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International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
ISSN : 20888708     EISSN : 27222578     DOI : -
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE, ISSN: 2088-8708, a SCOPUS indexed Journal, SNIP: 1.001; SJR: 0.296; CiteScore: 0.99; SJR & CiteScore Q2 on both of the Electrical & Electronics Engineering, and Computer Science) is the official publication of the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES). The journal is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world.
Articles 6,393 Documents
Wind speed prediction and energy estimation using the SARIMA method in Banyumas Regency Yuniarto, Abdul Hakim Prima; Nawangnugraeni, Devi Astri; Admaja, Rafif Aldo; Arsyad, Hardeka Muhammad
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1425-1433

Abstract

Electricity consumption in Banyumas Regency shows a significant upward trend, indicating growing energy needs across various sectors. Dependence on fossil fuels poses challenges, including environmental pollution, limited resources, and price fluctuations. As a strategic solution, developing new and renewable energy, especially wind energy, is crucial to achieving energy independence and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze and predict wind speed in Banyumas Regency and calculate the potential electricity production that residential-scale wind turbines can generate. The method used is the seasonal auto regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA). This study applies it within a machine learning framework, using a grid search for hyperparameter tuning, to accurately predict wind speed from historical NASA POWER data. The results show that the SARIMA (1, 0, 0)×(0, 1, 1, 52) model is the optimal model with the best prediction accuracy, as evidenced by the root mean squared error (RMSE) value of 0.516 m/s and the mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.441 m/s. Based on the model, the predicted average wind speed for the next three months is 3.41 m/s, potentially generating an average daily electricity output of 1.44 kWh. These results indicate that Banyumas Regency has promising potential for the development of small-scale wind power plants to support household energy needs or public street lighting.
Energy-aware inertial measurement units scheduling for wearable LoRa systems using quaternion features Adhitya, Yudhi; Septiani, Indri
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1449-1465

Abstract

Wearable Internet of Things systems increasingly depend on inertial measurement units (IMUs) to capture human motion, yet continuous high-frequency sensing, on-device processing, and long-range (LoRa) communication impose significant energy and latency challenges for battery-powered devices. This study formulates a practical scheduling framework that optimizes IMU sampling, quaternion-based feature extraction, and transmission decisions within the wearable/LoRa architecture. The framework operates in discrete time windows of W=0.5−1 s, within which sensing, processing, and communication decisions are updated at the window level to balance energy consumption and responsiveness. The method models energy consumption, accuracy degradation at lower sampling rates, and communication constraints to define feasible operating modes and determine optimal configurations under varying activity levels. An empirical accuracy–frequency mapping and component-wise energy model support both offline optimization and lightweight online scheduling. The results show that the proposed framework can balance accuracy, responsiveness, and battery life by dynamically shifting between high-performance, balanced, and low-power surveillance states. This scheduling strategy extends operational lifetime while preserving motion-detection reliability and ensuring timely event transmission. The findings demonstrate the importance of energy-aware IMU management in long-range wearable systems and provide a foundation for adaptive sensing strategies in real-world deployments.
Artificial intelligence-based battery management systems in electric vehicles: models, optimization, and future directions Kassem, Hassan; Bishtawi, Tariq
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1645-1654

Abstract

The electric vehicle (EV) depends on the capabilities and durability of the main element of the car — the battery. Conventional battery management systems (BMS) can generally be challenged with regards to state estimation and lifespan forecasting in the face of complicated real-world scenarios. To address these limitations, this study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform BMS operations. We introduce an in-depth discussion of AI-controlled BMS by examining the state-of-the-art models of precise state-of-charge and state-of-health estimation. The paper also goes into details of how machine learning and deep learning methods can optimize charging strategy, improve thermal management, and predictive diagnostics. The comparison between the data-driven solutions and the traditional methods is going to reveal that there is a high safety, efficiency, and battery life improvement. Lastly, we map the way ahead, taking into consideration issues such as edge computing, explainable AI, and the way of making the BMS a truly self-optimizing system, essential to the next generation of electric cars.
Enhancing sEMG finger gesture recognition using optimized 1D-convolutional neural network Pamungkas, Daniel Sutopo; Risandriya, Sumantri K.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1576-1587

Abstract

Robust and precise finger gesture recognition using surface electromyography (sEMG) is essential for developing intuitive prosthetic control systems. However, sEMG signals are inherently stochastic and non-stationary, posing significant challenges for high-accuracy classification in fine-grained movements. This study proposes an optimized 1D convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) framework for classifying 20 distinct fine-grained finger gestures using raw sEMG data from an 8-channel wearable Myo Armband sensor. Unlike traditional methods that rely on manual feature engineering, the proposed 1D-CNN performs end-to-end learning to automatically extract temporal features. The research specifically investigates the impact of temporal windowing strategies, ranging from 400 to 750 ms, on model performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized 1D-CNN achieves a peak test accuracy of 94.4% with a 550 ms window size, demonstrating the model’s robustness across complex gesture classes and significantly outperforming the baseline principal component analysis- support vector machine (PCA-SVM) method which only attained 73.0% accuracy. While the model achieved perfect classification (100%) for index, middle, and little finger movements, a performance drop was observed in thumb recognition (50%) due to muscular crosstalk from deeper anatomical layers. These findings indicate that the integration of optimized windowing and 1D-CNN architectures provides a highly reliable solution for complex large-scale gesture recognition, offering a robust foundation for the next generation of multi-functional prosthetic hands.
Optimized ResNet-50 framework for mammogram-based breast cancer classification: a comparative evaluation with EfficientNet-B0 Subali, Muhammad; Wisudawati, Lulu Mawaddah; Teresa, Teresa
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1199-1212

Abstract

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, underscoring the need for accurate and reliable mammographic interpretation. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) based on deep learning has emerged as a promising approach to improve both screening performance and diagnostic consistency, yet fairness-driven comparisons between popular convolutional backbones on public mammogram benchmarks remain limited. This study provides a statistically validated, fairness-driven comparison of two widely used convolutional neural network architectures, ResNet-50 and EfficientNet-B0, for mammogram-based breast cancer classification under a rigorously controlled, clinically motivated protocol. The proposed “optimized ResNet-50” framework is defined by patient-level stratified undersampling, paired 5-fold cross-validation with identical partitions, harmonized augmentation and training configurations, and dual statistical testing (paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests), emphasizing methodological rigor rather than architectural novelty. Across MIAS and CBIS-DDSM benchmarks, the models demonstrated complementary strengths, with EfficientNet-B0 excelling in screening-oriented tasks (normal vs. abnormal) and ResNet-50 offering more robust performance for diagnostic-oriented tasks (benign vs. malignant). These findings highlight the value of fairness-driven evaluation protocols in CAD research and support the feasibility of integrating lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) into tiered clinical workflows, where different backbones are strategically deployed for initial screening and confirmatory assessment.
Hardware-aware comparative study of lightweight convolutional neural networks for Raspberry Pi-based autonomous driving Kim, Hyung In; Park, Youngmin
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1493-1507

Abstract

Deploying deep learning models for autonomous driving on resource-constrained edge devices, such as the Raspberry Pi, presents significant challenges due to strict limitations on inference latency and memory capacity. To address these constraints, this study conducts a comprehensive comparative evaluation of lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) optimized for dual-output regression of steering angle and driving speed. We benchmark a task-specific end-to-end baseline (NVIDIA CNN) against representative classification-oriented architectures—including MobileNet, ShuffleNet, EfficientNet, GhostNet, and SqueezeNet—all reformulated for this regression task. Experiments were conducted on a physical Raspberry Pi-based autonomous RC car platform to assess prediction accuracy, inference speed, and real-world closed-loop driving stability using quantitative metrics such as the normalized jerk ratio. Experimental results demonstrate a clear trade-off: while GhostNetV1 0.5x achieved the highest regression accuracy with a Total R2 score of 95.8% and MobileNetV1 recorded a competitive MAE of 1.95, they failed to provide stable control due to severe high-frequency steering jitter. Conversely, the NVIDIA CNN proved to be the most practical solution for general edge deployment, achieving the lowest inference latency of 61.1 ms (16.4 FPS) and a minimal memory footprint of 2.78 MB, ensuring stable autonomous navigation (1.50xjerk ratio). Furthermore, ShuffleNetV2 0.5x emerged as the superior architecture for trajectory precision, recording the lowest weighted MAE of 1.60. These findings underscore that theoretical accuracy does not guarantee real-world drivability on embedded systems, providing practical guidelines for hardware-aware model selection in edge-based autonomous driving.
Transforming electric vehicle charging through solar integration and high-frequency magnetic induction for seamless wireless power transfer Chinnaiyan, Selvan; Manickam, Prabhakar; Chandra G., Madhu; V., Aarthi; Babu C. R., Narendra
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1118-1131

Abstract

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is constrained by limited charging infrastructure, prolonged charging duration, grid dependency, and inefficiencies in conventional wireless charging systems. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a solar-integrated high-frequency inductive wireless charging framework that enables efficient, contactless, and partially dynamic EV charging. The proposed system combines a photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting subsystem with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), a high-frequency resonant inductive coupling mechanism using a series–series (SS) topology, and an intelligent solar inductive synergy optimization algorithm (SISOA) for adaptive power and energy storage management. The theoretical foundation of the system is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and resonant magnetic coupling to enhance mutual inductance and power transfer efficiency. Simulation studies conducted in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a mutual inductance of 82.5, an output voltage of 500 V, and an output power of 4,800 W, while reducing overall power losses to 21.18% and improving system efficiency to 94.5%. The results further reveal that vehicle speed and the number of receiver coils significantly influence charging effectiveness and state-of-charge performance.
Bearing fault classification using decision trees and neural networks Sellaoui, Raid Houssem Eddine; Boulebtateche, Brahim; Bensaoula, Salah
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1466-1473

Abstract

In this study, we test three machine learning methodologies − binary tree, k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and neural networks (NN) − using a range of hyperparameters. These methods are applied to a dataset consisting of extracted time series characteristics (root mean square (RMS), skewness, and kurtosis from vibration signals of various bearings subjected to different fault conditions from the intelligent maintenance systems (IMS) dataset. We evaluate how effectively these methods classify the condition of the bearings using the provided dataset. We observe the top two methods, artificial neural network (ANN) 99.29% and binary tree 98.84%. With a difference of 0.45%, the binary tree is preferred over the complex ANN due to its ease of interpretation, transparency, and minimal computation requirements. Its integration as code in embedded controllers or electronic control units (ECUs) is more efficient, which makes them faster for real-time processing and safety-critical electric vehicle (EV) systems.
Transformer-based hybrid classification for plant leaf disease detection using vision transformer, principal component analysis, and support vector machine Abbigeri, Vijayalakshmi S.; Devanagavi, Geetha D.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1399-1406

Abstract

Plant diseases remain a critical challenge in agriculture, causing substantial yield losses and threatening food security. In this work, we propose a hybrid deep feature engineering framework that integrates deep learning-based feature extraction with classical machine learning for accurate plant disease detection. A pretrained vision transformer (ViT) model is employed to extract discriminative features from leaf images, effectively capturing complex spatial relationships. To address the curse of dimensionality, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied, retaining 98% of the variance while reducing feature space complexity. The refined features are then classified using a support vector machine (SVM) optimized through hyperparameter tuning. Experimental results on the bean leaf lesions dataset demonstrate strong performance, achieving 92% accuracy and a weighted F1-score of 0.92. The proposed ViT–PCA–SVM pipeline effectively balances accuracy, computational efficiency, and generalization, making it a promising solution for real-time smart farming applications.
A multi-modal framework for improving the accuracy of phishing email detection Faraj, Lamees Mohamed; Abdel-Gaber, Sayed; Fahmy, Hanan
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 3: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1608-1625

Abstract

Phishing emails continue to pose a significant cybersecurity threat, particularly through the increasing use of malicious attachments to evade traditional text-based detection systems. Most existing approaches focus primarily on email content, creating a blind spot in attachment-aware phishing detection. This paper proposes a multi-modal phishing email classification model that integrates email header features, body text analysis, and attachment inspection within an ensemble learning framework. Independent machine learning classifiers are employed for each email component, and a majority voting mechanism is used to determine the final classification decision. The proposed model is evaluated using publicly available email and attachment datasets that are combined to simulate attachment-bearing phishing emails. Experimental results demonstrate strong detection performance across multiple evaluation metrics. Nevertheless, the study acknowledges the limitation of using synthetically paired email bodies and attachments, which may not fully capture real-world semantic relationships. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating attachment-aware analysis into phishing detection systems and provide a foundation for future research on semantic consistency modeling and transformer-based architectures.

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