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Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 2613943X     EISSN : 26205572     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe
Core Subject : Health, Education,
Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
The Review of Primary Care Practice and Education is a bilingual open access journal which provides scientific information on the field of ‘Primary Care’ and ‘Family Medicine’ in the form of research-based scientific articles, case reports, policy briefs and new findings from experts, civitas akademika and medical practitioners. This journal is an official journal of the College of Indonesian Primary Care Physicians in collaboration with the Department of Family and Community Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, with the inaugural publication in January, 2018. The limited number of scientific journals of primary care and family medicine in Indonesia encouraged the College of Indonesian Primary Care Physicians to create a journal which focuses on the primary care, family and community medical sciences, and to disseminate the information to academics, health practitioners, and the public. This journal contains scientific information on strengthening efforts of primary care, various health problems in primary care, principles of education and family medicine services, and the efforts to create a healthier and prosperous community in Indonesia and the world.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 1 (2025): January" : 7 Documents clear
Stage 3 HIV Patient with Severe Dysfunctional APGAR Score: A Palliative Approach Prastiwi, Silvia Hari; Wasityastuti, Widya
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 8, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.91275

Abstract

Mr. D, a 45 years old patient was visited at home for his HIV stage 3.  The patient admitted that he had shortness of breath that was not affected by activity and there was no swelling in both legs. He also has a cough that produces sticky phlegm. He experiences diarrhea, even though it doesn’t happen every day. He was diagnosed with HIV since 2012 and admitted that did not comply with taking ARTs. He underwent the test two years after his wife was diagnosed with HIV; during this time, he also had persistent shortness of breath and lost weight due to a co-infection with tuberculosis. He acknowledged not taking ARTs on a regular basis for about ten years after receiving his diagnosis because he believed he had accepted his predicament. Since four years ago, his wife has been gone, leaving him with their children.He has two sons: the oldest, a 20-year-old who provides the family's foundation, and the younger, a 17-year-old who is still in school. The patient and their kids currently don't get along well because there isn't much communication between them and because the kids spend much of their time alone at home and don't say hello to each other. Because of the low economic status and the family's lack of concern for the patient's diet, the patient consumes the same foods every day, such as instant noodles or fried eggs.The patient's shortness of breath prevents him from working and interferes with his daily routines. He stated that because he was alone at home and was experiencing discomfort with his shortness of breath, he could only rest and lie down there. The patient was urged to be referred to Sardjito Hospital by the doctor at the Community Health Center (Puskesmas), but he was rejected on the grounds that he could not have a companion with him. 
Rationality of Antibiotic Therapy in Patients with Acute Pharyngitis Based on the Centor Score at the First Level Health Facilities Raditya, I Gede Wahyu Adi; Putra, I Dewa Gede Arta Eka
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 8, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.103006

Abstract

Background: Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharyngeal wall caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, trauma, irritants, and others. It is important to determine the cause of pharyngitis to ensure the need for antibiotic therapy, considering the high rate of antibiotic resistance. Objective: This study aims to determine the rationality of antibiotic therapy in patients with acute pharyngitis based on the Centor score at the primary health facility in Denpasar. Method: This study is a retrospective descriptive study by taking secondary data from medical records of patients with acute pharyngitis who received antibiotic therapy at Public Health Center A in East Denpasar and Clinic B in West Denpasar. From each primary health care, research samples were selected using systemic random sampling. The Centor score was assessed from the medical records of 32 patients at each primary health care. Rational antibiotic therapy is defined at a Centor score ≥4, while irrational <4. Results: The Centor score description in the sample shows that most samples have a Centor score of less than 4, where in the Public Health Center there were 23 (71.9%) samples and in the Clinic 22 (68.8%) samples. Overall, 45 (70.3%) samples had a Centor score <4, so in this study, only 29.7% of acute pharyngitis patients were rational to receive antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: The administration of antibiotics to patients with acute pharyngitis in primary health care in Denpasar is not rational. Socialization and education are needed for general practitioners in primary health care about the use of the Centor score in patients with acute pharyngitis to help clinicians determine whether or not antibiotic therapy is needed.
Potential of Purple Sweet Potato Ethanol Extract (Ipomea Batata L.) to Prevent Skin Aging in Menopausal Wistar Rats Wiryanthini, Ida Ayu Dewi; Sutadarma, I Wayan Gede; Dewi, Ni Putu Ratih Cahaya; Aryaweda, Made Dhiyo Wiweka
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 8, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.103175

Abstract

Background: Menopause is a hypo-estrogenic condition due to decreased ovarian function, a natural thing experienced by women between the ages of 45 and 55, causing health problems on the skin, in the form of decreased collagen production so that skin elasticity decreases, and is prone to dry conditions, sagging to fine lines and wrinkles as a sign of skin aging also called Estrogen Deficient Skin (EDS). This study aims to determine the role of anthocyanin activity in purple sweet potatoes as phytoestrogens to overcome skin symptoms caused by EDS in the form of proliferation of collagen-forming cells, namely fibroblast cells in Wistar rats with a menopause model. Method: This research is purely experimental with the method Post Test Only Control Group Design which aims to determine the effect of administering purple sweet potato ethanol extract on the number of fibroblast cells in the skin tissue of Wistar rats with a menopause model. A total of 16 female Wistar rats aged 12 weeks that were bilaterally ovariectomized were divided into 2 groups, namely group P0 given 1 ml/day of distilled water, group P1 given ethanol extract of purple sweet potato at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW/day for 3 months. On the last day of treatment, the experimental animals were terminated and then skin tissue was taken to make histological preparations of Masson's Trichrome and to examine the number of fibroblast cells. Results: Data analysis using the Independent T test obtained significant results p=0.00 and Post Hoc LSD obtained significant results p<0.05 for all comparisons across groups. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that Anthocyanin in ethanol extract of purple sweet potato can increase fibroblast cell proliferation in skin tissue of Wistar rats with a menopause model. Further research is still needed on other parameters to prove the role of Anthocyanin as a phytoestrogen to overcome EDS.
Leprosy Trophic Ulcer Management Karna, Ni Luh Putu Ratih Vibriyanti
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 8, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.103179

Abstract

Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, also a polymorphic disease with a wide range of neurocutaneous manifestations. Unfortunately, delayed diagnosis and treatment are still an issue in endemic poor resource settings and in non-endemic countries due to global migration. Ulcer is not a common feature in leprosy patients, except during reactional states, Lucio’s phenomenon (LP), or secondary to neuropathies. Objective:To study the treatment options to manage leprosy trophic ulcer. Method: The Google-scholar, Science-Direct database, and ResearchGate from 2010 until September 2023 were searched using the keywords “leprosy ulcer”, “leprosy trophic ulcer”, “plantar leprosy ulcer”, and “leprosy ulcer management.” All available cohort studies, case-series, case-reports, and expert reviews were included with an emphasis on leprosy trophic ulcer management. Results: The trophic ulcer evolves initially from a trauma/deep fissure/callosity or tenderness over pressure-bearing areas of palms and soles. Anesthesia of the foot is the central factor in the pathogenesis of plantar ulcer. Sufficient rest for a simple ulcer is essential for ulcer healing. Topical treatment to promote wound healing includes phenytoin, zinc oxide, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and hydrocolloid dressing. Various surgical methods are available for management of plantar ulcers, including skin grafts and different types of flaps. In primary care settings, early detection, patient education, and self-care practices are essential in preventing severe ulcerations and recurrence. A clinical sign that can be suspected is the stage of threatened ulcer, called the pre-ulcerative with aseptic inflammation, usually occurring under a joint or a bony prominence of the foot and characterized by edematous lesions. Initial management in primary care including wound care and protection, limiting mobility, and reducing heavy loads on the wound area, especially in the lower extremities. Conclusion: Leprosy trophic ulcer management includes sufficient rest, topical treatment to promote wound healing, and various surgical methods.
Exercise and Chronic Diseases: A Scoping Review Imron, Moh. Ali; Adiatmika, I Putu Gede; Jawi, I Made
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 8, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.103256

Abstract

Background: Regular exercise has been postulated as beneficial to prevent, treat, and manage a chronic disease that nowadays is caused by a sedentary life. However, its prescription and mechanism of how exercise positively affects health conditions is requiring further research. Objective: To investigate the types of regular exercise and exercise prescription and mechanisms in preventing or treating a chronic disease. Methods: This study reviewed articles from ProQuest, Science Direct, Wiley, and PubMed using the terms 'chronic disease', 'exercise', 'physical activity', and 'cytokine'. Results: Forty-six articles were reviewed in this study which originated from different regions spanning Asia, Europe, America, and Africa. The articles were categorized based on sample characteristics, which were; elderly, healthy adults, athletes, mice, and others. Each article describes an aerobic or anaerobic exercise performed under various interventions ranging from low, moderate, to high and comprehensively explains its effect on human biology, including on the body system, tissue adaptation, muscle hypertrophy, and neuroplasticity, by examining its effect on proteins, hormones, enzymes, microRNAs, as well as functional metrics pertaining to physical capacity enhancement. Conclusion: This review concludes that exercise will elicit effects on the immune and metabolic systems of people with chronic disease.
The Role of Antioxidant Therapy in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review Astini, Dewa Ayu Agung Alit Suka; Yasa, I Wayan Putu Sutirta; Jawi, I Made; Wande, I Nyoman
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 8, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.104276

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease and has become a global problem due to the rapid increase in the number of cases. This disease is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. The occurrence of oxidative stress is known to play a central role in the development of T2DM complications, through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) that worsen insulin resistance, worsen beta cell function, and trigger complications such as cardiovascular complications, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Objectives: This literature review aims to evaluate the scientific evidence supporting the use of antioxidant therapy as an additional approach in the management of T2DM, focusing on the effectiveness and mechanism of action of antioxidant compounds on glycemic parameters, oxidative stress, and diabetes complications. Methods: A literature search was conducted through databases on ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar, with the keywords "antioxidant therapy", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "oxidative stress", and "diabetes management". The selected articles included in vitro, in vivo studies, and clinical trials published in the period 2013-2023. Literature review focused on the biochemical mechanisms of antioxidant compounds and clinical outcomes related to glycemic parameters and diabetes complications. The literature extraction process was carried out from January to March 2024. Results: Supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, polyphenols, saponins, and flavonoids has been proven to reduce blood glucose levels and increase insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanism involves increasing antioxidant activity, regulating glucose homeostasis, as well as modulating signaling pathways such as AMPK, PPAR, and GLUT4. Conclusions: This bioactive compound has potential as an adjunct therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by targeting oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to determine optimal dosage and long-term effectiveness.
Culturally Sensitive Primary Care in Indonesia: How Should It Work? Nugraha, Ryan Rachmad; Claramita, Mora
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education Vol 8, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.112542

Abstract

The Need for a Culturally-Sensitive Primary CareAs globalization rises and populations grow, cultures intermingle, prompting us to understand culture in the way we interact with each other, and most importantly, in care and practice. This coins the term “culturally sensitive primary care,” or often referred to cultural competence or cultural humility, which is the ability of providers to understand and respond to patients’ cultural belief, values, and language needs. Embracing this culture is critical for improving patients’ outcomes and reducing health disparities. Studies have shown when care is tailored to patients' cultural context, it leads to better communication and therefore higher patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment, and even enhanced clinical outcomes1,2. Doctors who have been trained on culturally adapted communication were found to be associated with patients who were more satisfied, had better understanding of their condition, and showed improved health indicators, such as blood pressure and glucose. Conversely, when cultural understanding is not considered in interacting with patients, miscommunication may occur, such as misunderstanding due to language barriers or difference in health beliefs, which may result in distrust and poorer health outcomes3.Cultural sensitivity is especially important in primary care, particularly as primary care physicians (PCP) become the patients’ first point of contact within the health system. Patients’ health beliefs and behavior are driven by their culture, and thus failure to acknowledge this phenomenon might lead to missed critical information. For example, cultural practices may influence patients’ behavior and shift away patients from accessing appropriate care. A study proved that the higher Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) density in a given area is linked with higher odds of mothers not utilizing cascades of maternal services4. On the other hand, PCPs that are culturally adept may use it to their advantage to improve care. A meta-analysis showed that, across interventions targeting underrepresented adults, those with cultural relevance tailoring significantly improved medication adherence compared with non-tailored approaches5. 

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