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Kinetika
Published by Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
ISSN : 16939050     EISSN : 26231417     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan merupakan hasil-hasil riset/penelitian dalam bidang Teknik Kimia, Bioteknologi, Energi dan Lingkungan, Agroindustri dan pangan, serta Petrokimia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 214 Documents
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PENGARUH RASIO UDARA BAHAN BAKAR LPG TERHADAP FLAME TEMPERATURE DAN EFISIENSI TERMAL CROSS SECTION WATER TUBE BOILER Apriani, Marsa; Susanti, Amalia; Has, Cresa Moneta; Tahdid; Manggala, Agus; Erlinawati; Zurohaina
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): KINETIKA 01112021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Boiler is one of energy conversion machines. The boiler function is converting water into steam by utilizing the heat from the chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen in the air which is commonly known as the combustion reaction. The research purposes are to determine the effect of the LPG fuel air ratio on the flame temperature and thermal efficiency of cross section water tube boiler, and to determine the optimum fuel air ratio which produces the highest flame temperature and thermal efficiency. The air fuel ratio that use in this research are 29.16; 29.44; 29.71; 29.99; and 30,26. Based on the research, it is known that the fuel air ratio affects both of flame temperature and thermal efficiency of the cross section water tube boiler. On the range of air fuel ration 29.16 to 30.26, it is known that the greater the fuel air ratio, the higher the flame temperature and thermal efficiency The optimum air fuel ratio in this research is 29.99 which produces 680oC flame temperature and 58.85% on steady state saturated steam production, 7010C flame temperature and 59.71% thermal efficiency on non steady state saturated steam production, and 7040C flame temperature and 59.32% on superheated steam production.
TINJAUAN SISTEM PENGERING SILIKA GEL BERBASIS ABU SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM VAKUM TRAY DRYER TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN DAYA SERAP Arisqi, Muhamad Muammar; Junaidi, Robert; Fadarina
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): KINETIKA 01112021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Rice husks are waste from the agricultural industry. Usually this rice husk waste is burned and thrown away without any further processing so that it can pollute the environment. To reduce waste from rice husk ash, in this study rice husk ash will be used as an adsorbent in increasing the adsorbent capacity of silica gel. Rice Husk Ash contains 97.3% Silica. The high silica content of Rice Husk Ash has the potential to be used as a material for making silica-based materials such as silica gel. The large amount of silica (SiO2) contained in rice husk ash makes rice husk ash potential as a raw material for making silica gel. Rice husk ash as adsorbent can also absorb dye from woven fabric waste which is directly disposed of into receiving waters. In this research phase, starting from the extraction process of rice husk ash with 2M KOH at a temperature of 110 oC for 2 hours. Furthermore, it will be lightened in a desiccator and filtered to get a filtrate in the form of Na2SiO3. The filtrate will be mixed with H2SO4 solution until the pH is at a value of 7 and dry it in an oven with a variation of 4, 5 and 6 hours at a temperature of 120 oC. To see the silica gel content using Gravimetry, while to analyze the absorption of dyes in woven fabric waste using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT TIPE SPRAY DRYER UNTUK PROSES PENGERINGAN SUSU BUBUK BERBASIS JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata) Putri, Astri Oktaviana; Mentari, Inez Artemisia; Julyantiya, Robby Try; Yuliati, Selastia; Dewi, Erwana
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): KINETIKA 01112021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Drying is one of techniques used in food preservation. Spray Dryer is a type of dryer that can change the feed from a fluid state into granules and then convert again into particles which are dried continuously in hot drying media. Spray dryer uses liquid atomization to form droplets, then the droplets formed are dried using dry air with high temperature and pressure. This 31emperat aims to produce high quality corn porridge milk. The drying process is carried out by a batch process where the material is put into a spray dryer and the process is allowed for a certain period of time. The heat transfer process that occurs in this tool is the main variable to determine the efficiency and performance of the tool produced. The drying process of milk powder was carried out at a temperature of 150° C and 160°C in 75 minutes. Based on the analysis, the calculation of heat transfer rate, drying rate, and thermal efficiency obtained a powdered milk product of 0.8 grams with a convection heat transfer rate of 1.6924 kJ, a conduction heat transfer rate of 1.299 kJ, a drying rate of 31.594 kg / hour. And thermal efficiency of 35%.
KINETIKA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI METIL ESTER DENGAN KATALIS CaO/ ABU TERBANG BATUBARA Fiyansah, Toni Okta; Fadarina; Aznury, Martha
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): KINETIKA 01112021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Catalyst CaO from snakehead fishbone with supported by fly ash has advantages for the transesterification reaction process, which include active heterogeneous base properties, low solubility, good mechanical strength, and reusability. This study aims to determine the best catalyst that has the optimum impregnation time and mass of CaO in terms of the transesterification reaction of palm oil into methyl esters. The study includes: prediction of the mechanism according to the experimental data, through the effect of impregnation time and the added mass of CaO on changes in the reaction rate that occur, and the formulation of the final equation for the optimum reaction rate of the catalyst. Prediction of the mechanism that occurs follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism, where the reactant adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst is methanol and reacts with triglycerides (palm oil) to produce methyl esters and glycerol. The results of the study indicate that the greater the impregnation temperature and the added mass of CaO, the greater the rate value. The results showed that the optimum catalyst had an impregnation temperature of 80ºC and a mass of CaO 100 grams, with a reaction time of 120 minutes to produce a yield of 98.55%, and a reaction rate of 4.44×10-6 mol/gramcat.
DEGRADASI ZAT WARNA RHODAMIN B MENGGUNAKAN SINTESIS FOTOKATALIS ZnO/NiFe2O4 DAN DIAPLIKASIKAN PADA Mawarni, Tri; H.C, Fadarina; Aznury, Martha; Taufik, Muhammad
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): KINETIKA 01112021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

ZnO/NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method and were calcied at 500 0C for 5 h. The Composites synthesis within ratios of zinc oxide to nickel ferrite of 1:0,1, 2:0,1 and 3:0,1. The adsorption and photocatalytic activity of The removal of ZnO/NiFe2O4 were systematically investigated using Rhodamine B and waste water pulp and paper indsutry solution as a model contaminant. Rhodamine B (10 mg/L) and waste water pulp and paper indsutry solution by ZnO/NiFe2O4 (2:0.1) after 2 h reached 98,71% under LED lamp and 91,85% under solar light irradiation for Rh, and after 3 h reached 28,03% under LED lamp for lignin . •OH and h+ play important roles in the decolorization of RhB solution by NiFe2O4/ZnO under simulated LED lamp and solar light irradiation. The adsorption kinetics pattern under conditions of LED lamp and sunlight follows first order kinetic adsorptions.
Review Artikel GEL PENGONTROL PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA SPONTAN SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN KEBAKARAN Krysthin, Venny
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): KINETIKA 01112021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Spontaneous combustion is a self-combustion process which is caused by self-heating due to an increase in temperature by an exothermic internal reaction. Heating itself rapidly will accelerate the rise in high temperatures, until finally self-ignition occurs. As we know that spontaneous combustion of coal is a bit dangerous if we couldn’t control it. A new type of mining fire-extinguishing material designed to prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal is presented. Through the graft copolymerization of corn straw, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and acrylic acid (AA), a corn straw-co-AMPS-co-AA hydrogel was synthesized. A chemical foaming agent was then added to the hydrogel, resulting in a self-foaming gel, which was subsequently mixed with expandable graphite to create an intelligent gel. The intelligent gel exhibited uniform self-foaming when a foaming agent was used. When the water component of the gel had completely evaporated, the gel expanded a second time, with the best results obtained when 10% of expandable graphite was added. The fire-extinguishing performance of the intelligent gel was found to be superior to those of the other gels, as it prevented re-ignition. Thus, this gel is an ideal fire prevention and control material, especially for controlling the spontaneous combustion of coal.
Review Artikel KATALIS KALSIUM OKSIDA (CaO) BERBASIS BIO UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL Prasetyo, Dimas Gunawan
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): KINETIKA 01112021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The cost of biodiesel production itself is influenced by the basic ingredients for processing and also from the system used. The use of calcium oxide catalyst is intended because it has a good chance of the efficiency and effectiveness of the material that can be easily obtained in each region. Calcium oxide catalyst from waste also has an equal or even approaching chance of commercial calcium oxide. This review will show methods and discussion of the handling of the transesterification process in biodiesel with a mixture of methanol and catalyst that has been tested and the results of the different processes of each biodiesel. The performance of the process can be determined from the process to the reaction performance of the catalyst such as setting the number of catalysts used, the speed of stirring the mixture, the ratio of methanol to oil and the temperature and time of reaction. In order to obtain more economic value, the process of reusing the catalyst which has been reacted in the initial transesterification process can be carried out. The reuse of the catalyst for the next process can be carried out stably for 3 times of repeated use with the yields that are not far from the initial process.
D DEGRADATION OF TSS AND TDS IN LEMATANG RIVER WATER USING PALM OIL SHELLS (Elaeis Oleifera) AS A FILTRATION MEDIUM: DEGRADATION OF TSS AND TDS IN LEMATANG RIVER WATER USING PALM OIL SHELLS (Elaeis Oleifera) AS A FILTRATION MEDIUM Melati Ireng Sari
KINETIKA Vol. 13 No. 01 (2022): KINETIKA 01032022
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Palm Oil Shells (Elaeis Oleifera) is a waste from the remaining fragments of palm oil shells. The waste is made into activated carbon in two stages such as carbonization and activation using HCl. The activated carbon can reduce impurities and metals in the Lematang river water with the parameters of TSS (Total Suspended Solid) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solid). The results of the analysis showed a decrease in the levels of TSS and TDS in the raw water of the Lematang river. In the TSS test the results obtained were 0.5 grams of activated carbon of 14,402 mg/L, for 1 gram of 16,210 mg/L, and for 1.5 grams of 20,041 mg/L. Meanwhile, the TDS test yielded 68 mg/L for 0.5 grams, 77 mg/L for 1 gram and 83 mg/L for 1.5 grams of activated carbon. So that the best adsorption occurs with the use of 0.5 grams activated carbon. Keywords : Activated Carbon, TSS, TDS, Palm Oil Shells
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Gliserol Terhadap Densitas Produk Pada Alat Stripping Steam Dengan Tipe Rasching Ring Packing: Pengaruh Konsentrasi Gliserol Terhadap Densitas Produk Pada Alat Stripping Steam Dengan Tipe Rasching Ring Packing Indah Agus Setiorini; Agusdin; Muhammad Muslim
KINETIKA Vol. 13 No. 01 (2022): KINETIKA 01032022
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Stripper is a separation process between a mixture of two liquid phase substances by using a gas phase substance as a separator. In this case, glycerol and H2O are used as a mixture and steam is used as a separating agent with the aim of removing the H2O content contained in the glycerol. In the separation process, variable variations are used in the form of concentrations of glycerol and H2O, respectively, concentrations of 70 %, 80 %, and 90 % against a predetermined temperature and pressure of 140oC and 45 Psi, with the aim of knowing what the glycerol and H2O concentrations are in the separation process. can work optimally. The process that occurs is a separation process based on boiling point, where water which has a lower boiling point of 100oC will be separated from glycerol with the help of steam with a temperature of 140oC. At a variable concentration of 70 % glycerol feed with a predetermined temperature and pressure, the data obtained is that the product still contains 4 % water in the glycerol product, the results of the process still do not meet the desired product conditions, namely 99.5 %. On the other hand, with a variable concentration of 90 % glycerol, this product only contains 1 % H2O, it can be concluded that the concentration of feed glycerol on H2O is very influential in the process of eliminating H2O levels in glycerol, because the higher the concentration of glycerol on H2O the work of steam in binding H2O is lighter so that steam can strip the H2O content in the feed more maximally.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SELULOSA ASETAT DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOPLASTIK muhammad faizal; Jaksen M Amin; Fadarina HC
KINETIKA Vol. 13 No. 02 (2022): KINETIKA 01072022
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate from cellulose of empty fruit bunches (EFB) have been carried out using the Celanese method, namely glacial acetic acid as swelling agent and acetic anhydride as acetylating agent. The research was carried out through the preparation of raw materials, cellulose extraction and synthesis of cellulose acetate from -cellulose of empty fruit bunches. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in solvent concentration on yield, acetyl content, degree of substitution and moisture content of cellulose acetate and to obtain the characteristics of cellulose that are suitable for application as raw material for making bioplastics. The concentration variations of the solvent used were (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) % wt/v, with -cellulose ratio: glacial acetate (1:10), -cellulose ratio : acetic anhydride (1:5), acetylation time 1.5 hours, acetylation temperature 40°C and stirring speed 200 Rpm. The results showed that the cellulose acetate obtained from the synthesis has characteristics such as cellulose monoacetate and cellulose diacetate with solid form in the form of a powder, white in color and odorless. The best characteristic of cellulose acetate has a yield product of 75%, acetyl content of 36.927%, degree of substitution (DS) 2.22, and water content of 5.75%.

Page 19 of 22 | Total Record : 214

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