaluasi dengan menggunakan tanah perkebunan sebagai inokulum alami. Bioplastik yang digunakan adalah komposit selulosa dari kulit buah kakao, pati dan diperkaya dengan ekstrak tithonia. Uji biodegra-dasi dilakukan di dalam botol selama 60 hari. Karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan dari uji biodegradasi diserap oleh larutan natrium hidroksida 0,1 N. Karbon dioksida dititrasi dengan HCl 0,1 N dan menggunakan fenolftalein diikuti dengan metil jingga sebagai indikator. Karbon dioksida terdeteksi pada sampel bioplastik namun tidak terdeteksi pada sampel plastik konvensional.Bioplastik yang diperkaya dengan ekstrak tithonia menghasilkan tingkat biodegradasi yang lebih tinggi dari pada bioplastik tanpa ekstrak tithonia. Tingkat biodegradasi sampel bioplastik di tanah perkebunan adalah 0,068 mg CO2/hari dan0,188 mg CO2/hari masing-masing untuk bioplastik tanpa dan dengan ekstrak tithonia. Biodegradasi sampel bioplastik selama 45 hari adalah 12,44% dan 28,07%berturut-turutuntuk bioplastik tanpa dan dengan ekstrak tithonia. Biodegradasi keseluruhan bioplastik diperkirakan membutuh-kan waktu 244 hari dan 200 harimasing-masinguntuk bioplastik tanpa dan dengan ekstrak tithonia.[Keywords:Tithonia diversifolia, biodegradaibi-litas, bioplastik, tanah perkebunan].
Emisi gas rumah kaca, cadangan karbon serta strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi pada perkebunan kopi rakyat di Nusa Tenggara Barat (Greenhouse gas emission, carbon stock, adaptation and mitigation strategies at smallholder coffee plantation in West Nusa Tenggara) Ali PRAMONO; . SADMAKA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.294

Abstract

Global warming and climate change are the world's major environmental, social and economic problems. The agricultural sector can act as an affected victim, greenhouse gas (GHG) contributor, and GHG absorber. Plantations have a very strategic role in the national action plan in GHG mitigation, because it has a great ability to absorb CO2. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the carbon stocks and GHG emissions from plantation management. The objectivesof the study wereto measure GHG emissions,to determine carbon stocks,and to define adaptation and mitigation strategies on climate change in existing coffee plantation systems. Gas samples were taken from 5 sampling points as replications by closedchamber method. Carbon stock estimation was done by destructive technique, including biomass of understorey and non-wood necromass. The results showed that the coffee plantations less than 10 years-oldat the study sites emitted 47 tons CO2-e/ha/year and stored carbon of 91.4 tons C/ha. Climate change adaptation strategies can be done by the application of good agricultural practices (GAP)andthe use of drought-tolerantclones, mulches,shade trees,multiple cropping systems, silt pitsand biophore techniques. The GHG mitigation can be done by the utilization of plantation waste as a source of organic fertilizer, biochar, animal feed, and bioenergy sources through the development of models of integration crop and livestock systems, as well as rejuvenation of plantation crops to increase carbon sinks and stocks.  [Keywords: climate change, carbon sequestration, coffee plantations] Abstrak Pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim menjadi masalah utama lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi dunia hingga saat ini. Sektor pertanian dapat berperan sebagai korban terdampak, penyumbang Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK), dan penyerapGRK. Tanaman perkebunan mempunyai posisi sangat strategis dalam rencana aksi nasional di sektor pertanian, karena memiliki kemampuan besar dalam menyerap CO2. Oleh karena itu, pengukuran cadangan karbon dan emisi GRK dari pengelolaan perkebunan perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengukur emisi GRK, menentukan cadangan karbon dan menetapkan strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi terhadap perubahan iklim pada sistem perkebunan kopi rakyat eksisting di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pengambilan contoh gas dilakukan di limatitik sampling dengan metode sungkup tertutup. Penghitungan cadangan karbon di atas permukaan tanah dilakukan dengan cara destruktifyang mencakup juga penetapan cadangan karbon biomassatanaman bawah dan biomassaserasah (ne-kromas non kayu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkebunan kopi rakyat yang berumur kurang dari 10 tahun di lokasi penelitianmeng-emisikan karbon sebesar 47 ton CO2-e/ha/tahundan menyimpan cadangankarbon sebesar 91,4ton C/ha. Strategi adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan praktik Pertanian yang baik/ Good Agricultural Practices(GAP), penggunaan klon tahan kekeringan, penggunaan mulsa organik, pemanfaatanpohon penaungdan sistem tumpang sari, pembuatan rorak dan biopori.Mitigasi GRK dapat dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan limbah tanaman perkebunan sebagai sumber pupukorganik, arang (biochar), pakan ternak, dan sumber bioenergimelalui pengem-bangan model sistem integrasi tanaman dan ternak,serta peremajaan tanaman perkebunan yang sudah menurun produktivitasnya untuk meningkatkan serapan dan cadangankarbon. [Kata kunci :perubahan iklim, sekuestrasi karbon, perkebunan kopi]
Isolasi dan karakterisasi gen dehydrin dari tebu (Saccharum officinarumL.) yang terlibat dalam respon toleransi cekaman kekeringan (Isolation and characterization of dehydrin gene from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) involved in drought tolerance response) Hayati MINARSIH; . FANIAR; Tati KRISTANTI; Dian M AMANAH; . SUSTIPRIJATNO; Sony SUHANDONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.300

Abstract

Nowadays,the development of molecular biology techniques has enabled to engineer drought tolerant sugarcane to accelerate thebreeding program. Dehydrin(DHN)that belong to the group II late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) family is known to havean important role in plant response and adaptation to abiotic stresses (drought, high salinity, cold, heat, etc.). Literature study and bioinformatics analysis reported that DHN1gene on sugarcane showed high homology sequences with sorghum DHN. The expression of DHN1gene on sugarcane var. PSJT 941 treated with various periodof drought stress had been conducted using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR method. The results showed that the expressionlevel of DHN1 geneincreased along withthe increased period of the treatment. The highest expression level of DHN1 gene was resulted from plants that had been subjected to drought for 25 days. Amplification of DHN1gene  from plants withthe highest gene expression, resulted an amplicon  with a size of 465 bp which representsa full length coding sequence (CDS) of DHN1. Identification using Blast analysis showed that DHN1sequences  from sugarcane var. PSJT 941 shared high homology with DHN gene on sugarcane and sorghum. The alignment results also revealed a conserved motif that characterized DHN genes.[Key words: drought stress, dehydrin, DHN1gene, sugarcane]Abstrak Dengan berkembangnya teknik biologi molekuler saat ini, maka perakitan tanaman tebu yang toleran kekeringan lebih diarahkan melalui teknik rekayasa genetika untuk mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman.  Protein dehydrin (DHN) yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok II  famili LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant)diketahui berperan penting dalam respon dan adaptasi tanaman terhadap cekaman abiotik (kekeringan, salinitas tinggi, suhu dingin, panas, dll). Studi literatur dan analisis bioinformatika menunjukkan bahwa gen DHN1pada tanaman tebu memiliki homologi yang tinggi dengan gen DHNpada sorghum. Analisis ekspresi gen DHN1pada tanaman  tebu varietasPSJT 941yang diberi cekaman kekeringan telah dilakukan menggunakan semi-kuantitatifreverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR dan terlihat bahwa ekspresi gen DHN1meningkat secara nyata sejalan dengan semakin lamanya waktu pemberian cekaman. Tingkat ekspresi gen DHN1paling tinggi diperoleh dari tanaman yang mengalami cekaman kekeringan selama 25 hari.  Amplifikasi gen DHN1pada tanaman dengan tingkat ekspresi yang paling tinggi menunjukkan pita dengan ukuran 465 bp yang merepresentasikan full coding sequence(CDS) gen DHN1. Identifikasi menggunakan analisis Blast menunjukkan bahwa sekuen gen DHN1dari tanaman tebu varietas PSJT 941yang diperoleh memiliki homologi yang tinggi dengan gen DHNpada tanaman tebu dan sorghum. Hasil penjajaran sekuen protein juga menunjukkan adanya motif lestari yang mencirikan gen DHN. [Kata kunci: cekaman kekeringan, dehydrin, gen DHN1, tebu]
Sintesis karboksimetil selulosa dari sisa baglog jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) (Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from ex-baglog of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)) Firda DIMAWARNITA; TRI - PANJI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.304

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) contain high organic materials that can be used as medium for growing white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus).Cellulose content in the OPEFB is high (33%), enabling it to be converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). This study determined the characteristics of the CMC produced from the waste of growth media of oyster mushrooms (baglog). The composition of the baglog consists of 70.3% OPEFB; 23.4% sawdust; 4.5% bran; 1.3% CaCO3; and 0.4% TSP. The CMC was prepared from the ex-baglog of the mushrooms including delignification, alkalization, carboxylation, and characterization of the product using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Difraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis (SEM). The results showed that the raw material after treatment contained 80.20% a cellulose, 12.32% hemicellulose, and no lignin was found. FTIR-based functional group analysis of the CMC and the commercial CMC was found to be present at 1091,37 cm-1and 1016,84 cm-1for the C-O bond. SEM analysis of the sample with no chemical bleaching for further delignification showed that small impurities were still present. The CMC treated with 10% sodium hydroxide exhibited 0.64 degree of substitution, 43 cP viscosity, and 73.40% purity. Based on these results, ex-baglog of white oyster mushroom can be extracted into CMC.[Keywords:OPEFB, CMC, delignification,  Pleurotus ostreatus, XRD, SEM]. Abstrak Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) mengandung bahan organik tinggi yang bisa dijadikan sebagai media pertumbuhan jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus). Kandungan selulosa dalam TKKS (33%) yang mungkin dikonversi menjadi karboksimetil selulosa (CMC). Penelitian ini bertujuan mencirikan CMC yang dihasilkan dari limbah media pertumbuhan jamur tiram (baglog). Komposisi baglog sebagai media pertumbuhan jamur tersebut terdiri atas TKKS 70,3%; serbuk gergaji 23,4%; dedak 4,5%; CaCO31,3%; dan TSP 0,4%. Penyiapan CMC dari ex-baglog jamur meliputi delignifikasi, alkalisasi, karboksilasi, dan karakterisasi produk CMC dengan analisis Fourier Transform Infrared Spetroscopy(FTIR), X-Ray Difraction(XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ex-baglog setelah perlakuan mengandung ɑ-selulosa sebanyak 80,20%, hemiselulosa 12,32%, lignin 0%, dan sisanya merupakan impurities(b/b). Gugus fungsi CMC dari TKKS dan CMC komersial memperlihatkan serapan inframerah pada 1091 cm-1dan 1017 cm-1untuk ikatan C-O. Analisis dengan mikroskop elektron menunjukkan bahwa tanpa delignifikasi lebih lanjut, masih ditemukan kotoran. Karakteristik CMC yang diolah dengan natrium hidroksida 10% memiliki derajat substitusi 0,64, viskositas 43 cP, dan kemurnian 73,40%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sisa baglog perumbuhan jamur tiram dapat diekstraksi menjadi CMC.  [Kata kunci:TKKS,  CMC,  delignifikasi,  Pleurotus ostreatus, XRD, SEM].
Embriogenesis somatik dari pucuk tunas tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Somatic embryogenesis from shoot tip of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)) Rizka Tamania SAPTARI; . SUMARYONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.313

Abstract

 Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important crop in the dry areas of the Middle East and North Africa. This palm has been introduced to many countries but has not been grown commercially in Indonesia. Date palm propaga-tion by seeds is easy but its progenies are varied and a half of them are male trees that will not produce fruits. Meanwhile, the propagation by offshoots is impractical and technically difficult. Tissue culture makes it possible to massproduce of genetically identicalsuperior date palms. This research aimed to develop somatic embryogenesis (SE) of date palm using shoot tipand young leaves of date palm seedling as explants. Steps on somatic embryogenesis are explant sterilization, callus initiation and proliferation, somatic embryos induction and maturation, and plantlets matura-tion and rooting. Calli emerged from shoot tip explants after  9 weeks of culture in a modified MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/L 2,4-D, 1 mg/L or  3 mg/L 2-iP, and 1.5 g/L active charcoal. The callus was able to bear somatic embryo in the modified MS medium without hormones. Somatic embryos then developed into plantlets, and roots of plantlets were effectively initiated in the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L IBA.[Keywords:sterilization,  callogenesis, somatic embryo induction, plantlet rooting, clonal propagation]. Abstrak  Tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) merupakan tanaman terpenting di wilayah kering Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara. Palma ini telah menyebar ke banyak negara, namun belum ditanam secara komersial di Indonesia. Perbanyakan kurma dengan biji sangat mudah tetapi turunannya sangat beragam dan setengahnya merupakan tanaman jantan yang tidak berbuah. Perbanyakan dengan anakan (offshoots) secara komersial tidak praktis dan relatif sulit. Kultur jaringan memungkinkan untuk dihasilkan secara massal bibit tanaman kurma varietas unggul yang secara genetik seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan embriogenesis somatik menggunakan eksplan pucuk tunasdan daun muda dari bibit tanaman kurma. Pengembangan embriogenesis somatik terdiri dari tahap sterilisasi eksplan, inisiasi dan proliferasi kalus, induksi dan maturasi embrio somatik, serta pembesaran dan pembentukan akar planlet. Kalus terbentuk dari eksplan pucuk tunassetelah 9 minggu dikultur pada medium MS modifikasi yang ditambahkan 2,4-D 10 mg/L,  2-iP 1 mg/L atau 3 mg/L, dan arang aktif 1,5 g/L.Kalus berhasil diinduksi menghasilkanembrio somatik pada medium MS modifikasi tanpa penggunaan hormon. Embrio somatik kemudian berkembang hingga menjadi planlet, dan akar planlet secara efektif terinisiasipada medium yang ditambahkan NAA 0,5 mg/L dan IBA1 mg/L.  [Kata kunci :sterilisasi,  kalogenesis, induksi embrio somatik, pengakaran planlet, propagasi klonal].
Antagonisme beberapa bakteri endofit Arecaceae terhadap Curvularia sp. patogen penyebab bercak daun yang diisolasi dari tanaman kelapa kopyor (Antagonism of selected Arecaceae endophytic bacteria against Curvularia sp. leaf spot pathogen isolated from coconut kopyor) Deden Dewantara ERIS; Agus PURWANTARA; Abdul MUNIF; Bonny Poernomo Wahyu SOEKARNO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.318

Abstract

Coconut kopyor is one of the most important commodities. One of the problems in coconut kopyor cultivation is grey leaf spot disease caused by Curvularia sp. Using endophytic bacteria is one of the control technique that is environmentally friendly. A total of 40 selected endophytic Arecaceaebacteria isolated from coconut kopyor, palm oil, aren, nibung and pejibaye were tested for their inhibitory ability to Curvularia sp.through antibiotic and volatile organic compound (VOC)test.The antibiotic test showed that thirty three  endophytic bacteria isolates have inhibitory capacity againstCurvularia sp. in a range of inhibition from 4.4% to 86.6%. Isolates with the highest inhibition were EAKSS 502, EAKSS 520 and EAKSS 507. VOC test showed that EAPJN 216, EAKSS 532, EAAPN 225, EAAPN 506, EAAPN 507 and EAAPN 557 were produced VOC that suppressed the growth of Curvulariasp fungal colonies in a range from 92.27% to 97.21%. Based on the best combination of antibiotic and production of volatile organic compound test, there were four potential isolates to inhibit the growth of Curvulariasp. in vitro i.e. EAKSS 502, EAKSS 507, EAKPN 201 and EAPJN 216. Those isolates were molecularly identified as Serratia marcescensstrain PIGB81, Burkholderiasp. DOP Ma316, S. marcescensstrain RY21 and S. marcescensstrain LB21.The four isolates were isolated from different plants such oil palm, coconut kopyor and pejibaye.[Keywords: antibiotics,Burkholderia,malforma-tion, Serratia,suppression, volatile compound]AbstrakKelapa kopyor saat ini menjadi salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang penting. Salah satu masalah dalam pembudidayaan kelapa kopyor adalah serangan penyakit bercak kelabu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Curvulariasp. Penggunaan bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu cara control yang ramah lingkungan.Sebanyak 40 isolat bakteri endofit asal tanaman Arecaceaediisolasi dari tanaman kelapa kopyor, kelapa sawit, aren, nibung dan pejibaye diujikan kemampuan penghambatannya terhadap Curvulariasp. melalui uji antibiosis dan uji produksi senyawa organik volatil (VOC). Uji antibiosis menunjukkan se-banyak 33 isolat bakteri endofit menunjukkan daya penghambatan terhadap cendawan Curvulariasp. dengan kisaran 4,4%-86,6%. Penghambatan terbesar yakni isolat EAKSS 502, EAKSS 520 dan isolat EAKSS 507. Pengujian produksi senyawa organik volatil menunjukkan EAPJN 216, EAKSS 532, EAAPN 225, EAAPN 506, EAAPN 507 dan EAAPN 557 menghasilkan komponen volatil organik yang menekan pertumbuhan koloni cendawan Curvulariasp. pada kisaran 92,27%- 97,21%. Berdasarkan kombinasi data pengujian antibioisis dan produksi senyawa organik volatilterdapat 4 isolat bakteri endofit yang berpotensi menghambat perkembangan Curvulariasp. yaitu  isolat EAKSS 502, EAKSS 507, EAKPN 201 dan EAPJN 216.Hasil identifikasi secara molekuler ke empat isolat tersebut berturut-turut adalah Serratia marcescens strain PIGB81,Burkholderia sp.  DOP Ma316,S. marcescens strain RY21danS. marcescens strain LB21. Keempat isolat tersebut diisolasi daritanaman yang berbeda yakni kelapa sawit, kelapa kopyor dan pejibaye.[Kata kunci: antibiotik, Burkholderia,malformasi, penghambatan, Serratia,komponen volatil].
Front matter 2018 no 2 Masna Maya Sinta
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.319

Abstract

Back matter 2018 no 2 Masna Maya Sinta
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.320

Abstract

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