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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011" : 7 Documents clear
KARAKTERISASI SIFAT MORFOLOGI DAN PENYEBARAN KAYU AKWAY (Drymis sp.) DI PAPUA BARAT SYAKIR, M.; BERMAWIE, N.; AGUSTA, H.; PAISEY, E.N.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.169-173

Abstract

ABSTRAKKayu akway merupakan tumbuhan obat yang banyak digunakanoleh masyarakat suku Arfak di Papua Barat. Tanaman ini digunakansebagai obat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan seksual dan stamina untukberaktivitas. Penelitian mengenai karakter morfologi dan penyebarantanaman akway telah dilakukan di Distrik Menyambouw, Manokwari padaketinggian 1.200, 1.600, 2.000, dan 2.400 m dml sejak bulan Septembersampai November 2007. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah petaktunggal berdasarkan fase pertumbuhan yang ditentukan secara purposifdibuat sebanyak 3 petak sehingga setiap ketinggian diperoleh 12 petakpercobaan dimana masing-masing petak diambil 3 sampel untuk masing-masing spesies yang ditemukan. Hasil identifikasi morfologi dari sampeltanaman yang ada ditemukan tiga jenis kayu akway pada berbagaiketinggian, yaitu : kayu akway putih (Drymis winterii), merah besar(Drymis piperita), dan merah kecil (Drymis beccariana). Perbedaanmorfologi dari ketiga spesies ditunjukkan oleh pepagan bagian luar, arahtumbuh batang, model aksitektur, warna pucuk, warna daun, susunan daun,bentuk helaian daun, dan tepi daun. Hasil analisis fitokomia dari ekstrakdaun, kulit batang, dan akar dari ketiga spesies kayu akway terbuktimengandung senyawa afrodisiak seperti : saponin, alkaloid, dan steroid.Populasi tanaman kayu akway putih jumlahnya meningkat pada ketinggianyang bertambah tinggi, kayu akway merah besar populasinya relatif samauntuk setiap ketinggian yang berubah, sedangkan kayu akway merah kecilsemakin tinggi elevasi tanaman semakin banyak jumlahnya. Hasilidentifikasi tipe tanah dan iklim tempat tumbuh ketiga spesies kayu akwayini ternyata mengandung C organic 3,95%, N total 0,34% dan phosphor13,10 ppm, serta tumbuh di dataran tinggi dengan suhu udara rata-rata18,5ºC, kelembapan 70% dan intensitas matahari 898 candle.Kata kunci : Drymis sp., karakterisasi, morfologi, penyebaranABSTRACTMorphology Characterization and Spread of Drymis sp.In West PapuaDrymis sp. is one of the medicinal plants used in Arfak ethnic inMenyambouw, Manokwari Papua Barat. Part of the plant extract (root,leaf, bark and trunk) used to increase stamina for their activity. This studyconducted to find out the morphology characters and spread of Drymis sp.in different elevation e.q. 1,200, 1,600, 2,000 and 2,400 m above sea levelfrom September to November 2007. Experimental design for this studyused compartment method based on growth phase which is determined bypurposively in every elevation 3 plots or 12 plots for 3 species in the sameelevation. In each species will be selected 3 plants for sample. Afteridentification of sample, data of morphology character will be recorded ineach species, chemical component of soil in the area of study, and locationspread from each species. The results show that 3 species of Drymis sp.found in that area e.q. Drymis winterii, Drymis piperita, and Drymisbeccariana. There were morphological differences of the species; onoutside of bark, direction of stem, tree architectures, leaf color, leaf shape,leaf formation, and leaf apex. Result of phytochemical analysis derivedfrom leaf, bark and root extract of the three species of Drymis sp. provedthat there were higher contents of saponin, alkaloid, and steroidconcentrations known as part of afrodisiak component. Soil and climate ofthis study area contained 3.95% C-organic, 0.34% total N, and 13.10 ppmphosphor. This Drymis species grew in higher altitude with airtemperature, RH, and sunlight intensity of 18.5ºC, 70%, and 898 candlerespectevely. Based on different level of altitude at 1200, 1600, 2000, and2400 m above sea level, result showed that D. winterii increased theirnumber of population compared to other species. In D. peperita, theinfluence of altitude to number of population was relatively the same. Butin D. beccariana, population decreased in higher elevation. The soil onwhich the plants grew contained 3.95% organic C, 0.34% total N, and13.10 ppm phosphor with the average air temperature of 18.5°C, relativehumidity 70%, and sunlight intensity of 898 candles.Key words : Drymis sp., charaterization, morphology, spread
PENGARUH PUPUK KISERIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KELAPA SAWIT DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAH A. KASNO; NURJAYA NURJAYA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.133-139

Abstract

ABSTRAKPerluasan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit lebih diarahkan padalahan-lahan di luar Pulau Jawa. Lahan yang tersedia bersifat marginalseperti pada tanah Ultisols dan Oxisols. Pada lahan tanah tersebut telahmengalami pencucian yang hebat karena curah hujan yang tinggi sehinggakadar hara Mg rendah. Sumber hara Mg yang banyak digunakan adalahpupuk kiserit (Mg dan S), dolomit (Ca dan Mg) dan pupuk majemuk.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari peranan pupuk kiserit terhadappertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanah. Penelitian dilakukan di kebunpembibitan Cimulang, Kabupaten Bogor (PTP. Nusantara VIII), padaFebruari – Desember 2005. Tanah yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalahUltisols dan Oxisols. Rancangan menggunakan acak kelompok, 5perlakuan, ulangan 9 kali. Satu perlakuan terdiri dari satu tanaman bibitkelapa sawit. Pupuk Mg yang digunakan adalah kiserit powder 2 Pandadan kiserit yang telah beredar di pasaran sebagai standar. Dosis pupukkiserit yang dicoba: 0; 0,5; 1,0; dan 1,5 g/tanaman. Pupuk kiserit danpupuk dasar diberikan setiap 2 minggu sekali atau 12 kali pemberian.Pemupukan pertama diberikan pada umur 1 minggu, mulai pemupukan ke-2 dosis pupuk dikalikan 2, mulai minggu ke 10 dosis pupuk dikalikan 3,dan mulai minggu ke-18 dosis pupuk dikalikan 4. Contoh tanah bulk darilapang dikeringanginkan, diayak dengan saringan 2 mm, ditimbang 20 kgdan dimasukkan ke dalam polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapemupukan kiserit pada Ultisols dapat meningkatkan tinggi, jumlah daun,diameter batang, bobot kering tanaman bibit kelapa sawit, serta mening-katkan hara Mg dalam tanah dari 1,25 menjadi 3,04 me/100 g dan kadarMg dalam tanaman menjadi 0,31 g/100 g. Pemupukan kiserit pada Oxisolsmeningkatkan tinggi, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot kering tanamanbibit kelapa sawit, serta meningkatkan hara Mg dalam tanah dari 0,28menjadi 2,36 me/100 g dan kadar Mg dalam tanaman menjadi 0,34 g/100g.Dosis optimum pupuk kiserit pada Ultisols dan Oxisols sama yaitu 0,80 g/tanaman. Pengaruh pupuk kiserit terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawitdan produktivitas tanah sama dengan kiserit yang telah beredar di pasaransebagai standar.Kata kunci: Elaeis guineensis, pupuk kiserit, status hara Mg, pertumbuhantanaman, produktivitas tanahABSTRACTThe Effect of Kieserite Fertilizer to Oil Palm Growth andSoil ProductivityThe expansion of oil palm plantation is driven to outside JavaIsland. The available lands are marginal such as Ultisols and Oxisols,where intensive bleaching occurs for the high rate of rainfall, and causesthe low content of magnesium in such land. There are three sources used toprovide the Mg nutrient, such as kieserite (Mg and S), dolomite (Ca andMg) and compound fertilizer. The objective of this experiment was tostudy the effect of kieserite fertilizer on plant growth and soil productivity.This research was conducted in the seedling plot of Cimulang Site, BogorDistrict (PTP. Nusantara VIII) in February- December 2005 on Ultisolsand Oxisols using a randomized complete block design with 5 treatmentsand 9 replicates. One oil palm seedling was planted in each treatment. Thisexperiment used kieserite powder 2 Panda to provide Mg and ordinaryKieserite as the standard. The kieserite dosages were 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5g/plant. Fertilizing the plot was done every 2 weeks, using kieserite andbasic fertilizer or fertilizing 12 times, but the first fertilization was donewhen the plants reached 1 week of age. Starting on the second fertilization,the dosage was multiplied 2 times, and starting on the 10 th week, thedosage was multiplied 3 times, and starting on 18 th week the dosage offertilizing is multiplied 4 times. Bulk soil samples were air-dried, sievedpassing 2 mm siever, and put 20 kg into polybags. The research resultshowed that kieserite fertilization on Ultisols increased plant height,number of leaves, stems (leaf midrib) diameter, dry weight of biomass, Mgnutrient content in the soil (from 1.25 to 3.04 me/100 g), and alsoincreased the plant Mg content to become 0.31 g/100 g. In addition,kieserite fertilization on Oxisols increased plant height, number of leaves,stems (leaf midrib) diameter, plant dry weight of oil palm seedling, Mgnutrient content in the soil, (from 0.28 into 2.38 me/100 g), and increasedplant Mg content into 0.34 g/100 g. The optimum kieserite fertilizingdosage on Ultisols and Oxisols was just the same, i.e. 0.80 g/plant. Theeffect of these two kinds of kieserite to the plant growth and soilproductivity was just almost the same.Key words: Elaeis guineensis, kieserite fertilizer, Mg nutrient status, plantgrowth, soil productivity
PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMATANGAN BUAH TERHADAP AKTIVITAS LARVASIDA DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA MINYAK KAMANDRAH (Croton tiglium L.) NOOR ROUFIQ AHMADI; DJUMALI MANGUNWIDJAJA; ONO SUPARNO; DYAH ISWANTINI P.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.163-168

Abstract

ABSTRAKIndonesia terkenal kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, termasukjenis tumbuhan yang mengandung bahan aktif insektisida. Tanamankamandrah (Croton tiglium L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yangbanyak terdapat di wilayah Indonesia dan telah dimanfaatkan sebagaiinsektisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristikfisiko-kimia minyak kamandrah pada berbagai tingkat kematangan sebagailarvasida nabati terhadap larva nyamuk demam berdarah dengue (A.aegypti). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian TanamanRempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri (Balittri) Sukabumi, Balai BesarLitbang  Pascapanen  Pertanian  Bogor,  Insektarium  LaboratoriumParasitologi dan Entomologi Kesehatan FKH IPB Bogor, dan Biofarmaka-LPPM IPB Bogor, mulai bulan Februari sampai Desember 2010. Minyakkamandrah diperoleh dengan ekstraksi menggunakan pengempa hidrolikpada suhu 65 o C dan tekanan 7,9 MPa pada buah kamandrah dengan tigatingkat kematangan yang berbeda: warna kulit buah hijau kecokelatan,cokelat kehijauan, dan cokelat penuh. Minyak yang diperoleh selanjutnyadianalisis bilangan asam, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida,indeks bias, berat jenis, dan nilai warna minyak, serta uji larvasidaterhadap larva nyamuk A. aegypti instar III. Penentuan nilai lethalconcentration (LC) dilakukan dengan metode probit analisis (FinneyMethod). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai LC,rendemen, dan mutu minyaknya, buah kamandrah yang berwarna kulitcokelat penuh lebih berpotensi sebagai larvasida nabati terhadap larva A.aegypti. Rendemen minyak kamandrah 20,42% dan nilai LC 50 adalah132,67 ppm (24 jam) dan 70,08 ppm (48 jam). Minyak tersebut memilikibilangan asam 8,76 mg KOH/g minyak; kadar asam lemak bebas 4,36 mgKOH/g minyak; bilangan peroksida 3,59 meq O/100g minyak; indeks bias1,4783; bobot jenis 0,9466 g/ml; dan warna meliputi nilai L* 73,03; a*3,26; dan b* 64,13. Minyak kamandrah berpotensi dapat dimanfaatkansebagai larvasida nabati dalam pengendalian vektor penyakit DBD.Kata kunci : Croton tiglium L., kematangan buah, minyak kamandrah,larvasidaABSTRACTEffect of Maturity Level of Fruits on Larvicidal Activityand Physico-Chemical Properties of Kamandrah (Crotontiglium L.) OilIndonesia is famously rich in biodiversity, including species of plants thatcontain active ingredient for insecticide. Kamandrah plant (Croton tigliumL.) is one of many medicinal plants found in parts of Indonesia and it hasbeen used as an insecticidal plant. The objectives this research were todetermine the physico-chemical characteristics and larvasidal activities ofoil extracted from kamandrah seeds with varying levels of maturity asbotanical larvicide for mosquito dengue fever. The expreriments wereconducted in the Laboratory of Indonesian Spice and Industrial CropsResearch Institute (ISICRI) Sukabumi, Indonesian Center for AgriculturalPostharvest Research  and  Development (ICAPRD),  InsectariumLaboratory of Health Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinaryof Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), and Biopharmaca IPB Bogor,from February to December 2010. The oil was obtained through extractionusing hydraulic pressurer at 65 o C temperatures and 7.9 MPa pressures ofkamandrah fruits with three different maturity levels : brownish green,greenish brown, and fully brown color of fruit skins. Oil gained was thenanalyzed its acid number, free fatty acid content, peroxides number,refractive index, specific gravity, and oil color values, as well as the oillarvasida test against mosquito larvae A. aegypti instar III. Determinationthe oil lethal concentration (LC) values was tested using probit analysismethod (Finney Method). The results showed that based on the values ofLC, content, and quality of the oil, full-brown colored kamandrah fruits aremore potential as larvivida against A. aegypti larvae. Oil content of thekamandrah was 20.42% while LC 50 values were 132.67 ppm (at 24 hours)and 70.08 ppm (at 48 hours). The acid number of the oil was 8.76 mgKOH/g oil; free fatty acid level of 4.36 mg KOH/g oil; peroxide number of3.59 meq O/100 g oil, refractive index of 1.4783; density of 0.9466 g/ml;and the color values were 73.03, 3.26, and 64.13 for L*, a*, and b*,respectively. Therefore, kamandrah oil is very potential to be used aslarvicide for controling the vector of dengue disease.Key words: Croton tiglium L., fruit maturity, kamandrah oil, larvicide
PENGEMBANGAN MARKA SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT UNTUK Jatropha spp. DARMAWAN SAPTADI; R.R. SRI HARTATI; ASEP SETIAWAN; BAMBANG HELIYANTO; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.140-149

Abstract

ABSTRAKPemuliaan tanaman jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) untukmenghasilkan varietas berdaya hasil dan berkadar minyak tinggi perludilakukan. Penggunaan marka molekuler dapat membantu mempercepattercapainya tujuan pemuliaan tanaman jarak pagar. Marka simple sequencerepeat (SSR) merupakan marka ko-dominan yang efektif untuk mendu-kung program pemuliaan tanaman, tetapi penerapannya pada jarak pagarmasih terbatas. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk : (i) merancangprimer spesifik SSR menggunakan aksesi DNA jarak pagar yang tersediadi GenBank DNA database dan (ii) mengevaluasi efektivitas pasanganprimer yang dirancang untuk menghasilkan marka SSR yang polimorfikuntuk jarak pagar dan J. multifida. Dua puluh delapan pasang primerspesifik SSR telah berhasil dirancang menggunakan aksesi DNA asal jarakpagar yang ada di GenBank DNA database. DNA genomik jarak pagar danJ. multifida yang diisolasi dapat digunakan sebagai templat untukamplifikasi PCR. Dari 28 pasang primer yang dikembangkan, semuanyamampu menghasilkan marka SSR dari genom jarak pagar dan hanya 19pasang primer yang menghasilkan marka SSR dari genom J. multifida.Dari 19 pasangan primer spesifik SSR yang dievaluasi mampu dihasilkan44 alel dengan ukuran produk amplifikasi berkisar antara 100-360 bp.Sebanyak 35 alel (79,5%) yang diamati merupakan alel yang polimorfik.Marka SSR yang didapatkan tidak polimorfik intra-aksesi jarak pagar atauintra-aksesi J. multifida tetapi polimorfik untuk inter-aksesi kedua spesies.Karena marka SSR yang dihasilkan bersifat polimorfik untuk aksesi jarakpagar dengan aksesi J. multifida maka dapat digunakan sebagai markauntuk mendeteksi hasil persilangan F 1 inter-spesies J. curcas x J. multifida.Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., jarak pagar, J. multifida, DNA berulang,rancangan primerABSTRACTDevelopment of Simple Sequence Repeat Markers forJatropha spp.Breeding of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) to obtain new varietiesthat are high in yield and oil content needs to be conducted. Molecularmarker could be used to assist breeding of physic nut (J. curcas). Simplesequence repeat (SSR) marker is a co-dominant marker and theoretically itcould be used to support physic nut breeding program. However, onlylimited information has been available regarding molecular analysis ofphysic nut. The objectives of this research were: (i) to design SSR specificprimer based on DNA sequences available in the GenBank DNA databaseand (ii) to evaluate effectiveness of the primer pairs to produce polymor-phic SSR markers for J. curcas and J. multifida. Twenty eight primer pairswere designed and developed using physic nut DNA available in theGenBank DNA database. Total genomic DNA isolated from J. curcas andJ. multifida could be used as DNA templates for PCR amplification. Of the28 primer pairs developed in this research yielded SSR marker using J.curcas genomic DNA, while only 19 out of 28 pairs yielded SSR markersusing J. multifida genomic DNA. As many as 44 alleles with the size ofamplified products ranged from 100-360 bp were identified. Thirty fivealleles (79.5%) out of 44 identified ones were polymorphic. Results ofanalysis indicated that identified SSR markers generated using thedesigned primers were not polymorphic intra accession of J. curcas norintra-accession of J. multifida either. However, the generated SSR markerswere polymorphic for inter-accession of the two Jatropha species. Sincethe generated markers were only polymorphic for J. curcas and J.multifida, they could be used as markers for identifying interspecific F 1hybrids derived from crossing between J. curcas and J. multifida.Key words: Jatropha curcas L., physic nut, J. multifida, DNA repeatsequence, primer design
EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI BIOFERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF CASHEW SEEDLING O. TRISILAWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.150-155

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe effects of several arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on thegrowth, nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), and acidphosphate activity of two promising numbers of Anacardium occidentaleseedling were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute(BALITTRO) in 2002 for six months on a randomized design with twofactors and four replicates. First factor was isolate (six isolates of AMFand one control) consisting of : 1) control; 2) Glomus aggregatum; 3)Glomus etunicatum; 4) Mycofer; 5) Glomus sp.; 6) a mixture of Glomussp1, Glomus sp2, Glomus sp3, Glomus sp4, Glomus etunicatum,Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora sp., and Enthropospora sp., and 7)Gigaspora sp. The second factor was two cashew promising numbers :Asembagus and Wonogiri. The results showed that AMF inoculationsignificantly affected the growth of cashew. Mycofer and mixed AMFwere more effective to Wonogiri promising number, while for Asembaguspromising number inoculation of mycofer was more effective. Inoculationwith mycofer to Asembagus promising number increased the uptake of Pand K nutrients by 65 and 53% while inoculation with mycofer and mixedAMF to Wonogiri promising number increased the uptake of N, P and Knutrients by 55, 38, and 17%, and by 18, 31, and 17%. Moreover, theAMF inoculation resulted in higher phosphatase activity. In mycorrhizalAsembagus promising number infected by mixed AMF, the increment ofphosphatase activity was 136.5%, whether in Wonogiri promising numberinfected by mycofer, the increment of phosphatase activity was 80% thancontrol.Key words: Anacardium occidentale, promising number, growth,phosphatase activityABSTRAKPengaruh Pupuk Hayati Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula(FMA) terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Jambu MetePenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa jenisfungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) terhadap pertumbuhan, serapan hara danaktivitas enzim fosfatase dari dua nomor harapan benih jambu mete(Anacardium occidentale). Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balittropada tahun 2002 selama 6 bulan, menggunakan rancangan acak yangterdiri dari dua faktor dan diulang empat kali. Faktor pertama adalahisolate (6 jenis isolat FMA dan satu kontrol) yaitu: 1). kontrol; 2). Glomusaggregatum; 3) Glomus etunicatum; 4). Mycofer; 5). Glomus sp.; 6).campuran dari Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2, Glomus sp3, Glomus sp4, Glomusetunicatum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora sp., Enthropospora sp., dan7). Gigaspora sp. Faktor kedua adalah nomor harapan jambu mete, yaituAsembagus dan Wonogiri. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa inokulasiFMA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan jambu mete. Mycofer dancampuran FMA lebih efektif berpengaruh terhadap nomor harapanWonogiri, sedangkan mycofer lebih efektif berpengaruh terhadap nomorharapan Asembagus. Serapan hara P dan K pada nomor harapanAsembagus yang diinokulasi mycofer meningkat sebesar 65 dan 53%,sedangkan nomor harapan Wonogiri yang diinokulasi mycofer dancampuran FMA, serapan hara N, P, dan K meningkat masing-masingsebesar 55; 38; dan 17%, dan 18; 31; dan 17%. Selain itu, inokulasi FMAdapat meningkatkan aktivitas fosfatase akar jambu mete. Peningkatanaktivitas fosfatase akar jambu mete nomor harapan Asembagus yangterinfeksi oleh campuran FMA sebesar 136,5%, sedangkan pada nomorharapan Wonogiri yang terinfeksi mycofer, peningkatnnya sebesar 80%dibandingkan kontrol.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, nomor harapan, pertumbuhan,aktivitas fosfatase
POTENSI DUA ISOLAT LOKAL Pleurotus sp. SEBAGAI ANTAGONIS TERHADAP Ganoderma sp. ACHMAD, ACHMAD; YULISMAN, DEKA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.174-178

Abstract

ABSTRAKPleurotus sp. merupakan salah satu jamur yang lebih dikenalsebagai jamur pangan. Selain sebagai jamur pangan, jamur tersebut jugadilaporkan memiliki kemampuan antimikrobial. Dalam penelitian inidipelajari potensi isolat lokal Pleurotus sp. sebagai antagonis terhadapfungi patogen Ganoderma sp. yang merupakan penyebab penyakit pentingpada tanaman perkebunan terutama kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan diLaboratorium Penyakit Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan IPB dari bulan Julisampai dengan Oktober 2004. Penelitian menggunakan dua isolat lokalPleurotus sp.1 dan Pleurotus sp.4 yang merupakan koleksi LaboratoriumPenyakit Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan IPB. Inokulum Ganoderma sp.diperoleh dengan mengisolasi langsung tubuh buah dari tegakan mahoniyang tumbuh di samping Laboratorium Penyakit Hutan. Uji antagonismein vitro dilakukan dengan metode oposisi langsung dalam cawan petriberdiameter 9 cm. Peubah yang diamati adalah jari-jari koloni patogenyang tumbuh ke arah antagonis dan terdapat atau tidaknya zonapenghambatan pada batas kedua koloni jamur. Analisis data dilakukandengan uji-t berpasangan untuk perlakuan yang relevan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kedua isolat antagonis mampu memper-lambat pertumbuhan menjari Ganoderma sp. Zona penghambatanterbentuk hanya pada antagonisme Ganoderma sp. dengan Pleurotus sp.4tetapi tidak pada antagonisme dengan Pleurotus sp.1. Hal tersebutmenunjukkan perbedaan mekanisme antagonisme pada kedua isolat.Kata kunci: Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma sp., antagonisme, antibiosisABSTRACTThe Antagonistic Potentid of Two Local Isolates ofPleurotus sp. against Ganoderma sp.Pleurotus sp. is mushrooms which is more famous as a foodfungus. Aside from being a food, this fungus is also reported to haveantimicrobial capabilities. This research studied the potential of localisolates Pleurotus sp. as antagonists to pathogenic fungi Ganodermasp. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Forest Disease, Faculty ofForestry IPB, from July to October 2004. The study used two local isolatesPleurotus sp.1 and Pleurotus sp.4 which were collectioned from ForestDisease Laboratory of the Faculty of Forestry, IPB. Ganodermasp. inoculum was obtained directly by isolating the fruit body on themahogany stands growing beside the Forest Disease Laboratory.Antagonism in vitro test was conducted using direct opposition in the petridish, 9 cm in diameter. Variables measured were the radius of pathogencolonies which grew in the direction to antagonist colony, and the presenceor absence of inhibition zone at the border of both fungal colonies. Thedata were analyzed with paired t-test for the relevant treatment. The resultsshowed that the existence of two antagonistic isolates were able to inhibitthe growth of Ganoderma sp. Inhibition zone was formed only on theantagonism of Ganoderma sp. with Pleurotus sp.4 but not in antagonismwith Pleurotus sp.1. This shows the mechanism difference of antagonismon both isolates.Key words: Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma sp., antagonism, antibiosis
ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK PLASMA NUTFAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacaoL.) BERDASARKANMARKA SSR / Analysis of Genetic Variability Germplasm of Cacao (Theobroma cacaoL.)Basedon SSR Marker Surti Kurniasih; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Asep Setiawan; Agus Purwantara; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.156-162

Abstract

Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have proven to be an excellent tool for cultivar identification, pedigree analysis, and genetic distance evaluations among organisms. The objectives of this research were to characterize cacao collection of Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute (ICCRI) and to analyze their genetic diversity using SSR markers. In this research, 39 SSR primer pairs were used to amplify genomic DNA of 29 cacao clones. Amplified SSR fragments for each primer pair were scored as individual band and used to determine genetic distance among evaluated cacao clones. Results of the experiment indicated that all SSR primer pairs evaluated were able to produce SSR markers for 29 cacao clones. The results also indicated that 34 out of 39 microsatellite loci evaluated were polymorphic, while 5 others were monomorphic. The total number of observed alleles among 29 clones was 132. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 4-8, with an average of 5.5 alelles per locus. Results of data analysis indicated that the PIC value was 0.665, the observed heterozigosity (Ho) was 0.651, and the gene diversity (He) was 0.720. The PIC, Ho, and He values were considered high. Genetic distances were evaluated using NTSys version 2.1 and dendrogram was constructed. Results of analysis indicated that 12 cacao clones evaluated were clustered in the first group with diversity coefficient of < 3.75. Nine cacao clones were in the second group but with the same value of diversity coefficient (<7.50). The rest of the cacao clones were in the third group with diversity coefficient of>7.50. Based on those finding, all SSR primer pairs evaluated could be used to analyze cacao genome and be useful for genetic diversity analysis of cacao germplasm. The SSR marker analysis in ICCRI cacao collections resulted in high PIC, high observed heterozygosity, and high genetic diversity.Key words: Theobroma cacao L, microsatelite, molecular marker, genetic diversity, heterozygosity AbstrakMarka mikrosatelit atau sekuens sederhana berulang (simple sequence repeat = SSR) terbukti merupakan alat yang bagus untuk identifikasi kultivar, analisis pedigree, dan evaluasi jarak genetik berbagai organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk:1) karakterisasi kakao koleksi Pusat penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia menggunakan marka SSR dan 2) analisis keragaman genetik klon-klon kakao koleksi dengan menggunakan marka SSR. Dalam penelitian ini, 39 pasangan primer SSR telah digunakan untuk amplifikasi DNA genomik dari 29 klon kakao. Skoring pita SSR hasil amplifikasi menggunakan masing-masing pasangan primer dilakukan secara terpisah dan digunakan untuk menentukan jarak genetik di antara klon kakao yang dievaluasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua pasangan primer SSR yang digunakan mampu menghasilkan pita DNA hasil amplifikasi (marka SSR) untuk 29 klon kakao yang diuji. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa 34 dari 39 lokus SSR yang dianalisis bersifat polimorfik sedangkan lima primer yang lain bersifat monomorfik. Dari 29 klon kakao yang dievaluasi, telah berhasil diamplifikasi sebanyak 132 alel, dengan kisaran antara 4-8 alel/lokus. Rataan jumlah alel per lokus sebanyak 5,50. Hasil analisis data yang dilakukan juga menunjukkan nilai PIC untuk marka SSR yang digunakan sebesar 0,665. Untuk populasi klon kakao yang dievaluasi, diperoleh nilai rataan heterosigositas pengamatan (Ho) sebesar 0,651 dan rataan diversitas gen (He) sebesar 0,720. Nilai PIC Ho dan He yang didapat tergolong tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis keragaman dengan menggunakan program NTSys, diperoleh hasil 12 klon kakao berada dalam grup pertama (koefisien keragaman<3,75) dan9 klon berada dalam grup kedua, dengan koefisien keragaman < 7,50. Sedangkan klon-klon lainnya mempunyai koefisien keragaman > 7,50. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data disimpulkan bahwa marka SSR dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik plasma nutfah kakao. Tingkat polimorfisme yang dihasilkan marka SSR relatif tinggi. Tingkat heterosigositas plasma nutfah kakao koleksi Puslit Kopi dan Kakao Indonesiarelatif tinggi, dan keragaman genetiknyacukup tinggi.Kata kunci : Theobroma cacao L, mikrosatelit, marka molekuler, keragaman genetik, heterosigositas

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