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IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)
ISSN : 20894872     EISSN : 22528938     DOI : -
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) publishes articles in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). The scope covers all artificial intelligence area and its application in the following topics: neural networks; fuzzy logic; simulated biological evolution algorithms (like genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization, etc); reasoning and evolution; intelligence applications; computer vision and speech understanding; multimedia and cognitive informatics, data mining and machine learning tools, heuristic and AI planning strategies and tools, computational theories of learning; technology and computing (like particle swarm optimization); intelligent system architectures; knowledge representation; bioinformatics; natural language processing; multiagent systems; etc.
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Articles 1,808 Documents
Deep feature synthesis approach using selective graph attention for replay attack voice spoofing detection Palsapure, Pranita Niraj; Rajeswari, Rajeswari; Kempegowda, Sandeep Kumar
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 13, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v13.i4.pp4915-4926

Abstract

As voice-based authentication becomes increasingly integrated into security frameworks, establishing effective defenses against voice spoofing, particularly replay attacks, is more crucial than ever. This paper presents a novel comprehensive framework for replay attack detection that leverages the integration of advanced spectral-temporal feature extraction and graph-based feature processing mechanisms. The proposed system presents the design of a waveform encoder and a novel temporal residual unit for spectral and temporal feature extraction in synchronous. Further, an approach of selective attention graph followed by multi-scale feature synthesis is employed to retain precise and spoof indicative feature vectors at the classification layer. The proposed method addresses the significant challenge of distinguishing genuine speech from replayed recordings. The validation of the proposed model is done on the ASVSpoof2019 dataset to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. The proposed system outperforms existing methods, achieving a lower equal error rate (EER) of 0.015 and a reduced tandem detection cost function (t-DCF) of 0.503. The comparative outcome exhibits the robustness of the method in identifying replay attacks.
Machine learning for the detection of soil pH, macronutrients, and micronutrients with crop and fertilizer recommendations Montañez, John Joshua; Sarmiento, Jeffrey
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 14, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v14.i1.pp439-446

Abstract

The study aims to determine the levels of soil parameters such as soil pH, macronutrients, and micronutrients. After determining said parameters, the system appropriately recommends crops and fertilizers suitable for the soil samples. For soil pH and macronutrient levels, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, these parameters can be detected using the soil test kit. Meanwhile, for soil micronutrients, i.e., copper, iron, and zinc, there is a need for the development of appropriate assays for colorimetric processes that can be done for the appropriate determination of said micronutrients. Comparison of available machine learning such as support vector machine algorithm, naïve Bayes algorithms, and K-nearest neighbor algorithm is a must to determine the well-fit algorithm that is considered fast and has high predictive power in classification and regression. The outputs of the colorimetric and spectrometric processes are the inputs in the machine learning activities intended for crop and fertilizer recommendation.
Image classification in cultural heritage Sabha, Muath; Saffarini, Muhammed; Yousuf, Rami
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 13, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v13.i4.pp4722-4735

Abstract

In this paper, an automated supervised image classification technique, specifi- cally for classifying images in the cultural heritage domain, is developed. The developed technique classifies images according to a particular date, culture, people and historical age. The proposed technique consists of two stages, fea- ture extraction using the unsupervised segmentation technique, and the classi- fication stage using supervised classification techniques. Common features are extracted, and their histograms are applied to three classifiers: k-nearest neigh- bor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and decision tree (DT). When our tech- nique was applied to a repository of images from cultural heritage, it showed reduced complexity and improved classification accuracy. DT has achieved a higher weighted average recall. This is also represented by the weighted av- erage f-measure where DT has obtained 0.81. DT has outperformed the other classifiers in terms of classifying heritage images.
Efficient reconfigurable parallel switching for low-density parity-check encoding and decoding Venkatesh, Divyashree Yamadur; Mallikarjunaiah, Komala; Srikantaswamy, Mallikarjunaswamy
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 14, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v14.i1.pp260-269

Abstract

In the evolution of next-generation communication systems, the demand for higher data integrity and transmission efficiency has brought low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes into focus, particularly for their error-correcting prowess. Traditional LDPC encoding and decoding techniques, such as the belief propagation (BP), Min-Sum, and Sum-Product algorithms, are hampered by high computational complexity and latency. Our research introduces a groundbreaking approach: an efficient, reconfigurable highspeed parallel switching operation for a complexity-optimized low-density parity-check encoding and decoding model (CoLDPC-EC). This method leverages advanced parallel processing and reconfigurable computing to drastically enhance operational speed and efficiency. It significantly outperforms conventional algorithms by optimizing key parameters like decoding throughput and power consumption, ensuring swift, energy-efficient error correction ideal for cutting-edge communication technologies. Our comparison with traditional methods underscores our solution's superior speed, flexibility, and efficiency, promising a leap forward in reliable, highspeed data transmission for next-generation networks. As per the simulation analysis, the proposed system shows better performance compared to conventional methods by 10.35%, 3.56%, and 2.36% in terms of decoding throughput, power consumption, and energy efficiency error correction, respectively.
Enhancing text classification through novel deep learning sequential attention fusion architecture Shilpa, Shilpa; Soma, Shridevi
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 13, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v13.i4.pp4642-4653

Abstract

Text classification is a pivotal task within natural language processing (NLP), aimed at assigning semantic labels to text sequences. Traditional methods of text representation often fall short in capturing intricacies in contextual information, relying heavily on manual feature extraction. To overcome these limitations, this research work presents the sequential attention fusion architecture (SAFA) to enhance the features extraction. SAFA combines deep long sort-term memory (LSTM) and multi-head attention mechanism (MHAM). This model efficiently preserves data, even for longer phrases, while enhancing local attribute understanding. Additionally, we introduce a unique attention mechanism that optimizes data preservation, a crucial element in text classification. The paper also outlines a comprehensive framework, incorporating convolutional layers and pooling techniques, designed to improve feature representation and enhance classification accuracy. The model's effectiveness is demonstrated through 2-dimensional convolution processes and advanced pooling, significantly improving prediction accuracy. This research not only contributes to the development of more accurate text classification models but also underscores the growing importance of NLP techniques.
Advancing integrity and privacy in cloud storage: challenges, current solutions, and future directions Shrinivasa, Shrinivasa; Beturpalya Muddaraju, Chandrakala; Prashanth Patil, Annapurna
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 14, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v14.i1.pp12-18

Abstract

The rapid expansion of cloud computing has steered in an era where cloud storage is increasingly prevalent, offering significant advantages in terms of reducing local storage burden. However, this technological shift has also introduced complex security challenges, including data integrity and privacy concerns. In response to these challenges, various data integrity auditing (DIA) protocols have been developed, aiming to enable efficient and secure verification of data stored in cloud environments. This survey paper provides a comprehensive analysis of existing DIA mechanisms, focusing on methods like homomorphic linear authentication, dynamic hash tables, and watermarking techniques for integrity and privacy preservation. It critically evaluates these methods in terms of their advantages, limitations, and the unique challenges they face in practical applications, such as scalability, efficiency in multi-owner contexts, and real-time auditing. Furthermore, the paper identifies key research gaps, including the need for optimizing largescale data handling, balancing watermarking imperceptibility with embedding capacity, and developing comprehensive solutions for decentralized public auditing. The survey serves as a critical resource for researchers to understand the current background of cloud data integrity auditing and the future directions in this evolving field.
Improved adaptive multi-threshold method for automatic identification of rhinosinusitis in paranasal sinus images Putra, Ondra Eka; Sumijan, Sumijan; Tajuddin, Muhammad
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 14, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v14.i1.pp119-129

Abstract

Rhinosinusitis, characterized by inflammation of the mucosa or mucous membrane within the paranasal sinuses, anatomical cavities situated in the facial bones, is the focus of this investigation. This study employs computed tomography (CT)-scan images comprising sagittal slices of the paranasal sinuses, acquired through a CT device featuring a Philips Ingenuity CT model MRC880 tube type, identified by tube serial number 163889, with a pixel value resolution of 0.24 mm. The primary objective of this research is to automatically identify and delineate rhizosinusitis-affected areas. This involves the application of multi-threshold values during the segmentation process, utilizing the improved adaptive multi-threshold (IAMT) segmentation method. The research dataset encompasses 380 slices of CTscans derived from 10 patients displaying indications of rhinosinusitis. Analysis of the test results reveals that the smallest observed rhinosinusitis size in this study is 0.05 cm2 on the right side, while the largest size measures 1.81 cm2 , yielding an accuracy rate of 96.66%. The magnitude of rhinosinusitis sizes serves as an indicative measure of the extent of inflammation within the paranasal sinus region, thereby suggesting a potential need for more intensive treatment interventions for the affected patients.
Improving performance of air quality monitoring: a qualitative data analysis Manongga, Danny; Rahardja, Untung; Sembiring, Irwan; Aini, Qurotul; Abas Sunarya, Po
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 13, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v13.i4.pp3793-3807

Abstract

This research aims to improve performance of air quality monitoring and understand the latest relevant technological developments. Employing the Kitchenham systematic literature review (SLR) method, the study examines 436 journal articles and conference proceedings published from 2019 to 2023, sourced from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. The analysis was carried out using Leximancer 5.0 and identified research five themes; i) air quality, ii) artificial intelligence (AI), iii) pollution, iv) middleware, and v) smart environment. The results showed that only 48 journals had strict inclusion and exclusion criteria include relevance to the research theme, methodological quality, and contribution to the research field. In addition, this research integrates AI and middleware, which has significantly contributed to improving air quality. These findings can become the basis for the development of air quality monitoring technology that is more sophisticated and responsive to environmental needs. This research contributes to further understanding air quality monitoring technology trends and designing solutions to improve overall air quality.
Enhanced detection of tomato leaf diseases using ensemble deep learning: INCVX-NET model Kikkeri Subramanya, Shruthi; Bettahalli, Naveen
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 13, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v13.i4.pp4757-4765

Abstract

Automated leaf disease detection quickly identifies early symptoms, and saves time on large farms. Traditional methods like visual inspection and laboratory detection are prevalent despite being labor-intensive, time-consuming, and susceptible to human error. Recently, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising alternative for crop disease recognition. However, these models usually demand extensive training data and face problems in generalization due to the diverse features among different crop diseases. This complexity makes it difficult to achieve optimal recognition performance across all scenarios. To solve this issue, a novel ensemble approach INCVX-Net is proposed to integrate the three DL models, ‘Inception, visual geometry group (VGG)-16, and Xception’ using weighted averaging ensemble for tomato crop leaf disease detection. This approach utilizes the strengths of three DL models to recognize a wide range of disease patterns and captures even slight changes in leaf characteristics. INCVX-Net achieves an impressive 99.5% accuracy in disease detection, outperforming base models such as InceptionV2 (93.4%), VGG-16 Net (92.7%), and Xception (95.2%). This significant leap in accuracy demonstrates the growing power of ensemble DL models in disease detection compared to standalone DL models. The research paves the groundwork for future advancements in disease detection, enhancing precision agriculture through ensemble models.
Enhancing image quality using super-resolution residual network for small, blurry images Hindarto, Djarot; Wahyuddin, Mohammad Iwan; Andrianingsih, Andrianingsih; Komalasari, Ratih Titi; Handayani, Endah Tri Esti; Hariadi, Mochamad
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 13, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v13.i4.pp4654-4666

Abstract

In the background, when low-resolution images are utilized, image identification tasks are frequently hampered. By employing the residual network super-resolution framework, super-resolution techniques are used to enhance image quality, specifically in the detection and identification of small and blurry objects. Improving resolution, decreasing blur, and enhancing object detail are the main goals of the suggested approach. The novelty of this research resides in its application of the activation exponential linear unit (ELU) to the super-resolution residual network (SR-ResNet) framework, which has been demonstrated to enhance image sharpness. The experimental findings demonstrate a substantial enhancement in the quality of the images, as evidenced by the training data's structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.9989 and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 91.8455. Furthermore, the validation data demonstrated SSIM 0.9990 and PSNR 92.5520. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of SR-ResNet significantly enhances the capability of the detection system to detect and classify diminutive and opaque entities precisely. The expected and projected enhancement in image quality significantly influences image processing, especially in situations where accuracy and object differentiation are vital.

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