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International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences

IJAAS
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Published by Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

ISSN : 22528814 EISSN : 27222594 DOI : http://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas

Core Subject : Science, Education, Social,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal dedicated to publish significant research findings in the field of applied and theoretical sciences. The journal is designed to serve researchers, developers, professionals, graduate students and others interested in state-of-the art research activities in applied science areas, which cover topics including: chemistry, physics, materials, nanoscience and nanotechnology, mathematics, statistics, geology and earth sciences.

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Articles 680 Documents

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A numerical simulation of PM2.5 concentration using the WRF-Chem model during a high air pollution episode in 2019 in Jakarta, Indonesia Rista Hernandi Virgianto; Rayhan Rivaniputra; Nanda Putri Kinanti; Agung Hari Saputra; Aulia Nisaul Khoir
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 11, No 4: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Jakarta, as a megapolitan city, is always crowded with thousands of vehicles every day which results in decreased air quality due to combustion emissions and may have a significant impact on human health. Particulate matter (PM2.5) is a pollutant that has an aerodynamic diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers and is very easy to enter the human respiratory system so it can affect health. In the dry season, rain as the main natural mechanism for reducing PM2.5 occurs very rarely, causing an accumulation of PM2.5 concentrations in the atmosphere. The weather research and forecasting model coupled with the chemistry (WRF-Chem) model is a dynamic model that works with atmospheric chemistry combined with meteorological variables simultaneously. This study aims to simulate the concentration of PM2.5 in Jakarta during the high air pollution episode from 20 to 29 June 2019 with the WRF-Chem model based on the T1-MOZCART chemical scheme. Spatial analysis was conducted to determine the distribution of PM2.5 concentrations during high air pollution episodes in Jakarta. Validation of the simulation model was based on three observation sites, one in South Jakarta and two in Central Jakarta. The results showed that the highest correlation is 0.3 and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) is 26.4, while the simulations still tend to overestimate the PM2.5 concentration.

The k-nearest neighbor modelling by varying Mahalanobis and correlation in distance metric for agarwood oil quality classification Noor Syafina Mahamad Jainalabidin; Aqib Fawwaz Mohd Amidon; Nurlaila Ismail; Zakiah Mohd Yusoff; Saiful Nizam Tajuddin; Mohd Nasir Taib
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 11, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Agarwood oil is well known for its unique scent and has many usages; as an incense, as ingredient in perfume, is burnt during religious ceremonies and is used in traditional medical preparation. Therefore, agarwood oil has high demand and is traded at different price based on its quality. Basically, the oil quality is classified by using physical properties (odor and color) and this technique has several problems: not consistent in term of accuracy. Thus, this study presented a new technique to classify the quality of agarwood oil based on chemical properties. The work focused on the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) modelling by varying Mahalanobis and correlation in distance metric for agarwood oil quality classification. It involved of 96 samples of agarwood oil, data pre-processing (data randomization, data normalization, and data division to testing and training datasets) and the development of k-NN model. The training dataset is used to train the k-NN model, and the testing dataset is used to test the developed model. During the model development, Mahalanobis and correlation are varied in k-NN distance metric. The k-NN values are ranging from 1 to 10. Several performance criteria including resubstitution error (closs), cross-validation error (kloss) and accuracy were applied to measure the performance of the built k-NN model. All the analytical work was performed via MATLAB software version R2020a. The result showed that the accuracy of Mahalanobis distance metric has a better performance compared to correlation from k = 1 to k = 5 with the value of 100.00%. This finding is important as it proved the capabilities of k-NN modelling in classifying the agarwood oil quality. Not limited to that, it also contributed to the agarwood oil research area as well as its industry.

Skin cancers image classification using transformation and first order statistic features with artificial neural network classifier Asmaa Abdulrazaq Alqaisi; Loay Edwar George
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 11, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Skin cancer is one of the most dangerous types of cancer. Some types of this cancer lead to death, so cancer must be discovered and indexed to avoid its spread through initial detection in the impulsive stage. This paper deals with the detection and indexing of different types of melanomas using an artificial neural network (ANN) depending on the international skin imaging collaboration (ISIC) 2018 dataset that was used. The pre-processing is the most important part because it formulates an image by insolated the cancer part from the skin image. It consists of four stages, removable, cropping, thinning, and normalization. This phase has been used to eliminate all the undesirable hair particles on the image lesion. The cropped image transforms into frequency domain coefficients using discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and gradient transform for sub-band images to extract its feature. The statistical feature extraction is implemented to minimize the size of data for ANN training. The experimental analysis used dataset ISIC 2018 consisting of seven different types of dermoscopic images (this paper deals with four types only). For classification purposes, ANN was implemented and the accuracy obtained is about 88.98% for DWT, 85.44% for sub-band DCT, and 76.07% for sub-band gradient transform.

Determination of microscopic optical properties of agar and Zerdine phantoms at 635 nm using Kubelka-Munk function approach: a numerical study Hüseyin Okan Durmuş; MirHasan Yu Seyidov
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 11, No 4: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Since the precise and accurate determination of the optical properties of materials is very important for the development and application of optical technology, the investigation of the optical properties of biological tissues with tissue-like phantoms is an important research field in the applications of lasers in medicine. In this study, after directly determining the macroscopic optical properties of the agar and Zerdine phantoms at 635 nm, including the absorbance, transmittance, reflectance, refractive index, and total attenuation coefficient with the single integrating sphere test apparatus; the microscopic optical characterization of these two different soft tissue phantoms were realized at 635 nm by using the Kubelka-Munk function approach. For this, the microscopic optical parameters, which are the absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient, and penetration depth, were calculated over these determined macroscopic optical properties.

Automated Arabic-Arabic sign language translation system based on 3D avatar technology Ahmed A. Alethary; Ahmed Hussein Aliwy; Nabeel Salih Ali
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 11, No 4: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Arabic sign language (ArSL) is the natural language of the deaf community in Arabic countries. Deaf people have a set of difficulties due to poor services available. They have problems accessing essential information or receiving an education, communicating with other communities, and engaging in activities. Thus, a machine translation system of Arabic to ArSL has been developed using avatar technologies. Firstly, a dictionary of ArSL was constructed using eSign editor software. The constructed dictionary has three thousand signs. It can be adopted for the translation system in which written text can be transformed into sign language. The dictionary will be available as a free resource for researchers. It is complex and time-consuming, but it is an essential step in the machine translation of whole Arabic text to ArSL with 3D animations. Secondly, the translator has been developed. It performs syntactic and morphological analysis and then applies a set of rules to translate an Arabic text into ArSL text based on the structure and grammar of ArSL. The system is evaluated according to the parallel corpus that consists of 180 sentences using the metric for evaluation of translation with explicit ordering metric for evaluation of translation with explicit ordering(METEOR) our system achieves a relative score of (86%).

Phasor measurement unit application-based fault allocation and fault classification Sonu Kumar Bairwa; Satyendra Pratap Singh
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 12, No 1: March 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v12.i1.pp15-26

This paper makes a contribution to the field of fault location finding in a new way that helps in the improvement of grid reliability. This paper proposes a study-based approach for fault allocation and fault type classification that uses the study of voltage and current frequency during the abnormal condition. Although, ideally frequency of voltage and current are the same in the abnormal condition they may differ from each other. This difference in frequency is separately measured by the phasor measurement unit (PMU) block at MATLAB/Simulink platform. The PMU (PLL-based, positive-sequence) block is inspired by the IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011. In this approach, we measure the line voltage and current frequency variation with the help of installed PMU after this we present this measurement in characteristics form with the help of the scoping tool in MATLAB/Simulink and study them one by one, and proposed a conclusion for fault location identification and fault type classification. The proposed approach is able to identify the source side and load side fault location and also able to classify faults into two categories namely symmetrical and asymmetrical. The proposed approach is tested on two MATLAB/Simulink models and observed satisfactory.

Silica extract from Malang beach sand via leaching and sol-gel methods Sumari Sumari; Muhammad Roy Asrori; Yana Fajar Prakasa; Dinar Rachmadika Baharintasari; Aman Santoso
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 12, No 1: March 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v12.i1.pp74-81

Many silica minerals are found in beach sands. One of its beach sands is in Bajul Mati beach sand which contains high silica. The silica can be extracted using existing methods, but it is less environmentally friendly. In this research, the extracting process of silica from the sand of Bajul Mati beach (South of Java-Indonesia) has been carried out through a method that is low-cost and more environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to characterize extracted silica with instrumentation results and economic analysis. The method of extracting silica from beach sand was via leaching and sol-gel methods: i) leaching with 7M HCl,ii) the formation of clear sodium silicate solution (Na2O.SiO2),iii) sol-gel: sodium silicate solution titrated with oxalic acid (H2C2O4) 1 M until pH 6 was obtained and silicite Si(OH)4 was formed, and iv) characterization with X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with economic analysis. The result showed that extracted silica has a cristobalite structure based on XRD analysis. The purity of silica (% Wt Si) reached 93.9% based on XRF analysis. FTIR analysis has identified silanol, siloxic, and siloxane groups. The SEM analysis shows that silica (SiO2) particles tend to form agglomerations about ∼1 μm. In addition, economic analysis results showed that this method will support implementation in the future, so silica has been produced by this developed method.

Design and manufacture of four wheel tractor for medium size work rice farming Iwan Harianton; Agus Surjana Saefudin; Muhammad Ali Suparman
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 12, No 1: March 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v12.i1.pp82-92

Indonesia is located at the equator occupy areas north and south of its bearing atmosphere where about 270 million people live the land of very rich soil and are also rich in mineral sediment demanded heavily for today's technology including nickel, bauxite, lithium, and aurum with its close articles such as thin and uranium. So numerous heavy mining equipment works around the clock. Unfortunately, the other potential products of the rich soil were somehow neglected as the nation left such activities to its traditional practice by utilizing man and animal to cultivate the plantation, so that the productivity of the land from the surface is very minimal such that the average productivity of the soil only reach 27% compared to its champion in the developed countries per acre per year. The study on such low soil productivity is caused by two main problems, such that the lack of massive soil processing technology and low attraction for the worker to pursue their career in farming as more money is offered by the transportation sector being an online transport business. This article is a series published on the tractor research initiative that aims to provide a functional medium tractor powered by a 30 HP engine that can do the basic work of a tractor including lifting soil on the surface so that oxygen will fill up the soil and the mineral can reach the root of the plant life on it and kill the unfavorable weeds in the process. The article will discuss all functional elements of the tractor and necessary specifications from design, manufacturing, and final assembly. Further publications will involve optimal design and construction to head for the final products of its commercial endeavor.

Nano-bioremediation of heavy metals from environment using a green synthesis approach Farah Aslam; Sumaira Mazhar
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 12, No 1: March 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v12.i1.pp7-14

The quality of human life is compromised due to the increased concentration of toxic heavy metals in air, water, and soil which is directly interacted with living life. Exceed levels of Cr, Cd, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, and Hg influence the living chain and not only causes human damage but also greatly effects animals, plants, and microorganisms. The consistent increase in drawbacks of traditional methods makes them a poor choice for the remediation of heavy metals. In comparison to that, the use of advanced technology at nano levels gives promising results. Many nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, nanoflowers, and nanoadsorbents of different metals such as copper, titanium, zinc, gold, silver, iron, cerium, and manganese use along with different biological materials increase the nano-bioremediation rate in the field of science and pose industrial and environmental applications. Being a cost-effective, eco-friendly, controllable nature of nano-bioremediation technology, they lack background knowledge, and handling at the commercial level. This review highlights different types of nanomaterials, how they are implemented in different application, their green synthesis approach, and the boon and bane of using nano-bioremediation technology in real-time.

Andisol and microcrystalline cellulose from Typha angustifolia for auramine O adsorption Pranoto Pranoto; Venty Suryanti; Robi'atul Adawiyah
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 12, No 1: March 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v12.i1.pp27-36

Andisol has a large surface area, is mesoporous, and contains the active groups' silanol (Si-OH) and aluminol (Al-OH). Besides andisol, cellulose is a good adsorbent, because microcrystalline cellulose has an active hydroxyl group (OH). The number of active adsorbent groups can be enhanced by chemically modifying the surface area (increment), or adding other materials. These modifications included alkaline modified-andisol with the addition of NaOH to increase pore size, cellulose hydrolysis with HCl to increase surface area, and andisol modification with the inclusion of other materials, mainly cellulose, to increase surface area. After the adsorption process is complete, the adsorption capacity of andisol-microcrystalline cellulose (AMS) to auramine O (AO) is known. As an adsorbent for AO, the surface area of BET andisol is 25.92 m2/g and the pore diameter is 14.40 nm, while the surface area of microcrystalline cellulose and AMS adsorbent are 26.60 m2/g and 18.60 m2/g, respectively. The maximum AO adsorption conditions by AMS were at pH 7, optimum at a contact time of 5 minutes, and maximum at a concentration of 40 mg/L with an adsorbent ratio of 1:1. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm more closely followed the pseudo second-order and Langmuir isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 5.24 mg/g.

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