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Kinetika
Published by Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
ISSN : 16939050     EISSN : 26231417     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan merupakan hasil-hasil riset/penelitian dalam bidang Teknik Kimia, Bioteknologi, Energi dan Lingkungan, Agroindustri dan pangan, serta Petrokimia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 214 Documents
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PROTOTYPE STEAM POWER PLANT (ANALISIS HEAT LOSS PADA UNIT BOILER FURNACE DAN SUPERHEATER) Difa Putri Utami, Ayu; ., Zurohaina; Aswan, Arizal
KINETIKA Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): KINETIKA 01032016
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The purpose of this experiment is to find a formula prototype steam power plant to find a solution to the crisis of electricity in rural areas. Has conducted a study to determine heat loss at for incineration in furnaces and boiler super heater unit. The fuel used is diesel and LPG fuel with a mass of different - different. The results obtained from the calculation of the importance of the loss of heat radiation in the boiler furnace of 5.6%, 2.66% convection heat loss and heat conduction loss amounted to 5.73%, on the theory that it should heat loss should not be more than 1%. Heat loss occurring in the steam power plant prototype unit is still quite large when viewed from PLTGU PLN Keramasan sector with a heat loss in radiasi, conduction and convection. Heat loss can be mitigated in several ways one of them is a good insulator technique using cement or asbestos in accordance with the value of conductivity that need and can be determined from the results of the design calculations.
THE ADSORBSI CUPER (II) BY SULFONATED SAWDUST Ridwan, K.A.; Husaini, A.; Nurimansyah, M.
KINETIKA Vol 3, No 3 (2012): KINETIKA 01112012
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The existence of heavy metals is one of the major problems in the world. Increasing concentration of heavy metals because toxic in the soil, air, and water. Many methods have been developed to decrease concentration of heavy metals from water, for example by precipitation, evaporation, electrochemical and resin?s consumption. However, the method is not effective because it requires high cost to operate. Therefore, the research for that materials are cheap and available. Biomaterial is one of the are used to reduce heavy metals from water (biosorption), for example sawdust. In this research, sawdust that used as adsorbent ion copper (II) must be modified by adding a sulfonate group by sulfonation process. The parameters tested are the activation time (sulfonation) and contact time. The optimum conditions of adsorption of Copper (II) by sulfonated sawdust in a single solution occurred at the sulfonation time 120 minutes and adsorption?s contact time 60 minutes, the efficiency adsorption is 99.27%. From that conditions, the sulfonated sawdust is tested on the adsorption of Copper (II) in electroplating wastewater. The efficiency adsorption of Copper (II) in electroplating wastewater is  39.03%. This is occured because of the competition uptake?s metals in the electroplating wastewater.
ANALISIS EKSERGI PADA UNIT DISTILASI ATMOSFERIK DAN VAKUM MINYAK BUMI Zikri, Ahmad
KINETIKA Vol. 5 No. 1 (2014): KINETIKA 01032014
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The atmospheric and vacuum distillations are the first plant in a crude oil refinery, in which several intermediate product  are  obtained  through  distillation of  the  crude  oil  mixture.  To  increase  the  thermodynamic  efficiency,  we need  to  use  both  the  temperature-enthalpy  and  exergy  losses  together.  It  is  important  to  determine  the  exergy losses profiles and to analyze the distribution losses in all stage of distillation column. Aspen Plus software is used as  assistance  to simulate  changes  in  the  given  circumstances.  The  results  of  the  exergy  and  exergoeconomic analyses  are  presented  in  this  paper.  The  important  unit  in  this  analysis  are  distillation  column  operating conditions,  crude  heating  furnace,  and  supporting  Heat  Exchanger.  In  this  study,  atmospheric  and  vacuum distillation  columns  at  refineries  UP-III-Plaju  Indonesia  become  the  case  study.  The proposed  method  is  to condition  the  feed  temperature  limits  vary  with  the  quality  of  the  resulting  products  were  unchanged.  The  fuel requirement  would  be  decreased,  as  well  as  the  temperature  which  is  result  by  crude  heating  furnace.  In atmospheric distillation column, about 0.6 % (0.25 T/D) and 20.8 % (8.9 T/D) for vacuum distillation is direct fuel can be derived. With this analysis we can save operating cost approximately 1.4 million U.S. $ per year.
Prototype Performance Of Microhydro Power Plant Is Viewed From The Shape Of The Waterwheel Blades To The Generated Electrical Energy Pujiastuti, Sutini
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017): KINETIKA 01032017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

In order to overcome the electrical energy crisis, has done a lot of research on the utilization of new renewable energy, one of which is water energy. Currently the utilization of water as a power plant becomes one of the researches that continue to be developed because of its abundant potential. In this study, a prototype simulation of Powerhouses of Microhydro Power. The prototype of PLTMH wants to know the influence of the shape of the spindle blades in generating electrical energy. The research methods are literature study and laboratory-scale design study. The procedure is carried out with fixed variable that is, the direction of the pusher water, the nozzle opening whereas the variable is not fixed that is the shape of the spindle blade (flat plate blade or bowl blade). Based on the results of research that has been done there is the influence of the form of the wind turbine blades in producing electrical energy is a flat plate flat blade is better to produce electrical energy than bowl blade. On a flat plate blade flat the water flow rate of 1 - 25.3 Liter/min has not produced electrical energy, the flow rate of 25.4 - 31.9 Liter/min can produce electrical energy with the largest electrical energy generated at 140 watts. While the bowl blades plate flow rate of 1 - 25.1 L / m can not produce electricity, the flow rate of 25.2 - 31.8 Liter/min can produce electricity with the largest electrical energy generated by 111 watts.
Biogas Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Pada Steam Power Plant (Pengaruh Laju Alir Recycle Air Lindih Terhadap Komposisi dan Rendemen Biogas) Aprizal, Candra
KINETIKA Vol 1, No 1 (2013): TEKNIK ENERGI 01012013
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Bio-reactor landfill digunakan untuk mempercepat proses produksi biogas dari sampah organik pasar. Landfill ini bertujuan mempercepat proses degradasi sampah pada bioreaktor dengan proses recycle air lindih, hal ini akan meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas biogas. Bahan baku yang digunakan berupa sampah organik, air dan bakteri methanobacterium. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh recycle air lindih terhadap kualitas biogas yang dihasilkan dengan parameter pH dan temperatur. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 15 hari dengan kapasitas 1 ton sampah organik dan variabel recycle air lindih 10 lt/m, 20 lt/m, dan 30 lt/m. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai konsentrasi CH4 sebesar 64.78 % , nilai Low Heating Value 7825.25 kkal/kg dan rendemen 1.259 % pada recycle 10 lt/m, sedangkan pada recycle 30 lt/m konsentrasi CH4 sebesar 50.4 %, nilai low heating value 5746.67 kkal/kg dan rendemen 0.6440 % dan hasil optimum produksi gas CH4dengan konsentrasi 70.76 %, nilai low heating value 8800.85 kkal/kg dan rendemen 1.385 %  pada recycle 20 lt/m.
EFFECT OF GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE ON PRODUCTION POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES BY Ralstonia eutropha JMP 134 AS BATCH FERMENTATION Aznury, Martha
KINETIKA Vol 4, No 2 (2013): KINETIKA 01072013
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Polyhydroxyalknoate (PHA) is a bioplastic from the group of polyester with physicochemical properties similar to polypropylene plastic from petroleum. This research aims to study the effect of glucose and fructose on PHA fermentation process performed by using Ralstonia eutropha JMP 134 in a batch bioreactor. Dynamics of PHA production  from carbon sources glucose or fructose, as well as the influence of volatile fatty acids as a prekursor were studied in this research.  Fermentation operating condition using bioreactor 10 L maintained at a temperature of 30oC and pH of 7.  The concentration of carbon source used was 40 g/L, and after 20th hours of  fermentation added volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that serves as a prekursor in the production of PHA. Aerobic fermentation of Ralstonia eutropha JMP 134 with the substrate glucose and fructose using synthetic VFAs produce PHA content of each were 0.21 and 0.33 g PHA/g dry cell weight (DCW). The percentage composition PHA of glucose or fructose with synthetic ALV are 8.71% or 11.78% HV, respectively. So Ralstonia eutropha JMP 134 fermentation using fructose substrate provides a higher PHA content than using glucose substrate.
KUALITAS FISIKA DAN KIMIA AIR WADUK BATUTEGI LAMPUNG Ali, Muhammad
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 2 (2017): KINETIKA 01072017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Waduk Batutegi Lampung merupakan bendungan terbesar se-Asia Tenggara dan kegiatan perikanan tangkap telah terjadi sejak bendungan dioperasikan. Di sekitar waduk Batutegi Lampung banyak lahan pertanian dan perkebunan, pemukiman, disamping itu usaha budidaya ikan pada keramba jaring apung berkembang pesat sehingga membawa dampak tekanan ekosistem perairan waduk, untuk itu perlu dilakukan kajian tentang kualitas air perairan waduk Batutegi Lampung. Penelitian mengenai Fisika Kimia Perairan di Waduk Batutegi Lampung bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi parameter fisika kimia perairan, parameter fisika kimia yang di ukur adalah suhu air, DHL (Daya Hantar Listrik), kecerahan, TSS, pH, DO, NO2, NO3, NH3 dan total posfor. Penelitian dilakukan di Inlet (inlet muara way Sengarus, inlet muara way Sekampung, dan inlet muara way Rilau), St.Tengah (Gunung Batu), St. Curug Teras (di atasnya ada aktivitas tambang emas rakyat), dan Stasiun di sekitar outlet (Teras Boom). Hasil pengukuran DHL di perairan waduk Batutegi berkisar antara 44,7 – 60,8 μmhos/cm dengan rata-rata 48,075 μmhos/cm. Berdasarkan pengamatan pada bulan Februari tahun 2017, oksigen terlarut (DO) waduk Batutegi berkisar antara 5,2 hingga 6,88 mg/l. rata-rata 6,10 mg/l. Nilai kesadahan perairan waduk Batutegi selama penelitian berkisar 19,02 – 96,1 mg/Liter CaCO3, dengan rata-rata 39,54 mg/Liter CaCO3. Kekeruhan atau turbidity perairan waduk Batutegi berkisar antara 0,71 – 3,06 NTU dengan rata-rata 1,375 NTU. Hasil pengukuran TSS pada bulan Februari 2017 berkisar 2,0 – 12,33 mg/L, rata-rata 3,611 mg/L. Derajat keasaman (pH) perairan waduk Batutegi berkisar antara 6,19 – 7,32 dengan nilai rata-rata 6,698 hal ini menunjukkan pH perairan waduk Batutegi antar waktu pengamatan dan titik sampling tidak terlalu berfluktuasi. Berdasarkan konsentrasi fosfat, perairan yang mengandung fosfat kurang 1 g/l disebut perairan oligotrofik (miskin hara) dan apabila lebih dari 1 g/l termasuk perairan hipereutrofik (sangat kaya hara). Konsentrasi total fosfor (TP) di waduk Batutegi berkisar antara 74,9 – 906,0 μg/l dan rata-ratanya 291,0 μg/l. Konsentrasi nitrat (NO3) di waduk Batutegi berkisar antara 0,012 – 0,727 mg/l dan rata-ratanya 0,381. Hasil pengukuran parameter fisika dan kimia kualitas air menunjukkan hasil yang normal dan baik untuk kehidupan ikan.
Karakteristik Briket Biocoal dengan Penambahan Sekam Padi dan Wax Meidinariasty, Anerasari; ST.,M.T., Tahdid; Dewi, Retno Monnica
KINETIKA Vol. 1 No. 1 (2011): KINETIKA 01032011
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Biocoal made by mixing Sub-Bituminous Tanjung Enim coal with rice skin biomass to make biocoal briquette that will have calorific value suitable for domestic consumption and also have a quicker initial burning time that has been a problem in applying briquette.  The rice skin biomass was mixed in 10 gram – 50 gram compositions with 1 gram – 5 gram variations of wax to a fixed weight of 100 gram coal.  The size of coal was also studied, which was 50 mesh, 70 mesh, 140 mesh and 220 mesh.  The result shown that all briquettes had calorific values (5014 – 5891 cal/gram) that are in range of biocoal standard (5500 – 6000cal/gram)with a quicker initial burning time (2:35 – 16:58 minutes).  The sulphur content was reduced because of biomass added (0,21% – 0,31%; standard <0,5 %).  The tensile stress test result was 52 - 77 kgF/cm2 (standard >60 kgF/cm2).  The inherent moisture (%IM) was in range 3,69% – 7,46% (standard <5%);  %ash was 13,71% – 17,55% (standard 14 – 18 %); % volatile 13,17% – 23,76% (standard 20 -24%) and % fixed carbon was 57,16% – 61,82% (standard 54 – 60 %). Mixing coal with riceskin biomass and wax produce biocoal that  have a suitable calorific value and quicke initial burning time. The best composition was 100 gram coal : 30 gram biomass : 3 gram wax, the finer the particle size the quicker the initial burning time.
THE INFLUENCE OF INCUBATION TEMPERATURE AND TYPE YEAST IN MAKING BIOETHANOL FROM BANANA SKIN WASTE Febriana, Ida
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 3 (2017): KINETIKA 01112017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

As we know, the current energy demand is not proportional to the increasing availability of fuel thinning. Therefore we need a research to get alternative source of renewable energy by utilizing biomass waste like banana peel. In this study is to use banana skin waste in the industrial area of banana processing that has been taken the meat, and the skin is left to rot and become organic fertilizer. The purpose of this research is how the influence of incubation temperature and yeast type on variation of banana skin type to bioethanol content. The research method is by hydrolysis of starch, fermentation, and analysis of bioethanol yield using gas chromatography (GC-FID (Flame Ionization Detector)), shimadzu, Kyoto, 2010). Based on the result of the research, it can be seen that the sample of banana leaf waste (musa balbisiana) produce the most bioethanol with yeast bread type at incubation temperature 30ËšC that is 0,5854%, then banana kepok (paradisiaca L) and king banana leather ( musa sapientum) with each bioethanol content of 0.4587% and 0.4173%
EFFECT OF ADDITION CATALYST SULFATE ACID AND SOLVENTS (CH3OH) BIODIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESS OF SEEDS NYAMPLUNG (CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM) S.T., M.T., Hilwatullisan
KINETIKA Vol 3, No 3 (2012): KINETIKA 01112012
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Biodiesel is made by taking the oil from the seeds by pressing nyamplung then processed through two stages of esterification and transesterification of the oil with solvent ratio between 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:6 and added catalyst H2SO4 at process of esterification and transesterification catalyst NaOH in the process. In the process of varying the acid catalyst esterification 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7% and 0.8% of the seed oil nyamplung. Operating condition is maintained at a temperature of 70 ° C, process time of 60 minutes with a time separation of 3 hours. Biodiesel products that meet the Indonesian National Standard is the composition ratio nyamplung seed oil and methanol is 1:1, the catalyst is used as much as 0.5%  with an analysis of the quality of the density of 0.8870 g / ml, pH 7.30, level water 0.0616%, 1.3387 refractive index, 3.7480 cSt viscosity, Flash Point 56oC, calorific value of 9001 cal / g and 48.03 Cetane number.

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