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Teknologi Indonesia

JTI
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 01261533 EISSN : 23031913 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Computer Science & IT

JTI is a journal in the Departement of Engineering Sciences - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). JTI has policy to publish a new and original research paper or a review paper in The scope of Technology. JTI publishes two issues per year. The journal has been registered with printed-ISSN number as 0126-1533 and electronic ISSN number as 2303-1913.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 163 Documents

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CHARACTERIZATION AND MICROWAVE-ASSISTED HYDROLYSIS OF SAGO STARCH TO PRODUCE MALTODEXTRIN Fajriutami, Triyani; Laksana, Raden Permana Budi; Hermiati, Euis
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 37, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) starch is one of potential sources of starch in Indonesia; however, it has not been widely used as industrial raw material for modified starch, such as maltodextrin, which has higher addedvalue than the native sago starch. The aim of this study was to develop the processing technology of maltodextrin production from sago starch using microwave irradiation. The addition of activated carbon had a significant effect on the sugar produced in the microwave-assisted hydrolysis. The longer the duration of microwave irradiation the higher the total dissolved solids in the filtrate, and the lower the pH values. The increase of the microwave power level from 550 to 770 W significantly affected sugar content of the hydrolysates. Suitable Dextrose Equivalent (DE) value of maltodextrin (?20) can be obtained after hydrolysis for 10 to 12 minutes at the power level of 550 W or 6 to 8 minutes at the power level of 770 W.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM LEAVES AND SEEDS AND ARYLS OF KALAK PACUNG(Horsfieldia subglobosa) (Myristicaceae) Praptiwi, - -
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 38, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jti.v38i3.236

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of kalak pacung (Horsfieldia subglobosa) from different part of the plant (leaves and seeds and aryl). The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation, while its chemical compounds were separated and identified by gas chromarography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS). GC-MS analysis of the seed and aryl oil showed that it consisted of 58 compounds, 50 compounds of which were identified, representing 86,56% of the whole. Meanwhile, the leaf essential oil consisted of 75 compounds, with 61 compounds identified represented 98,35%. The main compounds of seed and aryl essential oil were (-) spathulenol type 2 (9.45%), naphtalene type 1 (7.40%) and type 2 (7.40%). The compounds of leaf oil with concentration more than 5% were isocaryophyllene (13.29%), a-Copaene (6.62%), and naphthalene (6.88%).

PRETREATMENT TRAMETES VERSICOLOR DAN PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS PADA BAGAS UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL Anita, Sita Heris; Fajriutami, Triyani; Fitria, -; Ermawar, Riksfardini Annisa; Yuli Yanto, Dede Heri; Hermiati, Euis
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 34 (2011)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Single and mix cultures of white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus has been applied onto sugarcane bagasse as a pretreatment process. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of single and mix cultures of white-rot fungi in lignin degradation while maintaining minimum loss of ?-cellulose of sugarcane bagasse. Single and mix cultures of white-rot fungi T. versicolor and P. ostreatus have been inoculated onto sugarcane bagasse which varied in 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/v) with inoculum comparison 1:1. After 4-week incubation, analysis was carried out on the content of extractives, lignin, ?-cellulose and hemicellulose. The result showed that 4-week incubation of single culture of P. ostreatus was more advantageous as a pretreatment method for sugarcane bagasse, with considerable number of lignin degradation (17,95%) and minimum loss of cellulose (11,00%) and hemicelluloses (5,75%). As with mix cultures, incubation period should have been reduced to prevent significant loss of cellulose and hemicellulose. Furthermore, with shorter incubation period, this biological pretreatment process will be more interesting and feasible for the industry.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-FIBER TRANSMISSION OVER WDM-PON SYSTEMS Simatupang, Joni Welman; Pukhrambam, Puspa Devi
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 40, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jti.v40i2.420

In this paper, a rigorous theoretical analysis on optical beat interferometric (OBI) noises caused by the Rayleigh backscattering (RB) and Fresnel reflection (FR) effects on the performance of a single-fiber single-wavelength WDM-PON (wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network) transmission system has been presented. Two categories of PON are evaluated: a conventional and a long-reach WDM-PON system. The conventional WDM-PON took place in an access network for a typical transmission distance of 20 km without any optical amplification at the remote node (RN). In this case, the gain of the optimal reflective optical network unit (ONU) will depend on the relative RB power and also the FRs magnitudes and locations along the optical fiber channel/transmission link. However, in the cases of the long-reach WDM-PON deployed at a transmission distance of 100 km or further, the optical amplifiers are indispensable to enhance the optical power budget and to prevent the effect of fiber nonlinearities that may occur at high power injection levels. Although the presence of an optical amplifier (OA) in a long-reach WDM-PON will actually give some additional gain to the whole system, as a result it also produces the worse RB and FR effects to the system itself. A crosstalk to signal (C/S) ratio is used as a key performance indicator of whether the transmission system is in good working order or not. Therefore, this study may provide insight and relevant information in terms of transmission optimization for WDM-PON systems and developments in the future. To educate on the current technologies and developments surrounding conventional and long-reach WDM-PON, a brief overview is provided in the background part of the introduction.

Propionic Acid Metabolism During Anaerobic Biowaste Slurry Digestion Sembiring, Tarzan; Ekoputranto, Agung; Sriwuryandary, Lies; Nilawati, Dewi; Gallert, C; Winter, J
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 35, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Solid waste was found to be a problem in the city sanitary and river management in Indonesia. Bio-waste from traditional market, which is as the major part of the solid waste of the city, is one of the big problem in the sanitary management. To over come of the problem of the bio-waste, the experiment on the anaerobic biodegradation of organic waste slurry in stirred tank bioreactor was executed. The substrate was feeding into reactor and inoculated with an anaerobic enriched mixed culture originally from cow intestinal micro flora. The total solid of substrate was around 10 percent. During the batch experiment showed that the pH value relatively stable around pH 7 but the pH is decreased in the end of the experiment. The degradation of organic slurry is shown by the decreasing of COD content from around 90 g/l to 20 g/l and the formation of volatile fatty acids. Methane content of the biogas produce is more than 60 %. The volatile fatty acids detected are acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid. The fluctuation of volatile fatty acids formation and its depletions were relatively good as well as the depletion of Chemical Oxygen Demands, in which the pH value is around 7.5 Propionic acid and butyric acid degrading bacteria were also found in the consortium of mixed culture as indicated by the elimination of those volatile fatty acids during the experiment and in the enrichment cultures. Observation of the cultures of propionic acid degrading enrichment under the microscope shown that the morphology of the bacteria were rod with dimension of 0.81 ?m x 2-3 ?m ( d x l ) and the better gown in pH 6.57.

SYNTHESES AND CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY OF ANALOGUES OF UK-3A, A NOVEL FROM Streptomyces sp. 517-02 Anita, Yulia; Hanafi, M.; Arifin, S.
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 36, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jti.v36i3.211

UK-3A is a minor compound from the mycelium of Streptomyces sp.517-02 and had been isolated. It has IC50 38 ?g/mL against P388 Murine Leukemia cells. Products of UK-3A analogues were assigned the name A and B compounds. These compounds were prepared from L-serine methyl ester-HCl as starting material and synthesized by amidation and esterifi cation. The products were determined by TLC, FT-IR, MS and NMR instruments. Theoverall yield was compounds A 95.63% and B 87.10%. The in vitro anticancer activities of compounds A and B against the same Leukemia cells and found to have IC50 46.5?g/mL and 15.4?g/mL, respectively. The compound B exhibited higher inhibitory activity than UK-3A.

CLASIFICATION OF PEAT WATER QUALITY IN GIAM SIAK KECIL BUKIT BATU BIOSPHERE RESERVE, PROVINCE OF RIAU Sutapa, Ignasius Dwi Atmana
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : LIPI Press

The unsolved problem in Riau Province was the availability of clean water, since the province is dominated with peat land. Around Giam Siak Kecil Bukit biosphere reserve area are several potential sources of surface water that can be used as source of raw water. The aim of this study was to assess the peat water quality out of selected sites within Tanjung Leban area using STORET method in order to find out its quality classification and to try to improve its quality using a jar test lab scale. Based on the preassessment over four locations, Air Raja River was selected for it had several characteristics such as the water color was reddish and homogenous, had no sediment, had relatively constant water flow throughout the year, and was located on the edge of the road. Yet there were people's daily activities at the body of the river i.e. bathing, washing, and toileting. Based on its physical quality, the peat water had color levels ranging from 462 to 503 TCU, stench, and sour taste. The non-metallic chemical test of the peat water resulted in showing that it had pH 3.52. The peat water also contained Coliform bacteria and E. coli as many as 70 and 630 col/100ml, respectively. After going through STORET method analysis, the total score was -26, which means it had C status the quality of pollutans of which was light. After several physical and chemical quality improvement efforts using jar test, water quality could be improved up to A class (zero score).

APLIKASI TEKNIK ENKAPSULASI PADA BENIH SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) Priadi, Dody
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 33, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jti.v33i2.23

Seeds were encapsulated using materials containing nutrients in order to survive on a deforested land after spreading by aeroseeding technique. Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) seeds from Bogor, Tasikmalaya and Garut were encapsulated using mixture of soil, rice bran, tapioca fl our with compost made from leaf waste and manure (3:1) as a nutrients source. Seeds with a good appearance were tested for the moisture content and stratifi ed prior to germination test on tissue paper and grassy and sandy soil to determine the initial germination. Results of initial seeds germination showed that the highest germination (61.7%) on grassy soil obtained by the seeds from Cianjur, while the lowest (39.0%) obtained by seeds germinated on sandy soil. Seed stratifi cation prior to germination causes the capsule damage and early germination. Encapsulated seeds failed to germinate in germination chamber although the capsules already broken. The highest germination percentage (24.7%) and plant height (3.9 cm) obtained from the encapsulated seeds containing media G (100 g soil + 100 g compost + 100 g tapioca fl our) with the exception for total compound leaves and roots. Seeds encapsulated using rice bran causes microbial contamination of seed capsules so that failed to germinate. This study showed that the tapioca fl our was absolutely necessary as an adhesive agent within encapsulate components with seeds, while the compost can enhance plant growth. Contrary the rice bran causes microbial contamination on seed capsules.

EFFECT OF SINTERING TEMPERATURE ON THE ROLLED COPPER-SHEATHED MONOFILAMENT MgB2 SUPERCONDUCTING WIRE Herbirowo, Satrio; Imaduddin, Agung; Sofyan, Nofrijon; Yuwono, A.H
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The manufacture of low temperature superconductor (LTS) MgB2 with relatively high critical temperature (Tc = 39K) wire fabricated by powder-in-tube (PIT) is a multi-step process. The main difficulty is that the value of Tc superconductor wire is determined by various factors. MgB2 superconductor has been developed for possible utilization in various practical applications, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The fabrication process of 2 mm rolled-copper sheath monofilament superconductor MgB2 wire using mechanical deformation process, including rolling and drawing, has been carried out. Starting by inserting powders, containing nominal composition of MgB2 into Cu tube with inner ø of 4 mm and outer ø of 6 mm, then they were rolled and drawn into wires (ø 2 mm), subsequently. The process of copper tube rolling was subsequently repeated in order to obtain three samples using added 5% CNT and 10% CNT to the pure MgB2, then were heat-treated at 800°C for 2 hours respectively. The writers evaluated the doping effect of two types multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with different aspect ratios on MgB2/Cu monofilament wires. Surface morphology was analyzed with SEM, crystal structure of MgB2 with XRD, whereas temperature dependence resistivity with four-point probe Cryogenic Magnet. SEM-EDS images showed that without addition of CNT, the crystal of MgB2 form dispersed uniformly in wire, but when added with 5% and 10% of CNT, the particle dispersed morphology was observed due to substitution of atom C into atom B. In contrast with pure MgB2, however, the pores increased as the CNTs doped increased of up to 5 wt%, makes it hard to identify the critical temperature. The temperature dependence of resistivity results showed that the critical temperatures were detected and kept shifting toward high 40 K with the addition of 10 wt% CNT. XRD analysis showed that some Mg may react with CNT to form MgB4 and graphite. Mg may react with oxygen to form MgO because the Cu sheath is not fully sealed and vacumed.

TEXTILE INDUSTRY AWARENESS CONCERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF THREE TEXTILE PLANTS IN BANDUNG AREA Sukapto, Paulus; Djojosubroto, Harjoto
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 36, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jti.v36i2.202

The present study explores awareness concerning the implementations of occupational safety of three textile plants in Bandung area. The study was supported by data from our visit to those respective textile plants, i.e. from discussions with the managers and employees, the observations towards the working conditions and the activities of the employees, and the response of questionnaires asked to the operators. It was found that the occupational safety procedures have to be improved. The lighting levels in most departments of these plants shall be higher than the present lighting level. The noise levels in two of the three plants have to be lowered. Out of the questionnaire it was learned that the adverse effects of the poor workplace conditions were experienced by the employees. The safety organization of these plants was not integrated to the organizational structure of the respective company. Among those three textile plants, only one plant provided data on accidents in 2011 and 2012. It seems that the number and the severity of the accidents were not signifi cantly different. In 2012 there was an accident that led to permanent disability. The awareness and the concern of the managers to the occupational safety were poor. That is why it is proposed that the occupational safety solutions of these plants have to be performed by safety management approach based on macro-ergonomics principles.

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