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INDONESIA
Kinetika
Published by Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
ISSN : 16939050     EISSN : 26231417     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan merupakan hasil-hasil riset/penelitian dalam bidang Teknik Kimia, Bioteknologi, Energi dan Lingkungan, Agroindustri dan pangan, serta Petrokimia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 214 Documents
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PEMBUATAN KATALIS BERBASIS KARBON AKTIF DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA (Cocos nucifera) DIIMPREGNASI KOH PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI SINTESIS BIODIESEL Zamhari, Mustain; Junaidi, Robert; Rachmatika, Nisa; Oktarina, Ayu
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): KINETIKA 01032021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The Research has been carried out on KOH catalyst/activated carbon as a heterogeneous base catalyst with the impregnation method to be applied in making biodiesel from used cooking oil. Activated carbon from coconut shell carbonized in a furnace at 500oC for 4 hours. After that, activated carbon was impregnated in a KOH solution with a concentration of 1 N, 2N, 3 N, 4 N, and 5 N for 18,21 and 24 hours. Catalyst is analyzed with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) to see the content of potassium absorbed in the activated carbon. Analyzed SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) to see the characteristics of the catalyst that has been produced. Best condition which produced the catalyst with the highest potassium content after impregnation is 97.00% was obtained at a concentration of 5 N KOH with an impregnation time of 21 hours. Making biodiesel, variations of catalyst 1,3, and 5% are carried out with a reaction temperature of 45,55,65,75oC,cooking oil:methanol ratio of 1:6. The best biodiesel is obtained from a catalyst 3% at 55oC with a yield of 87.72%. Characteriszation of methyl ester product fulfill standart of biodiesel viscosity 4.7622 gr/ml, denistas 0.8709 gr/ml, acid number 1.4027 mgKOH/g, water content 0.0266%, flash point 176oC.
UNJUK KERJA PROSES PIROLISIS KATALITIK LIMBAH BAN BEKAS MENJADI BAHAN BAKAR CAIR DITINJAU DARI JUMLAH KATALIS, VARIASI TEMPERATUR, DAN WAKTU OPERASI Effendy, Sahrul; Rusnadi, Irawan; ., Fatria; Amin, Jaksen M.; Aina, Nur; Rossa, Briliantina; Waltin, Muhammad
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): KINETIKA 01032021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Indonesia's domestic rubber consumption is largely absorbed by the manufacturing industry, especially the automotive industry. The more production of vehicle, the more people will produce tires. As a result, the waste of tires in the environment is increasing. One of the alternatives to reduce the amount of tires waste is produce it become liquid fuel by catalytic pyrolysis method. The purpose of this research is to analyze percent yield liquid product and to obtain characteristics of liquid fuel observed by the number of catalyst, variation of temperature, and operation time. The result shown that the optimum temperature is 400oC using 10% NZ catalyst with product yield of 13.0284%. The optimum NZ catalyst is 2% at 300oC with product yield of 5.7946%. Also the optimum time operation is 180 minutes using 10% NZ catalyst with product yield of 9.7965%. The liquid fuel oil spesifications obtain diesel oil by testing density, viscosity, and flash point. The liquid fuel also analyzed by the GC-MS method, and it can be concluded that the liquid fuel of tires waste is mixture of gasoline (C8-C12) and diesel (C13-C20).
imulasi Prototype Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro Turbin Crossflow Ditinjau dari Ketinggian, Debit dan Arah Aliran Ridwan, K.A; Lestari, Sutini Pujiastuti; Rusnadi, Irawan; ., Erlinawati; Rahayu, Atika; Mahendra, Evando; Pratama, Wahyudi
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): KINETIKA 01032021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The energy crisis prompted the Indonesian government to change the paradigm towards new and renewable energy, from alternative energy to main energy. In order to overcome the electrical energy crisis, then conducted research on new and renewable energy. Utilization of microhydro based energy generation into one solution to be applied in effort to overcome this crisis. Microhydro power plant (PLTMH) is carried out by utilizing flow velocity (river flow) or head potential (waterfall) with water turbine connected to a generator so that it can convert mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy. Type of turbine used is crossflow turbine. This simulation is by varying the head potential (1.6 m, 1.8m, 2 m, 2.2 m, 2.4 m) and the direction of flow (horizontal overshoot, vertical overshoot, and undershoot) generated electrical energy. Based on the research results, the optimal flow direction horizontal overshoot flow which produces flow discharge 20 liter/min, the electrical energy 16 watt, and at height of 2.4 meters and the electrical energy15.3 watt.
PEMBUATAN TEPUNG SERAT TINGGI DARI AMPAS KELAPA (COCOS NUCIFERA) DENGAN METODE PENGERINGAN BEKU VAKUM Purnamasari, Indah; Zamhari, Mustain; Putri, Shania
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): KINETIKA 01032021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Coconut plants are multipurpose plants that have high economic value. Coconut tree is often referred as the tree of life because almost all parts of the tree, roots, stems, leaves and fruit can be used for the needs of everyday human life. Coconut dregs are a by-product of making coconut milk. In the past, coconut dregs were only used as animal feed and tempe bongkrek, whereas with a relatively small capital it can be processed into other products such as flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the best temperature for making coconut dregs flour using the Vacuum Freeze Drying method. This drying process is carried out with several temperature variations, which is -8 °C, -10 °C, -12 °C, -14 °C and variations in the weight of 100 and 200 gram of coconut dregs, as well as fixed variables using primary drying time of 6 hours, secondary drying 4 hours at a temperature of 50°C, and using a vacuum pressure of 70 cmHg. In determining the quality of coconut dregs based on the nutritional content of crude fiber, protein, fat and water that’s contained in the product, through the analysis with Kjedahl and Soxhlet methods.
OPTIMASI FORMULA PEMBUATAN SABUN PADAT ANTISEPTIK ALAMI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle L) Aznury, Martha; Hajar, ibnu; Serlina, Ayu
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): KINETIKA 01032021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Green betel leaf (Piper betle L) is a natural antiseptic with phenol (carvacrol) and phenylpropane (eugenol and kavikol) which functions as an antiseptic (very strong bactericide and fungicide). phenol which is a toxic compound resulting in disrupted three-dimensional protein structure causing damage to the bacterial cell wall. So that soap containing natural antiseptic from betel leaf can kill bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of green betel leaf and to obtain the best formulation of natural antiseptic solid soap with the addition of green betel leaf extract. The composition of the oils used in making solid soap is palm oil, coconut oil and olive oil. Tests carried out on solid soap include pH test, water content test, free fatty acid content, free alkaline content, and mineral oil based on SNI 06-3532-1994 as well as testing for many bacteria. Based on the analysis, it is known that the soap formula with the best oil composition variations is the composition of palm oil, coconut oil and olive oil with a ratio of 1: 2: 2 and the addition of green betel leaf extract as a natural antiseptic is 3gr.
EFEKTIVITAS WASTE TEA LEAVES (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) SEBAGAI BIO ADSORBEN PENYERAP LOGAM FE DAN PB DI SUNGAI MUSI PALEMBANG Ayu, Selia Putri; Taufik, Muhammad
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): KINETIKA 01032021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The Musi River is the main water source for the people of Palembang City which is utilized in various sectors such as fisheries, industry, transportation, and housing. These activities resulted in a decrease in the physical and chemical quality of the Musi River water which was marked by an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in it. Some of the polluting metals found in the water content of the Musi River are Fe and Pb. To reduce the levels of Fe and Pb, efforts are needed to bind them so that they are not mixed with river water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of tea waste as a bio adsorbent and to determine the level of metal reduction. The method used in this research is adsorption which is considered as a simple, effective, and can use adsorbents from unused materials. The adsorbent used was tea dregs waste with variations in the mass differences of the adsorbent of 0.25 grams, 0.50 grams and 0.75 grams and the contact time was 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes. The research began with reducing the size of the tea dregs to 80 mesh, then chemical activation with 0.1 N HCl solution for ± 24 hours. Furthermore, the adsorption process was carried out by contacting the adsorbent with the Musi River water sample based on the difference in time and adsorbent mass. The concentration of the adsorption solution was then analyzed using AAS. Based on the test results, the highest absorption of Fe that can be produced from tea dregs adsorbent is 80.78% in the adsorbent mass of 0.75 grams with a contact time of 15 minutes, while the highest absorption of Pb that can be produced from tea waste adsorbent is 93.75% in mass. adsorbent 0.75 grams with a turning time of 15 minutes.
PENGUJIAN BERBAGAI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK AIR ROSELLA SECARA IN VITRO (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.) Malinda, Okta; Syakdani, Adi
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): KINETIKA 01032021
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Abstract

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a plant that is often found in various countries and one of them is in Indonesia. The purpose of this review is to find out more about the activity of rosella water extract by testing in vitro. Roselle water extract is more commonly used compared to ethanol roselle extract. The activity of roselle water extract that has been found by in vitro testing is neuroprotective, antioxidant, antidiabetic, melanoma inhibitor, antibacterial, antihypertensi immune response, adipogenesis inhibitor, apoptosis inhibitor and modulation of MCP-1 production.
ANALISIS SISTEM TERMAL DITINJAU DARI PENGARUH RASIO UDARA BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR TERHADAP PRODUKSI SATURATED DAN SUPERHEATED STEAM PADA BOILER Tahdid; Fatria; K.A. Ridwan; Salisa Fikamalati; Zenia Zal Putri
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): KINETIKA 01072021
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Abstract

Boiler is a closed vessel used to produce steam. Steam is obtained from heating, whose source comes from the combustion of fuel in furnace. A Cross Section Double Drum Water Tube has two drums (double drum) which are placed crosswise to the heat source and tube is installed in the opposite direction to the drum, then positioned at 65o slope to reduce the force of gravity and to accelerate the evaporation process of water molecules. The fuel used in this research used diesel fuel with air to fuel ratio as a changing (dependent) variable, while 15 liters of fuel and 75 kg of boiler feed water were fixed (independent) variables. The air to fuel ratio used ranged from excess 6% to excess 22%. The calculation results showed that the furnace efficiency saturated and superheated in water tube boiler cross section tool was 69.74% and 69.25% at air to fuel ratio of excess 18% with the saturated and superheated steam pressure had reached the optimum pressure of 5 bar and the convection heat loss was obtained from furnace surface as much as 8.12% and 7.01%.
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN SERAT DARI SERAT SABUT KELAPA DAN PLASTIK POLIPROPILENA DAUR ULANG Syahdilla Fadel Muhammad; Abu Hasan; Fadarina
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): KINETIKA 01072021
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Abstract

The use of wood as industrial raw material has increased every year, while the availability of wood has decreased. Besides that, the increase in plastic waste is also a big problem. By making fiberboard from coconut coir fiber and recycled polypropylene plastic, it is hoped that it can increase the added value of coconut coir so that it can become a substitute material to replace the increasingly limited use of wood and also as a way to minimize polypropylene plastic waste in the environment. Based on the test results, the best fiberboard is a fiber board with a random arrangement of fibers with a pressing time of 60 minutes with a moisture content value of 1.18%, a density value of 0.48%, a water absorption value of 4.14%, a thick swelling value. amounted to 4.52%, the MOE value was 4050.80 kg/cm3, and the MOR value was 242 kg/cm3. Overall, the random fiber arrangement fiberboard with a pressing time of 60 minutes has met the SNI 03-2105-2006 standard, but only the MOE value has not met the standar
VARIASI JUMLAH DAN JENIS KATALIS PADA PRODUKSI BAHAN BAKAR CAIR DARI LEMAK SAPI MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR BATCH Sutini Pujiastuti Lestari; Irawan Rusnadi1; Sahrul Effendy A; Arizal Aswan; Abdul Qosim Al Junaidi; Adella Rahmawati; Reviana Herezky Ningsih
KINETIKA Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): KINETIKA 01072021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

As we know, growing energy needs are not comparable with the growing availability of fuel thinning day. Therefore it is necessary for an investigation to obtain alternative source of renewable energy by utilizing animal waste such as animal fat. Utilization of beef fat potential when processed into a fuel because it can reduces the environmental impact caused by NOx emmision. In this research the fuel is made of beef tallow using a batch reactor. The aim of this research was to obtain liquid fuel in accordance Indonesian standard and determine the effect of catalyst variations and its amount. Liquid fuel was made through several stages of preparation such as raw materials, the catalysts, catalytic cracking and also final analysis,diesel product. The result of this research that the density obtained is 0,83 – 0,89 gr/ml, viscosity 2,72 – 4,92 cSt, and flash point 47,8 – 63,5 °C.

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