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Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS)
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 26219182     EISSN : 26219190     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Immunology & microbiology
HAJAS aims to publish original research results and reviews on farm tropical animals such as cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, poultry, as well as non domesticated Indonesian endemic animals, such as deers, anoa, babirusa, etc.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Hewan dan Zoologi
Articles 84 Documents
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Milk Caramel Candy Quality by Added Sugar and Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) Wulandari, A. T. R; Malaka, R.; Maruddin, F.
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v7i1.33044

Abstract

Caramel candy or toffee is a confectionery product made from basic sugar, glucose syrup, milk, fat, and salt ingredients. Sugar plays a role in the formation of brown color and caramelization, while the addition of red ginger acts as a flavor enhancer for caramel candy. The reaction results in the production of melanoid and antioxidant compounds. It also affects the taste, texture, aroma, and appeal of caramel candy. This research aimed to analyze the effects of the use and interaction of sugar and red ginger on antioxidants, organoleptic tests, and color L*, as well as chemical (reducing sugar and water content) changes in caramel candy products. This research design used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern, with factor A adding sugar (0, 5, 10, 15) %; factor B adding red ginger juice (0, 2, 4, 6) %. This research shows that sugar and ginger juice can increase the A* color value, ginger taste, caramel taste, color, ginger, and caramel aroma. Meanwhile, increasing sugar and ginger juice can reduce the L* color value, antioxidant activity, and water content. Adding 15% sugar and 4% red ginger juice is the best for making red ginger juice. Keywords: Milk caramel candy, red ginger juice, sugar, physicochemical quality
Movement Patterns of Bali Bull (Bos sondaicus) Sperms After Supplementation of Micronutrients Zn, Selenium, and Vitamin E Arisanti, N.; Yusuf, M.; Toleng, A. L.
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v7i1.33344

Abstract

In ruminant livestock, it is very important to pay attention to the adequacy of micro minerals and vitamins, considering that minerals and vitamins are absolute and must be present in the feed so that the health and productivity of the livestock is not disturbed. To produce quality semen, vitamin E, selenium and zinc are needed. These micronutrients play a role in the spermatogenesis process which will have an impact on the quality of spermatozoa produced by male livestock. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation of micronutrient on sperm movement pattern of Bali bull. This study was used two Bali bull aged 4-5 years with a body weight of 300-350 kg. The study was divided into two periods of treatments and each period was carried out for three weeks. In the first period (control), experimental Bali bull was fed natural grasses and concentrate (1% of body weight). Furthermore, in the second period (treatment period), the feed was similar as the first period with the addition of a mixture of minerals (Zn and Se) and vitamin E. The volume, color, pH, viscosity and movement pattern of the bull's sperm were recorded. Likewise, sperm concentration, motility, viability and abnormality were measured. Fresh semen was diluted with Andromed® accordingly before subsequent processing. Data were analyzed using paired student t-test. The results of the study showed that the macroscopic quality of fresh semen of Bali bull improved after supplementation of micronutrient. The movement pattern of spermatozoa after administration of micronutrient supplements did not have a significant effect (P>0.05). It can be concluded that micronutrient supplementation in Bali bulls can improve macroscopic evaluation, abnormality, viability, concentration and maintained spermatozoa movement patterns. Keywords: Bali bull, spermatozoa, micronutrient, semen quality, and movement
Heat Shock Protein Gene Expression Analysis in Extensively Reared Indigenous Wad Goats Tella, A.
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v7i1.35164

Abstract

This study investigated the expression patterns of HSP90 and HSP70 genes, which encode heat shock proteins, using 45 genomic DNA samples isolated from West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in Nigeria. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of each marker was evaluated to determine its level of informativeness. DNA samples were collected from apparently healthy WAD goats in Osun, Oyo, and Kwara States under field heat-stress conditions, with ambient temperature and relative humidity recorded at the time of sampling. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed using primers specific for each heat shock protein gene, and the PCR products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on an ABI 3730 DNA Sequencer. Allelic variation was assessed using Microsatellite Analyzer software to generate allele frequencies. The results revealed alleles A and C as the predominant alleles for markers SSR1 (HSP90) and SSR2 (HSP70), respectively. The effective number of alleles and expected heterozygosity were higher for SSR2 (He = 0.40) than for SSR1 (He = 0.36). PIC values ranged from 0.55 (HSP90) to 0.59 (HSP70), indicating that both markers were informative (PIC ≥ 0.50). This study provides the first molecular characterization of HSP90 and HSP70 gene polymorphisms in WAD goats under tropical heat-stress conditions, suggesting their potential as reliable genetic biomarkers for thermotolerance selection and future breeding programs aimed at improving heat resilience in tropical livestock. Keywords: Heat shock proteins; HSP90; HSP70; thermotolerance; West African Dwarf Goat
Comparative Analysis of Broiler Chicken Productivity in Relation to the El Niño and La Niña Yusuf, Muhammad; Asri, Haryanto
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v6i2.41563

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of El Niño and La Niña on the productivity of broiler chickens in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. The research was conducted in June 2024 using data from broiler farms that implement a close-house system. The research method involved collecting broiler productivity data, including feed consumption, weight gain (WG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), mortality, and Performance Index (PI), as well as climate data such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity.The results showed significant differences in broiler productivity between the El Niño and La Niña periods. During La Niña, feed consumption (0.098 kg/bird/day) and WG (0.063 kg/bird/day) were higher compared to the El Niño period (0.088 kg/bird/day and 0.057 kg/bird/day). FCR remained stable (1.5) in both conditions, indicating consistent feed conversion efficiency. Mortality was slightly higher during La Niña (5.11%) than El Niño (4.80%). The Performance Index (PI) was higher during La Niña (393) than El Niño (360), indicating better overall productivity.  Multiple linear regression analysis showed that climate variables (La Niña intensity, temperature, rainfall, and humidity) did not significantly affect the PI. A SWOT analysis identified an offensive strategy as the optimal approach, leveraging the strengths of the closed house system and the growing market opportunities. The conclusion of this study indicates that although there are productivity differences between El Niño and La Niña periods, the use of closed-house technology helps maintain production stability. This research highlights the importance of technological adaptation in addressing climate variability to sustain broiler farm productivity. Keywords: El Nino, La Nina, broiler productivity, close house, climate variability
Weed Fermentation in Islamic Agriculture: Improving Forage Production in Smallholder Farming Insani, A N; Mariam, M; Furqan, F
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v7i1.36989

Abstract

This study aimed to identify potential weed species suitable as raw materials for fermentation technology in producing nutrient-rich organic fertilizers, thereby linking sustainable agricultural innovation with Islamic environmental ethics. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with four treatments based on the volume of fermented weed-based fertilizer (0, 30, 40, and 50 mL) and three replications, resulting in a total of 36 experimental units. Observed parameters included plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content, while forage quality was analyzed through neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) composition. Results showed that weed fermentation had no significant effect on plant growth (P > 0.05) but significantly improved forage quality (P < 0.01) across fertilizer doses. Fermented weed-based fertilizer thus proved effective for enhancing the nutrient quality of green fodder sustainably. This research introduces a novel integration of weed fermentation technology and Islamic ethical principles, providing an innovative model for eco-friendly and faith-aligned agricultural practices. Keywords: Weed fermentation; organic fertilizer; forage quality; sustainable agriculture; Islamic agricultural ethics
Correlation Between Blood Metabolite Profile and Spermatozoa Quality in Bali Semen by Micronutrient Addition Dondatu, E.; Toleng, A. L.; Yusuf, M.
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v7i1.34068

Abstract

The hematological profile and blood metabolite status are indicators of the physiological condition of livestock. This study aimed to determine the correlation between blood metabolite profiles (blood glucose and cholesterol) and sperm quality (motility and abnormality) in fresh Bali bull semen. Blood collection and semen sampling were conducted twice a week for 5 weeks. The collected blood and fresh semen were evaluated from two treatments: before and after the addition of micronutrients (including Zn, Se, and Vitamin E) in the feed. The parameters observed in this study were blood metabolite profiles (blood glucose and cholesterol levels) and sperm quality (percentage (%) motility and % abnormality of spermatozoa) before and after the addition of micronutrients. The data obtained were analyzed using simple linear regression and correlation tests. The results of this study showed that both treatments had a correlation between blood metabolite profiles and sperm quality in fresh Bali bull semen. Blood glucose levels correlated with sperm motility in fresh Bali bull semen, and good sperm motility values were obtained in all treatments before and after micronutrient administration in the feed. Cholesterol levels correlated with sperm abnormalities in fresh Bali bull semen, and all treatments before and after micronutrient addition in the feed showed abnormality values above the standard value. The blood metabolite profile (glucose and cholesterol) correlates with spermatozoa quality (motility and abnormalities) in fresh semen from Bali bull, where the addition of micronutrients in feed can increase spermatozoa motility but is not effective in suppressing the decrease in spermatozoa abnormalities. Keywords: Blood metabolite, blood sugar, cholesterol, spermatozoa quality
Milk Quality, Curd, and Whey Percentages of Holstein Friesian Cows at Different Lactation Phases Syawal, S.; Utamy, R.F.; Ako, A.; Hasbi , H.; Rahman, A. A.; Ramadan, Z.; Mufliha, R.
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v7i1.37178

Abstract

The lactation phase of dairy cows is very important in determining the quality of milk produced. The lactation phase is divided into three phases: early, mid, and late lactation. The objective of this study was to determine the milk quality and percentage of curd and whey of Holstein Friesian dairy cows at different lactation phases. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replicates of each treatment. The treatments in this study were P1 = early lactation, P2 = middle lactation, and P3 = late lactation. The research data were processed through the SPSS application using the ANOVA test, and if there was a difference between treatments, it would be further tested using the Duncan test. The lactation phase significantly affected (P < 0.05) the fat content and curd production of Holstein Friesian cow milk, but did not significantly affect the protein content, pH, specific gravity (SG), and viscosity of Holstein Friesian cow milk. The lactation phase has a significant impact on the milk quality and percentage of curd and whey in Holstein Friesian dairy cows. It has been observed that during the late lactation phase, the milk quality tends to be higher, which is a noteworthy finding for dairy farmers. Keywords: Phase of lactation, physical quality, chemical quality, curd, and whey
Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Effect on Performance and Small Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chicken Assaf, A. F.; Rahardja, D.P.; Purwanti, S.
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v7i1.42991

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation through drinking water on broiler performance and small intestine morphology. A total of 100 day-old broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 5 replicates, with 5 broilers in each experimental unit for 35 days. The drinking water treatments were P0: Water (Control); P1: Water + Prebiotic (5 g/L); P2: Water + Probiotic (3 g/L); P3: Water + Synbiotic (Probiotic 3 g/L + prebiotic 5 g/L). Commercial feed consisting of the three rearing phases was used during the study, and drinking water was provided ad libitum. Parameters measured were water and feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, performance index, small intestine morphometry, which is measured by the length/weight ratio, and Histo-morphometry of the small intestine of individual segments, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at the end of the experiment on 3 chicken samples (lightest, medium, heavy) from each treatment. The results showed that prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation through drinking water significantly (P<0.05) affected drinking water and feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, length/weight ratio, and histo-morphology of the small intestine. Overall, it can be concluded that synbiotic supplementation demonstrated a synergistic effect between prebiotics and probiotics, outperforming prebiotic and probiotic supplementation separately in terms of performance, small intestine ratio, and small intestine histomorphology. Synbiotics also significantly showed a trend towards feed use efficiency, as seen in feed conversion. Keywords: Broiler Chicken, Natural Growth Promotor, Performance Index, Intestinal Gut Ratio, and Intestinal Histomorphometry
Physiological Response and Productivity Indigofera Zollingeriana Mutan-2 After Salinity Stress with Different Defoliation Muarif, A.P.; Nadir, M.; Syahrir, S.
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v7i2.35582

Abstract

ABSTRACT The cultivation of Indigofera zollingeriana is carried out using coastal areas to develop livestock farming, and the genetic structure of the plant can be altered through gamma irradiation technology to enhance the level of tolerance and resilience. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the physiological response and productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana mutant-2 plant at several doses of gamma irradiation. A separate plot method was used based on a completely randomized design (CRD). The main plot comprised defoliation duration for 40 (B1) and 70 days (B2), while the subplot consisted of gamma irradiation with dose treatment description A1= Control, A2= 100 Gy, and A3= 200 Gy. Physiological parameters of the Indigofera zollingeriana plant consisted of leaf area, index, proline, chlorophyll, and stomata. Meanwhile, productivity parameters, there are dry matter, total leaf, total branch, and stem ratio, were examined using the analysis of variance. The physiological responses of chlorophyll and stomata parameters were also reported in relation to the dose of gamma irradiation (P<0.05) and age of defoliation (P<0.05), respectively. In this context, gamma irradiation treatment affected productivity, specifically in terms of dry matter (P < 0.05). The interaction between the doses had a significant effect on the total branch of Indigofera zollingeriana mutant-2 (P<0.05). The results showed that a dose of 200 Gy of gamma irradiation, with defoliation 70 days after uniform pruning, was the most effective in providing physiological responses and plant productivity. Indigofera zollingeriana, Irradiation, Defoliation Age, Physiology, Productivity
Colour’s Profile of Longissimus Dorsi Beef at Different Kluwek Addition Levels and Marinating Times Wicaksono, A. D.; Nur, A.; Irwan, I.
Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hajas.v7i2.43303

Abstract

Beef is a common food in everyday life. The longissimus dorsi muscle, known as rib eye, is one of the primary cuts of beef due to its tenderness and marbling, making it highly valued for culinary purposes. Meanwhile, kluwek (Pangium edule), a plant widely found in Southeast Asia and known locally as kepayang, is traditionally used as an antioxidant, preservative, and natural colouring agent in food preparation.  This study aims to analyze the colour profile of Longissimus dorsi beef by evaluating the effects of different levels of kluwek addition and marination times. The experiment was designed using a 5x4 factorial pattern with three replications. The first factor was the kluwek level (L1 = 0%, L2 = 2%, L3 = 4%, L4 = 6%), and the second factor was the marination time (W0 = 0 minutes, W1 = 30 minutes, W2 = 60 minutes, W3 = 90 minutes, W4 = 120 minutes).  Results indicated that the lightness (L*) of the beef was significantly affected (P<0.05) by the addition of 6% kluwek, with an interaction observed between kluwek levels and marination times. Redness (a*) was not significantly influenced (P>0.05) by any of the treatments, while yellowness (b*) was significantly reduced (P<0.05) with the addition of 6% kluwek.  In conclusion, adding 6% kluwek effectively alters the lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of the beef, while redness (a*) remains stable. This study highlights the potential of kluwek, a local ingredient, to enhance the visual properties of beef during marination. Keywords: Kluwek, Longissimus dorsi, Marinating time

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