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Majalah Kedokteran Andalas

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Published by Universitas Andalas

ISSN : 01262092 EISSN : 24425230 DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Majalah Kedokteran Andalas (MKA) (p-ISSN: 0126-2092, e-ISSN: 2442-5230) is a peer-reviewed, open-access national journal published by Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas and is dedicated to publish and disseminate research articles, literature reviews, and case reports, in the field of medicine and health, and other related disciplines

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)

Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011" : 9 Documents clear

KONSUMSI MIKRONUTRIEN DAN EKSPRESI GEN eNOS3 ALEL INTRO 4a4b PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI ETNIK MINANGKABAU Delmi Sulastri
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

AbstrakGen eNOS3 varian intron 4a4b merupakan salah satu gen yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi esensial. Kemampuan Gen eNOS3 varian ini untuk mensintesis enzim nitric oxide synthase (NOS) berkurang sehingga sintesis Nitric oxide (NO) menurun. Senyawa NO adalah suatu senyawa vasoaktif yang menyebabkan vasodilatasi pembuluh darah.Penelitian pada subjek hipertensi dan normotensi berusia 30-65 tahun bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh mikronutrien terhadap ekspresi gen eNOS3 alel intron 4a4b. 130 subjek, diwawancara pola makannya lalu dilakukan analisis asupan mikronutrien, gen eNOS3, serta kadar NO plasma. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji T dan chi-square.Kadar NO plasma penderita hipertensi adalah 26.91 + 15.40 μM/L dan normotensi 25.79 + 15.04 μM/L. 55.5% subjek hipertensi memiliki gen eNOS3 varian intron 4b dan 69% subjek normotensi mempunyai varian intron 4a4b. Kadar NO plasma rendah, (66.7%) ditemukan pada subjek hipertensi dengan varian intron 4b. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna asupan mikronutrien dengan kadar NO plasma pada subjek hipertensi.Hasil ini tidak mendukung pengaruh konsumsi mikronutrien terhadap kadar NO plasma pada penderita hipertensi dengan gen eNOS3 varian intron 4a4b.Kata Kunci : hipertensi esensial, gen eNOS3, kadar NO plasmaAbstracteNOS 3 gene intron 4a4b allel is one of the important genes which is related to hypertesion essensial. This gene expresses the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme which regulates the synthesis of Nitric oxide (NO) in human body. NO causes vasodilatation, which decreases peripheral resistant and blood pressure.A research has been done based on cross sectional study on hypertension patients and those with normal blood pressure in the range of 30-65 years old. The main of this research is to evaluate the influence of micronutrient consumption on eNOS3 gene intron 4a4b allel expression in hypertension subjects in Minangkabau ethnicity. 130 subjects interviewed about micronutrient consumption and theARTIKEL PENELITIAN14assessment of eNOS3 gene and NO plasma level were done. The Data was analysed with t-test and chi-square. The results of this study showed that the hypertensive’s plasma NO concentration was 26.91 ± 15.40 μM/L and normotensive’s was 25.79 ± 15.04 μM/L. 55.5% of the hypertensive group has eNOS3 gene intron 4b alleles and 69% of the normotensive group has eNOS3 gene intron 4a4b alleles . Low NO plasma level can be found at 66.7% subject hypertension with eNOS3 gene allel intron 4b. There was no significant relationship between consumption of micronutrient with NO plasma level in hypertension patients.This result did not support that consumption micronutrient can influenced NO plasma level in hypertension subject with eNOS3 gene allel 4a4b.Key word : essensial hypertension, eNOS3 gene, NO plasma level.

PSEUDOKISTA PANKREAS Asril Zahari; Fahmi Fahmi
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

AbstrakPseudokista Pankreas merupakan penumpukan cairan yang terlokalisir yang kaya amilase dan enzim pankreas lainnya, yang memiliki dinding yang tidak berepitel. Ukuran bervariasi 2-30 cm. Sekitar sepertiga dari pseudokista terjadi pada caput pankreas, dan dua pertiga muncul di bagian ekor. Patogenesis pseudokista pankreas berasal dari gangguan saluran pankreas akibat pankreatitis dan ekstravasasi bahan enzimatik. Pada anak-anak, pseudokista pankreas sering berhubungan dengan trauma.Dilaporkan seorang pasien laki- laki umur 21 tahun dengan benjolan di perut. Pasien dengan riwayat trauma diperut 2 bulan sebelum masuk rumah sakit, kemudian muncul benjolan diperut yang makin lama-makin membesar. Pasien juga mengeluh sering mual dan penurunan nafsu makan. Pada perabaan dijumpai benjolan kistik fluktuatif dan terfikisir dengan ukuran ±30x20 cm, dan nyeri. Pada pemeriksaan scaning dijumpai gambaran rongga kista disekitar pankreas. Pasien didiagnosa dengan pseudokista pankreas. Pada pasien dilakukan drainase interna kista-yeyunostomi, yeyuno-yeyunostomi side to side dan brown anastomose. Dari pemeriksaan patologi anatomi didapatkan kesan suatu pseudokista pankreas.Follow up sampai 2 bulan post operasi tidak dijumpai komplikasi.Drainase interna kista-yeyunostomi, yeyuno-yeyunostomi side to side dan brown anastomose pada pseudokista pancreas memberikan hasil yang baik.Kata kunci : Pseudokista, Trauma, pankreatitisAbstractPancreatic Pseudocysts well defined as a local accumulation of fluid that rich in amylase and other pancreatic enzymes, that has nonepithelialized wall. Size varies from 2-30 cm. About one third of pseudocysts manifest in the head of the gland, and two thirds appear in the tail. Pathogenesis of pancreatic pseudocysts seems to stem from disruption of the pancreatic duct due to pancreatitis and extravasation of enzymatic material. In children, pancreatic pseudocysts are often associated with trauma.A male patient, 21 year old with a lump in the abdomen. Patient with a history of abdominal trauma 2 months before entering the hospital, then a lump appeared at the abdomen and continues to expand. Patient also complain of frequent nausea and decreased appetite. A pain cystic fluctuative and immobile lump that ± 30x20 cm in size was found in palpability. From abdominal scaning images, a cyst cavity around the pancreatic was found. Patient was diagnosed with pancreaticLAPORAN KASUS62pseudocyst. Patient underwent internal drainage of the cyst-yeyunostomi, yeyuno-yeyunostomi side to side and brown anastomose. From pathology anatomy the conclusion is a pancreatic pseudocyst.Follow-up to 2 months postoperative, no complications was found.The internal drainage of the cyst-yeyunostomi, yeyuno-yeyunostomi side to side and brown anastomose on pancreatic pseudocyst give a good results.Key word : Pseudocyst, Trauma, Pancreatitis

EFEK PEMBERIAN JUST TOMAT (LYCOPERSICUM PYRIPORME) TERHADAP SPERMATOGENESIS PADA TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVERGICUS) JANTAN DEWASA HYPERKHOLESTROLEMIA Eliza Anas; Asterina Asterina
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

AbstrakHiperkolesterolemia merupakan faktor resiko penyebab kematian di usia muda. Salah satu terapi yang sekarang dikembangkan adalah dengan banyak mengkonsurnsi sayur dan buah-buahan. Tomat mengandung zat-zat gizi antara lain likopen. Likopen memegang peranan penting didalam pengaturan kolesterol, yaitu dengan menghambat kerja enzim HMG-CoA reduktase, yang berperan dalam proses sintesis kolesterol sehingga berefek hipokolesterolemia. Sedangkan hormone testoteron dibentuk dari kolesterol. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin melihat efek pemberian jus tomat (Lycopersicum pyriporme) kukus terhadap spermatogenesis tikus (Rattus norvegikus) putih jantan hiperkolesterolemia.Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest and postest randomized control design, Sampel berjurnlah 24 ekor tikus hiperkolesterol, dilakukan pada 4 kelompok dimana 3 kelompok perlakuan diberikan jus tomat kukus selama lebih kurang 14 hari, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan just tomat kukus, hanya diberikan aquades.Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pada pemberian dosis 2ml/200gr BB dan 2,5ml/200gr BB tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap jumlah spermatogonium bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol sedangkan pada dosis 3ml/200gr BB ada perbedaan yang bemakna (P<0,05) terhadap jumlah spermatogonium dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada jumlah spermatosit pakiten, spermatid dan spermatozoa pada ke tiga dosis memperlihatkan perbedaan yang sangat bermakna (P.<0,01) bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol.Dari hasil yang didapatkan dapat disimpulkan, dengan pemberian jus tomat kukus dapat memperbaiki spermatogenesis tikus yang hiperkolesterolemia.Kata Kunci : Hiperkolesterolemia, Lycopersicum pyriporme, spermatogenesisAbstractHypercholestrolemia are the cause risk factor of the death in young ages. One of therapy current develop are many consuming vegetables and fruits. Tomatoes contain nutrient including lycopene. Lycopenes have important roleARTIKEL PENELITIAN28in regulation of cholesterol, which is inhibit enzyme activity, HMG-CoA reductase, which serve in process of synthesis so that have effect hypocholesterolemia, whereas testosterone is processed from cholesterol. The aim to this study is to show effect of giving the steam of tomato juices (Lyeopersieum pyripome) to spermatogenesis in adult male white mice (Rattus novergicus) with hypercholesterolemia.The design of study is experimental with pretest design and posted randomized contro design. 24 mice with cholesterolemia is performed to 4 groups, where three treatment groups are given the steam of tomato juices for abot 14 days, whereas the control is not given , but given aquadest only.Of the result is found that in giving both doses 2 ml/200 g b.w. and 2,5 ml/200 g b.w. is not significant difference to number of spermatogoium rather than control, whereas at dosage 3 ml/g b.w. there are significant difference to number of spermatogonium (13 <0,05), rather than control. In number of spermatocyte pachyten, spermatid and spermatozoa in all three doses show significant difference (P<0,01) rather than control. From the result we can be concluded that giving the steam of tomato juices can improve spermatogenesis in mice with hypercholesterolemia.Key word : Hypercholesterolemia, Lycopersicum pyriporme, spermatogenesis

EKTRAKSI BENDA ASING (KACANG TANAH) DI BRONKUS DENGAN BRONKOSKOP KAKU Fachzi Fitri; M. Rusli Pulungan
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

AbstrakAspirasi benda asing merupakan keadaan emergensi yang memerlukan penanganan segera untuk mencegah komplikasi yang serius. Lebih dari 50% kasus aspirasi benda asing terjadi pada anak usia kurang dari 3 tahun. Aspirasi benda asing paling sering adalah kacang tanah. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, Pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan radiologi dan bronkoskopi. Bronkoskop kaku merupakan pilihan untuk pengangkatan benda asing pada anak.Dilaporkan satu kasus benda asing tiga kacang tanah di bronkus utama kanan pada seorang anak perempuan umur 2 tahun yang berhasil diangkat dengan tindakan bronkoskopi menggunakan bronkoskop kaku.Kata kunci : Aspirasi benda asing, bronskopi, bronkoskop kaku.AbstractForeign body aspiration is an emergency condition that needs early treatment to prevent serious complication. More than 50% foreign body aspiration cases occur among children younger than 3 years. The most common aspirated item was a peanut. Diagnosis is based on anamnesis, physical examination, radiology finding and bronchoscopy. Rigid bronchoscopee is a procedure of choice for removing foreign body in children.A case foreign body (three peanuts) in the right main bronchus 2 years old girl which was successfully removed using rigid bronchoscopee was reported.Key word : Foreign body aspiration, bronchoscopy, rigid bronchoscope

PEMERIKSAAN DAYA HAMBAT EKTRAK METANOL DAUN TRISTANIA SUBAURICULATA KING TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KUMAN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA DAN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Yustini Alioes; Benni Raymond
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

AbstrakTristania subauriculata King dikenal oleh penduduk sekitar Kelok Sembilan, Payakumbuh sebagai obat untuk mengobati penyakit kulit. Diduga Tristania subauriculata King mengandung suatu senyawa bioaktif yang bersifat sebagai anti bakteri.Untuk melihat efektifitas ekstrak metanol daun Tristania subauriculata King dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kuman Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus, telah dilakukan penelitian secara invitro dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar, pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengukur diameter daerah hambat yang terbentuk pada agar.Dari penelitian didapatkan adanya daya hambat ekstrak metanol daun Tristania subauriculata King 15% b/v dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kuman Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus. Daya hambat ini meningkat pada konsentrasi 30% b/v, 45% b/v, dan daya hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi 60% b/v yang terlihat dengan semakin besarnya diameter daerah bebas kuman yang dihasilkan.Kata kunci : Ekstrak Metanol daun Tristania subauriculata King, Diameterhambat, Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureusAbstractTristania subauriculata King has been known by the people of Kelok Sembilan, Payakumbuh as the medicine to cure dermatopathy. It is thought that Tristania subauriculata King contains a bioactive constituent which acts as anti bacteria.To figure the effects of methanol extract of Tristania subauriculata King in holding the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus,an invitro observation has been done using difusion agar method. The observation was done by measuring the diameter of inhibition area that has been formed.From the observation, it is found that there is inhibition capacity of methanol extract of Tristania subauriculata King 15% b/v in holding the growth ofARTIKEL PENELITIAN38Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This inhibition capacity increase on the concentration of 30% b/v, 45% b/v, and the biggest inhibition capacity is on the concentration of 60% b/v which can be seen with the increase of inhibition zone.Key word: Folium Tristania subauriculata King extract metanol, Diameterhambat, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

Preface and ToC - Vol 35, No 1 (2011) Redaksi MKA
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN CHILDREN Yusri Dianne Jurnalis; Yorva Sayoet; Sari Dewi
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

AbstrakFaktor risiko infeksi Helicobacter pylori adalah tinggal di negara berkembang, kondisi sosial ekonomi yang rendah, jumlah anggota keluarga yang banyak, etnik dan genetik. Tatalaksana dan diagnosis Helicobacter pylori belum memuaskan karena adanya resistensi antibiotik pada pasien Helicobacter pylori. Kami melaporkan seorang pasien perempuan usia 8 tahun 6 bulan yang terinfeksi Helicobacter pylori. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan hasil laboratorium. Pasien diduga terinfeksi Helicobacter pylori karena mengalami nyeri perut berulang. Dari laboratorium didapatkan serologi IgG Helicobacter pylori positif. Pada hasil endoskopi biopsi ditemukan kuman Helicobacter pylori. Pasien mendapat therapi eradikasi lini pertama untuk infeksi Helicobacter pylori yaitu amoksisilin, klaritromisin dan omeprazol selama dua minggu. Setelah dua minggu pengobatan keluhan pasien tidak ada.Kata kunci: Helicobacter pylori, anak, nyeri perut berulangAbstractRisk factors for acquiring Helicobacter pylori infection include residency of developing country, poor socioeconomic conditions, crowded family, and possibly an ethnic or genetic as predispositions. The diagnosis and management Helicobacter pylori has not been satisfied yet, however, there is problem of increasing resistancy antibiotic due to Helicobacter pylori. Objective: We report a 8 year and 6 month old girl who suffered from Helicobacter pylori. The diagnosis was based on history, clinical finding, and laboratory work-up. Suspicion on the presence of Helicobacter pylori was started when the girl had recurrent abdominal pain. Serology IgG Helicobacter pylori was positive and we had done endoscopic examination and biopsy. Therapy this patient was first line eradication Helicobacter pylori which give amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole for two weeks. There are no sympthoms after two weeks therapyKey word: Helicobacter pylori, children, recurrent abdominal painLAPORAN KASUS

COST OF TREATMENT TINDAKAN SECTIO CAESARIA BERDASARKAN KLASIFIKASI INA-DRG DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH PARIAMAN TAHUN 2010 Adila Kasni; Astiena Astiena; Rima Semiarti; Yessy Aprihatin
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

AbstrakKonsep Indonessian Diagnosis Related Group (INA-DRG) secara umum bertujuan untuk efisiensi dan mutu pelayanan kesehatan. Dengan tarif paket ini diharapkan akan mampu menekan tingginya biaya kesehatan, dimana salah satu pelayanan kesehatatan dengan biaya tinggi di suatu rumah sakit adalah tindakan sectio caesaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cost of treatment tindakan sectio caesaria berdasarkan klasifikasi INA-DRG di RSUD Pariaman tahun 2010.Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan melakukan perhitungan kwantitatif, dan pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif bersumber dari data sekunder berupa rincian biaya pengobatan berdasarkan aktifitas clinical pathway pasien sectio caesaria tanpa penyakit penyerta dan penyulit di kelas III RSUD Pariaman tahun 2010, analisa data yang dipakai adalah analisa univariat dan analisa biaya untuk menghitung cost of treatment tindakan sectio caesaria dengan menggunakan metode aktivity based costing dan simple distribution.Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan cost of treatment sectio caesaria tanpa penyakit penyerta dan penyulit untuk kelas III adalah Rp.1.685.500,- bila gaji dimasukan dalam komponen biaya maka akan terjadi penambahan biaya 0,9% yaitu Rp. 1.849.225,-. Urutan komponen biaya terbesar dalam cost of treatment sectio caesaria adalah biaya obat (35,2%), tindakan operasi (23,5%), asuhan keperawatan (11,1%), akomodasi (7,1%) dan visite dokter (6,4%).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa biaya pengobatan sectio caesaria tidak sesuai dengan tarif INA-DRG program Jamkesmas yaitu lebih besar 50,3% dari tarif INA-DRG program Jamkesmas.Kata kunci : Cost of treatment, INA-DRG Jamkesmas TarifAbstractConcept of Indonesian Diagnosis Related Group (INA-DRG) in general aims for efficiency and quality of health service. With this tariff package is expected to be able to reduce the high cost of health where one of health service with the high cost in one of hospital is sectio caesaria action. The research aims toARTIKEL PENELITIAN2know cost of treatment action of sectio caesaria based on INA-DRG in Pariaman RSUD years 2010.The research is descriptive by doing quantitative calculation and data collection is done retrospectively which sources from secondary data formed detail of the cost of treatment based on activity of patient clinical pathway sectio caesaria without comorbidities and complications in class III Pariaman RSUD years 2010. The data analysis used is the univariate analysis and cost analysis to calculate cost of treatment sectio caesaria action. It uses method of activity based costing and simple distribution.From the result of calculations are gotten cost treatment sectio caesaria without comorbidities and complications for class III are Rp. 1.685.500,- if wage is included in component cost, there will be additional cost 0,9% that is Rp. 1.849.225,-. The order of the largest component cost in cost of treatment sectio caesaria is medicine cost (35,2%), operation action (23,5%), nursing care (11,1%), accommodation (7,1%) and visited doctor (6,4%).Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that the cost of treatment sectio caesaria does not correspond with the INA-DRG Jamkesmas program tariff. That is larger 50,3% than Tariff of INA-DRG Jamkesmas program.Key word : Cost of treatment, INA-DRG Jamkesmas tariff

LIMFOMA MALIGNA PADA MATA YANG DIRAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT Dr. M. DJAMIL PADANG TAHUN 2003-2010 Linda Wira Putri; Ardizal Rahman
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 35, No 1 (2011): Published in April 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

AbstrakMelaporkan kasus Limpoma pada Mata yang dirawat di RS. Dr. M. Djamil Padang.Studi retrospektif dari 17 rekam medik yang didiagnosa sebagai limfoma pada mata di Bagian Mata RSUP dr. M. Djamil antara 2003 – 2010.Terdapat 17 kasus limfoma pada mata di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil antara 2003 – 2010. Pasien laki-laki sebanyak 15 orang dan pasien perempuan 2 orang, dengan usia antara 4 bulan – 71 tahun. Keluhan utama paling sering (82,35%) adalah proptosis pada mata. Semua pasien diperiksa dengan CT scan dan pemeriksaan histopatologis. Tipe limfositik yang paling banyak ditemukan secara histopatologis (64,70%). Semua pasien dianjurkan untuk kemoterapi, tetapi hanya 10 pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi.Proptosis pada mata merupakan tanda yang paling sering dari limfoma maligna pada pasien yang berobat di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil. Tipe limfositik adalah tipe yang paling sering. Tidak semua pasien menjalani kemoterapi karena adanya masalah ekonomi.Kata kunci: Limfoma maligna, limfoma pada mata, proptosisAbstractReporting cases of hospitalized ocular lymphoma at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital from 2003 – 2010.Retrospective study of the medical records of 17 Ocular Lympomas diagnosed patients at the Ophthalmology Department of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, between 2003 – 2010.There were 17 cases of Ocular Lymphoma at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital between 2003 – 2010. They are 15 male and 2 female patients, in range of age between 4 months to 71 years old. Most of them (82.35%) have chief complaint proptosed of the eye since months to years. All patients were examined using CT imaging and histopatologically. Lymphosityc type was the most type of hystopathological characterictic (64.70%) All patient were suggested to chemotherapy, but only 10 patients received chemotherapy.LAPORAN KASUS51Proptosed of the eye was the most commont sign of malignant lymphoma patient visited at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital. Lymphosityc type was the most common type. Not all patients could receive chemotherapy for they have economic problems.Key word : Malignant lymphoma,ocular lymphoma, proptosis

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