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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PATOGENISITAS Achaea janata GRANULOSIS VIRUS (AjGV) TERHADAP ULAT PEMAKAN DAUN TANAMAN JARAK KEPYAR IGAA. INDRAYANI; HERI PRABOWO; TITIEK YULIANTI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 2 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n2.2014.57-64

Abstract

ABSTRAKAchaea janata L. adalah hama penting tanaman jarak kepyar(Ricinus  communis)  yang  hingga  kini  pengendaliannya  masihmenggunakan insektisida kimia secara intensif. Selain tidak efisien,insektisida kimia juga menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Untukmengatasi masalah tersebut, maka perlu cara pengendalian alternatif yangselain efektif dan efisien, juga ramah lingkungan, seperti virus yangdiisolasi dari ulat A. janata (A. janata Granulosis Virus/AjGV). Penelitianpatogenisitas AjGV pada A. janata dilakukan di Laboratorium PatologiSerangga Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) mulaiJanuari - Desember 2012. Perlakuan terdiri atas enam konsentrasi AjGV,yaitu 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 occlusion bodies (OB), dan satu kontrol.Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan empat kaliulangan. Ulat A. janata yang digunakan adalah instar II, III, IV, dan Vmasing-masing 90 ekor/perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati adalahmortalitas dan bobot ulat, konsentrasi untuk membunuh 50% ulat (LC 50 ),dan waktu untuk membunuh 50% ulat (LT 50 ). Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa AjGV patogenik terhadap A. janata, terutama ulatinstar II dan III dengan mortalitas berturut-turut 90 dan 86,7%. LC 50 AjGVpada ulat instar II dan III masing-masing mencapai 1,0 x 10 3 dan 1,2 x 10 3OB/ml, dengan LT 50 kedua instar sekitar 3,4-4,2 hari. Pengaruh infeksiAjGV pada ulat A. janata efektif menurunkan bobot ulat hidup 57,9 dan57,4% masing-masing pada ulat instar II dan III. Hasil penelitian inimengindikasikan bahwa sasaran yang tepat untuk pengendalian ulat A.janata dengan AjGV di lapangan adalah pada saat instar II dan III.Kata kunci: Achaea janata L, patogenisitas, instar, mortalitasABSTRACTAchaea janata L. is an important insect pest of castor plant (Ricinuscommunis L.) that was intensively controlled by chemical insecticidecaused inefficiency and an environmental polution. To solve the problemsit needs an effective, efficient and environmental friendly of alternativecontrol, especially using Granulosis Virus isolated from A. janata larvae(AjGV). Study on pathogenicity of A. janata virus isolate against castorleaf-eater, A. janata L. was conducted at Insect Pathology Laboratory ofIndonesia Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute in Malang fromJanuary to December 2012. The objective of study is to test thepathogenicity of AjGV against A. janata larvae. Treatment consists of sixconcentrations of AjGV, viz. 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 OBs/ml and onecontrol. Four instars of larvae, e.g. second, third, fourth, and fifth wereused in this study. Each treatments was arranged in Randomized BlockDesign with four replications. Parameter recorded were mortality andweight of larvae, LC 50 , and LT 50 . Result showed that AjGV was pathogenicto A. janata larvae, mainly on second and third instar in resulting of 90%and 86.7% of mortality, respectively. The LC 50 of AjGV on the second andthird instar was 1.0 x 10 3 and 1.2 x 10 3 OB/ml, respectively and the LT 50was 3.4 and 4.2 days, respectively. Infection of A. janata virus reducedthe weight of both instar up to 57.9% and 57.4%, respectively. This resultindicated that the second and third was the suitable instars of A. janatalarvae for better control of AjGV in field.Key word: Achaea janata L, pathogenicity, instar, mortality
INTERAKSI ANTARA Trichogrammatoidea bactrae N. DAN Trichogrammatoidea armigera N. PADA TELUR KAMA PENGGEREK BUAH KAPAS Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. DWI ADI SUNARTO; NURINDAH NURINDAH; SUJAK SUJAK
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 4 (2005): DESEMBER 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n4.2005.152-158

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenggerek buah kapas, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. (Lepidoptera;Noctuidae) dan Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Lepidoptera;Gelechiidae) merupakan hama Unaman kapas. Trichogrammatoideaarmigera N. yang dilepas secara inundasi telah terbukti mampumengendalikan populasi H. armigera, tctapi belum mampu mengendalikanP. gossypiella. Parasitoid telur yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati bagi-P.gossypiella adalah Trichogrammatoidea bactrae N. Penelitian ini bertujuanmempelajari interaksi antara T. bactrae (muncul dari telur P. gossypiellayang berasal dari Lamongan (T. bactrae - L) dan Asembagus T. bactrae -A)) dengan T. armigera yang digunakan untuk pengendalian H. armigera.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hayati (parasitoid & predator)Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Malang pada bulan Maret2002 sampai dengan Desember 2002. Suhu ruang penelitian 25-27 derajat Cdan kelembaban nisbi 65-70 persen. Interaksi yang diuji adalah (1)interaksi imago dengan perlakuan variasi kepadatan populasi parasitoid daninang telur H. armigera; dan (2) interaksi pra imago yang berada di dalamtelur inang dengan perlakuan pemaparan telur H. armigera secarabergantian terhadap (a) T. armigera dan T. bactrae - A, dan (b) T. armigeradan T. bactrae - L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antaraimago T. armigera dengan T. bactrae - A dan T. bactrae - L, lebihdidominasi oleh T. armigera. Total dominasi dari semua perlakuanmencapai 6 : 95 atau proporsi parasitisasi terhadap telur inang H.armigera oleh T. armigera yang lebih tinggi dibanding proporsiparasitisasi oleh T. bactrae peluangnya adalah 0,94. Pada interaksi praimago, interaksi antara T. bactrae - A dan T. armigera didominasi olehT. armigera, sedangkan antara T. bactrae - L : T. armigera didominasioleh T. bactrae - L. Dominasi T. armigera terhadap T. bactrae adalah 0: 21 atau peluang proporsi T. armigera yang bertahan hidup di dalam telurH. armigera yang lebih tinggi dibanding proporsi T. bactrae - A adalah1. Sedangkan dominasi T. bactrae terhadap T. armigera adalah 16 : 3atau peluang proporsi T. bactrae - L yang bertahan hidup di dalam telurH. armigera yang lebih tinggi dibanding proporsi T. armigera adalah 0,84.Berdasarkan bentuk interaksi tersebut, maka T. bactrae - A dapat dipilihsebagai kandidat agens hayati P. gossypiella yang lebih ideal dibanding T.bactrae -L. Penggunaan T. bactrae - L sebagai agens hayati,berpeluang menyebabkan terganggunya efektifttas parasitisasi T. armigeradalam pengendalian H. armigera.Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, penggerek kapas, agenshayati, Trichogrammatoidea armigera, Trichogrammatoideabactrae, Pectinophora gossypiella, Helicoverpa armigera,interaksi antar spesiesABSTRACTTrichogrammatoidea bactrae N, The objective of this research is to studythe interaction between T. bactrae (emerged from P. gossypiella collectedfrom Lamongan (7". bactrae - L) and collected from Asembagus T. bactrae- A)) with T. armigera. The study was conducted in Biological ControlLaboratory of ITOFCRI, March - December 2002. The tested interactionswere (1) adult interaction with different density of parasitoids and the hostH. armigera eggs; (2) pre-adult interactions in H. armigera eggs withsubsequently exposed the eggs to T. armigera and T. bactrae - A IT.bactrae - L. The results showed that T. armigera dominates the adultinteraction with T. bactrae - A / T. bactrae - L. Total domination of alltreatments was 6:95 or the probability of higher proportion of T. armigerato parasitize H. armigera than that of T. bactrae was 0.94. T. armigeraalso dominates pre-adult interaction with T. bactrae - A, but T. bactrae - Ldominates T. armigera. The dominance value of T. armigera against T.bactrae - A was 0:21 or probability of the higher proportion of T.armigera survival than tat of T. bactrae - A was 1. The dominance valueof the higher proportion of T. bactrae - L survival than that of T. armigerawas 0.84. Based on the results, prospective biocontrol agent of P.gossypiella is T. bactrae - A. Mass release of T. bactrae - L may interferethe effectiveness of T. armigera on H. armigera eggs.Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, pest, cotton bollworms, bioagents, Trichogrammatoidea armigera, Trichogrammatoideabactrae, Pectinophora gossypiella, Helicoverpa armigera,interspecific interactionInteraction of Trichogrammatoidea armigera N. andTrichogrammatoidea bactrae N. on cotton-bottwormsHelicoverpa armigera Hbn. eggsCotton bollworms Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. (Lepidoptera;Noctuidae) and Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Lepidoptera;Gelechiidae) are two of cotton pests in Indonesia. Inundation releases ofTrichogrammatoidea armigera N. could control H. armigera population,but not P. gossypiella. The potential egg parasitoid of P. gossypiella is
EFEKTIVITAS PUPUK HAYATI DAN PUPUK NITROGEN (ZA) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA SERTA POPULASI BAKTERI DAN KADAR N TOTAL TANAH DJAJADI DJAJADI; A. S. MURDIYATI; TITIEK YULIANTI; HERI ISTIONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 6, No 1 (2000): Juni, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v6n1.2000.18-24

Abstract

Effectiveness of biofertilizer and IS fertilizer (ZA) in increasing the yield and quality of Virginia tobacco leaves, population of soil bacteria and soil /V contentThe experiment was conducted in inceptisol soil, Bondowoso, from June 1998 to March 1999. The experiment was aimed to study the effect of biofertilizer and N rates on population of soil bacteria and total N soil content, yield and quality of Virginia tobacco leaves The experiment was designed in factorial randomized block with two factors and four replicates Factor one consisted of two levels of biofertilizer (0 and I l/ha) and factor two was three levels of N rates (0, 25 and 50 kg N/ha). Biofertilizer was sprayed before planting and N fertilizer was added twice, at 10 and 21 days ater planting, half dosage each PjO^ (40 kg/ha) and K20 (90 kg/ha) were added as basal fertilizer. Biofertilizer (1% product) was sprayed into the plant holes (volume 100 l/ha) prior lo planting of tobacco seedlings. Results showed that interaction between biofertilizer and 2S kg N/ha treatments increased fresh leaves yield by 22% and cured leaves by 30%, and also resulted in a high value of crop index (110.16) Quality index was only increased (5%) by addition of biofertilizer In the laboratory, the combination treatment of biofertilizer and N also increased the population of bacteria and total N content of soil that was incubated for 2 weeks.
PENGARUH UMUR EKSPLAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PEMBENTUKAN KALUS EMBRIOGENIK PADA KULTUR MERISTEM JAHE (Zingiber officinale Rosc) MEYNARTI SARI DEWI IBRAHIM; OTIH ROSTIANA; NURUL KHUMAIDA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n1.2010.37-42

Abstract

ABSTRAKKendala dalam pengembangan jahe di Indonesia adalah terbatasnyabenih bermutu. Secara konvensional, budidaya jahe dilakukan denganmenggunakan bibit dari potongan rimpang. Dengan cara ini diperlukanbibit dalam jumlah yang banyak, antara 2-3 t/ha untuk jahe yang dipanentua dan 5-6 t/ha untuk yang dipanen muda. Kendala lain adalah penyakittular benih layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum.Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan benih jahebebas penyakit adalah perbanyakan melalui kultur jaringan. Penelitianbertujuan untuk mengkaji sumber eksplan dari tingkat umur panenrimpang yang berbeda terhadap kapasitas pembentukan kalus embriogenikpada kultur meristem jahe putih besar. Penelitian dilakukan di BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik dari September 2007 sampaiMaret 2008, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 20 kaliulangan. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah meristem jahe putih besaryang diambil dari rimpang panen muda dan tua. Peubah yang diamatimeliputi: histologi jaringan, persentase kalus embriogenik yang terbentuk,bobot segar kalus, diameter kalus, dan morfologi kalus. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan adanya daerah meristematik pada sayatan eksplan meristemjahe putih besar ukuran ± 0,25 cm. Persentase kalus embriogenik (92,1%)dan diameter kalus (0,59 mm) dari rimpang yang dipanen tua lebih tinggidari yang dipanen muda. Berat kalus (1,18 g) dan jumlah embrio somatikglobular (29,34) asal eksplan panen tua nyata lebih tinggi dari yangdipanen muda. Kalus embriogenik yang berasal dari eksplan rimpang yangdipanen tua mampu berkembang membentuk embrio somatik danberkecambah menghasilkan planlet normal.Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale Rosc., umur rimpang, kalus embriogenik,embriogenesis somatikABSTRACTEffect of explants age on the success of embryogenic calliformation in meristem culture of ginger (Zingiberofficinale Rosc.)Constraint in ginger cultivation in Indonesia is the limited qualityof planting materials. In conventional cultivation, planting materials weretaken from a piece of rhizomes. By this technique, significant amount ofplanting materials is required, between 2-3 tons/ha for fully harvested and5-6 tons/ha for young harvested rhizomes. Another serious constraint isbacterial wilt disease infection caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Effortfor obtaining free disease planting materials could be performed throughtissue culture mass propagation. In this study, different ages of rhizome asexplants sources was evaluated for their capacity in embryogenic calliformation on the meristem culture of ginger. The experiment wasconducted in Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institutefrom September 2007 to March 2008, using a completely random designwith 20 replicates. Plant material used was white ginger meristem takenfrom the fully and young harvested rhizomes. The observed variables wereexplant histology, percentage embryogenic calli formation (%), freshweight of calli, calli diameter, number of globular embryo, and callimorphology. The results showed a meristematic region at the incisionexplant big-white ginger meristem ± 0.25 cm in size. Percentage ofembryogenic calli formation from the fully harvested rhizome-explant(92.1%) and calli diameter (0.59 mm) were higher than that of the youngerone. Calli weight (1.18 g) and number of globular somatic embryos(29.34) from fully harvested rhizome-explants were significantly higherthan that of the younger one. Embriogenic calli derived from the oldharvested rhizome explants was able to grow well to form somaticembryos and then germinate to produce normal plantlet.Key words : Zingiber officinale Rosc, age of rhizome, embriogeniccalli, somatic embryogenesis
PENENTUAN POLA PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI JAMBU METE CHANDRA INDRAWANTO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 2 (2008): Juni 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n2.2008.78-86

Abstract

ABSTRAKSebagai produsen mete, agroindustri mete di Indonesia masih belumberkembang. Sekitar 36% produksi masih diekspor dalam bentukgelondong. Pengembangan agroindustri mete yang mengandalkan industribesar tidak berjalan baik. Untuk itu perlu dicari pola yang tepat untukpengembangan agroindustri mete. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatansystem dengan menerapkan metode AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)untuk menentukan skenario terbaik pengembangan industri mete nasionalyang kuat. Akuisisi pendapat pakar dilakukan dengan wawancara intensifdan melalui FGD terhadap tujuh pakar di Bogor pada bulan Februari 2007.Faktor penentu keberhasilan pengembangan agroindustri mete dengantingkat kepentingan relatif tertinggi adalah ketersediaan bahan baku.Faktor ini sangat ditentukan oleh kinerja aktor petani dalam usahataninya,sehingga aktor petani memiliki tingkat kepentingan relatif tertinggi diantara ketiga aktor penentu. Kinerja usahatani ditentukan olehterpenuhinya obyektif dari aktor petani terutama obyektif pendapatanusahatani yang baik. Dari ketiga skenario pola pengembangan industrimete, pola industri dengan basis industri kecil skala rumah tangga untukpengacipan yang ditunjang industri pengolahan kulit mete ditingkatkabupaten sentra produksi mete dipilih sebagai pola terbaik karena dapatmemenuhi seluruh obyektif petani dengan baik. Kebijakan yang perludiambil dalam membangun industri mete dengan pola terpilih adalahdengan membentuk klaster industri mete di kabupaten sentra produksimete, meningkatkan pendapatan petani melalui pengenalan budidayaanjuran, tanaman sela dan diversifikasi hasil, serta mendorong per-dagangan kacang mete ke negara-negara terdekat pengimpor kacang meteseperti Australia, Jepang, Uni Emirat Arab dan Arab Saudi.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale, AHP, agroindustri,klasterABSTRACTAssortment  of  patrons  of  cashew  agroindustrydevelopmentAs a cashew producer, Indonesia’s cashew agroindustry has notbeen developed yet. Around 36% of cashew production is exportedwithout being processed. For that reason, a proper patron of cashewagroindustry development should be found. This research used systemapproach. AHP method had been applied to judge the best scenario of thepatron of cashew agroindustry development. Acquisition of expertjudgement had been done by intensive interview and FGD to seven expertin Bogor in February 2007. The analysis showed that raw material ofcashew supply is the most important determinant factor in developingcashew agroindustry. Performance of this factor is depend on theperformance of farmers in managing their farming. This condition putfarmers as the most important actor in developing cashew agroindustry.The performance of the farmers depends on how the scenario can fulfillthe objectives of the farmers. From three scenarios judged, cashewagroindustry based on home industry in cashew central productionregencies is the best scenario that can fulfil all objectives of the farmer.Policies should be taken in developing cashew agroindustry using thisscenario are: building clusters of the cashew industry in cashew centralproduction regencies, Increasing farmers income from their farming byintroducing good farming systems, intercropping, product diversificationof cashew and increasing cashew nut export to importer countries such asAustralia, Japan, Uni Emirate Arab and Saudi Arabia.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, AHP, agroindustry, cluster
ANALISIS LINTAS SIFAT-SIFAT AGRONOMIS TERHADAP INDEKS TANAMAN DAN KADAR NIKOTIN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA BOJONEGORO . ADJISASTROSUPADI; A. S. MURDIYATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.83-88

Abstract

Hubungan sifat-sifat agronomis terhadap indeks tanaman dan kadar nikotin telah dicari dengan analisis lintas. Tujuan dari analisis adalah untuk mengetahui pcubah bebas yang sangat mempengaruhi peubah yang tidak bebas, indeks mutu dan kadar nikotin daun, sehingga dapat mengurangi banyaknya pengamatan yang dilakukan. Data pengamatan agronomis yang meliputi : jumlah daun/pohon, luas daun ke-7, luas daun ke-15, bobot rajangan kering/ha, indeks mutu dan indeks tanaman diperoleh dari percobaan pemupukan tiga galur harapan tembakau Virginia di kebun percobaan Pekuwon Bojonegoro dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktober 2002. Hasil analisis lintas antara indeks tanaman dengan peubah bebas di atas menunjukkan bahwa indeks tanaman sangat ditentukan oleh bobot rajangan kering dengan koefisien lintas pm-1.03367 dan koefisien dcterminasi parsial 102%. Hubungan lintas bcrantai melalui pcubah rajangan kering dan indeks mutu menunjukkan bahwa luas daun kc-7 sangat mempengaruhi rajangan kering dengan koefisien lintas (p„i)- 0.85257 dan rajangan kering sangat mempengaruhi indeks tanaman dengan koefisien lintas (p,x,)= 0.95639, indeks mutu pengaruhnya terhadap indeks lanaman sangat kecil dengan koefisien lintas p,M = 0.12316. Analisis lintas antara kadar nikotin daun dengan ke lima peubah tidak baik (unfit) dengan koefisien sisa p„,= 0.6827 melebihi koefisien lintas yang lainnya. Dengan pentingnya peubah rajangan kering ini maka penjualan daun segar yang dilakukan oleh petani tidak dianjurkan.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, tembakau Virginia, analisis lintas, jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks tanaman, indeks mutu, kadar nikotin, bobot rajangan ABSTRACT Path analysis of agronomical characteristics on crops index and nicotine content of Virginia tobacco Bojonegoro The relationship between agronomical characteristics and crops index or leaf nicotine content has been studied by using path analysis. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the independent variables which most affected the dependent ones as crops index and leaf nicotine contain, so that it could reduce the number of independent variables. The agronomical characteristics consist of leaf number/plant, seventh and fiteenth leaf area, dried slice leaf/ha, grade index and crop index obtained from fetilizer experiment on three Virginia tobacco lines at Pekuwon Experimental Garden Bojonegoro, from May to October 2002. The results of this path analysis showed that crop index was strongly affected by dried slice leaf with path coeficient poi = 1.03367 and patial determination coefficient 102%. It was indicated that dried slice leaf was strongly affected by seventh leaf area with path coefficient p,n- 0.85257 and dried slice leaf strongly variable affected the crop index with path coeficient poi= 0.95639, while the grade index had little effect on crop index with path coefficient poi= 0.12316. The path analysis between leaf nicotine content and ive variables above was unfit with residual path coeficient pou= 0.6827, it was higher than each path coefficient of the orther variables. The dried slice leaf was the main independent variable affecting the crops index, so that selling of fresh tobacco leaves by farmers is not recomended.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, Virginia tobacco, path analysis, leaf number, leaf area, crop index, grade index, nicotine content, dried slice leaf
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PERONTOK LADA DENGAN PENGGERAK ENGKOL UNTUK PENGOLAHAN LADA HITAM RISFAHERI RISFAHERI; TATANG HIDAYAT
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 2 (1999): September, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n2.1999.63-69

Abstract

Design of the hand-powered thresher for black pepper processingProcessing of pepper berries (Piper nigrum L.) into black pepper needs thresing to remove the beries from the stalks prior to sundrying. Until now, the threshing practice is caried out by traditional method in which the pepper beries are trampled. This method is not eficient nor hygienic and it also causes high losses of the berries. To overcome those problems, a hand-powered thesher has been designed. The experiment consisted of thee steps, namely designing, constructing and testing. The threshing mechanism was based on impact and friction, whereas the separation of the berries from the stalks was based on the difference in shape and dimension. The dimension of the pepper thesher is 900 mm length, 450 mm width, and I 200 mm height. The test results showed that the hand-powered thresher have a good performance. The capacity of the thesher is 100 kg of pepper berries (berries + stalks) per hour. The operational cost is Rp 30.02 per kg of pepper beries, cheaper than that of the traditional theshing method (Rp 50/kg). This equipment is easy to apply in rural area, and can covee the theshing operation of 2.1 hectare of pepper plantation during harvesting periode.
PERUBAHAN BIOLOGIS DAN FISIOLOGIS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR MASAK BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA BAHARUDIN BAHARUDIN; M.R. SUHARTANTO; S. ILYAS; A. PURWANTARA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 2 (2011): Juni 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n2.2011.41-50

Abstract

ABSTRAKProgram pengembangan dan rehabilitasi tanaman kakao membutuh-kan benih bermutu. Mutu benih antara lain ditentukan oleh saat panenyang tepat, terutama berhubungan dengan masak fisiologis. Beberapaindikator penting yang berkaitan dengan masak fisiologis benih adalahkarakteristik biologis dan fisiologis. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan diKebun Induk Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao (Puslitkoka) Jember,Laboratorium Fisika dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih IPB,serta Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitan Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia,Bogor pada bulan Februari-September 2008. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk(1) mempelajari perubahan biologis dan fisiologis selama perkembanganbenih kakao hibrida, (2) mengetahui hubungan antar berbagai karakterbiologis dan fisiologis benih yang mencerminkan mutu benih, dan (3)menentukan saat panen yang tepat benih kakao hibrida TSH 858 xSca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6. Benih yang digunakan berasal dari hasilpersilangan buatan antara kakao TSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6.Umur panen benih yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 120, 135, 150,165, dan 180 hari yang dihitung saat setelah antesis, dan setiappengamatan diulang 4 kali. Analisis data disajikan dalam bentuk grafikdengan data primer ditambah standar deviasi dalam program Excel danuntuk mengetahui hubungan dari masing-masing karakter mutu benihdilakukan ”analisis path” menggunakan SAS dari Windows v 9.1. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan dua fase perkembangan benih. Fase perkem-bangan hingga masak fisiologis (fase 1) dan fase setelah masak fisiologis(fase 2) kakao hibrida TSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6. Masakfisiologis benih kakao hibrida TSH 858 x Sca 6 tercapai pada saat 150HSA dan ICS 60 x Sca 6 pada 165 HSA. Daya kecambah, indeks vigor,K CT -R, T 50 , bobot basah dan bobot kering benih, karotenoid dan antosianinbenih dan buah, jumlah daun, dan tinggi bibit dari benih kakao hibridaTSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6 mencapai maksimum pada saatmasak fisiologis dan menurun pada fase kedua. Selama periodeperkembangan benih terjadi penurunan total klorofil benih dan buah,sedangkan warna buah kuning mengalami peningkatan. Karakter yangberhubungan langsung dengan mutu benih pada saat masak fisiologisbenih kakao hibrida TSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6 adalah warnabuah kuning, indeks vigor, total klorofil benih dan buah, karotenoid danantosianin benih, T 50 , tinggi bibit, K CT -R, dan bobot kering benih.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao, biologi benih, fisiologi benih, karakteristikbenih, mutu benihABSTRACTBiological and Physiological Changes as Indicator ofMaturity of Hybrid Cacao SeedThe development and rehabilitation programs of cacao need highquality seeds. The high quality of cacao seeds is influenced by seedsphysiological maturity and harvesting time. Several important indicatorsrelated to the seed physiological maturity are biological and physiologicalcharacters. The research objectives were: (1) to study biological andphysiological changes during of seed development, (2) to study on thecorrelation of various characteristics related with seeds physiology andquality, (3) to determine the most appropriate harvesting time for hybridcacao seed of TSH 858 x Sca 6 and ICS 60 x Sca 6. The research wasconducted at Coffee and Cacao Research Institute of Indonesia(Puslitkoka) in Jember, IPB Biophysics and Seeds and TechnologyLaboratory and Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate CropsIndonesia glass house in Bogor from February to September 2008. Theseeds were originated from hand pollination of TSH 858 vs Sca 6 and ICS60 vs Sca 6 hybrids from Puslitkoka Jember. The seeds for this researchwere harvested on: 120, 135, 150, 165, and 180 days after anthesis (DAA);with four replications each. Data were analyzed and presented as graphs,standard deviation in excel; while the relationship of each character ofseeds quality was determined using path analysis by SAS for Windows v.9.1. The results showed that the seed physiological changed on two phasesduring its development. The first phase started from seeds development upto physiological maturity for TSH 858 x Sca 6 and as well ICS 60 x Sca 6hybrids, and second phases started after physiological maturity. Thephysiological maturity of each seeds is 150 DAA for TSH 858 x Sca 6 and165 DAA for ICS 60 x Sca 6 hybrids. Seed germination percentage, vigorindex, germination rate (K CT -R and T 50 ), wet and dry weight of seed, seedsand fruits carotenoid content, seed and fruit anthocyanin content, numberof leaves, and height of seedling reached maximum when seed achievedphysiological maturity and decreased afterward. During seed development,there was decreasing of seeds and fruits chlorophyll content and increasedfor the yellow color of fruit. The characters which showed directcorrelation with seeds quality during seed development of TSH 858 x Sca6 and ICS 60 x Sca 6 hybrids are: yellow color of fruit, vigor index,chlorophyll content for seeds and fruit, seed carotenoid and anthocyanincontent, germination rate (T 50, K CT -R), seedling height and seed dry weight.Key words: Theobroma cacao, seed biological, seed physiological, seedcharacteristic, seed quality
DETECTION OF PHYTOPLASMAS ASSOCIATED WITH KALIMANTAN WILT DISEASE OF COCONUT BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION J.S. WAROKKA J.S. WAROKKA; P. JONES P. JONES; M.J. DICKINSON M.J. DICKINSON
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.154-160

Abstract

ABSTRACTCoconut is the second Indonesia’s most important social commodityafter rice. There are more than 3.6 million hectares of coconut plantationsin Indonesia equivalent to one third of the total world coconut area.However, the production and productivity of the coconut are very low andunstable for various reasons, including pests and diseases. Kalimantan wilt(KW) disease causes extensive damage to coconut plantation. In previousinvestigations, bacteria, fungi, viruses, viroids and soil-borne pathogenssuch as nematodes were tested, but none of them were consistentlyassociated with the disease. The objective of this research was to detectand diagnose the phytoplasma associating with KW. Two DNA extractionmethods, namely a modification of CTAB method involving grindingcoconut trunk tissue in pre-warmed CTAB instead of liquid nitrogen, and asmall scale DNA extraction method, were used to prepare DNA fromcoconut trunk tissues. Research results showed that both methods werefound equally suitable for preparing DNA from coconut trunk tissues forPCR analysis. The phytoplasmas aetiology of KW has been proved by thenested PCR approach using P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 primercombinations. The study has further demonstrated that the nested PCRapproach can be employed to effectively detect the presence ofphytoplasma both in infected and in symptomless coconut trunk tissues.Phytoplasma DNA was amplified from 95 out of 116 samples (81.9%).Based on source of samples, phytoplasma DNA was amplified from KWinfected and symptomless samples, 95.1% and 67.3% respectively. Thisstudy confirmed that KW is caused by phytoplasma.Key words : Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., plant disease, Kalimantan wiltdisease, phytoplasma, polymerase chain reaction, CentralKalimantanABSTRAKDeteksi phytoplasma yang berasosiasi dengan penyakitlayu Kalimantan pada kelapa dengan reaksi rantaipolymeraseKelapa merupakan komoditi sosial kedua setelah padi di Indonesiadengan luasan areal lebih dari 3.6 juta ha pertanaman, ekuivalen dengansepertiga luas kelapa dunia, hal ini menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negaraprodusen kelapa terluas di dunia. Sekarang ini produksi dan produktivitaskelapa sangat rendah dan tidak stabil yang disebabkan oleh berbagai alasantermasuk serangan hama dan penyakit. Penyakit layu Kalimantan telahmengakibatkan kerugian yang besar pada pertanaman kelapa. Penelitiansebelumnya untuk mengetahui penyebab penyakit dilakukan denganmenguji bakteri, cendawan, virus, viroid dan patogen tanah sepertinematoda tetapi tidak ada yang secara konsisten berasosiasi denganpenyakit layu Kalimantan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi danmendiagnosa phytoplasma sebagai penyebab penyakit yang berasosiasidengan layu Kalimantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode untukmengekstraksi DNA yaitu metode CTAB yang biasanya menggunakannitrogen cair dimodifikasi dengan menghancurkan sampel tanaman padaCTAB yang dipanaskan, dan metode skala kecil. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa kedua metode yang digunakan menghasilkan DNAyang sama baiknya untuk analisis PCR. Teknik nested PCR menggunakankombinasi primer P1/P7 dan R16F2n/R16R2 dapat membuktikan bahwapenyebab penyakit layu Kalimantan adalah phytoplasma. Teknik ini jugasecara efektif dapat mendeteksi phytoplasma dalam jaringan tanamankelapa yang sudah terinfeksi maupun yang belum menunjukkan gejalapenyakit. DNA phytoplasma dapat dideteksi pada 95 sampel dari 116sampel (81.9%) yang dianalisis. Berdasarkan jenis sample yang diperiksaternyata phytoplasma dapat dideteksi pada sample yang terinfeksi maupunyang belum menunjukkan gejala penyakit masing-masing 95.1% dan67.3%. Hasil penelitian ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa penyakit layuKalimantan disebabkan oleh phytoplasma.Kata kunci: Kelapa, Cocos nucifera L., penyakit tanaman, penyakit layuKalimantan,  phytoplasma,  reaksi  rantai  polymerase,Kalimantan Tengah
PARASITASI Aphanomerus sp. PADA WERENG PUCUK JAMBU MENTE Sanurus indecora JACOBI I GUSTI NYOMAN RAI PURNAYASA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 1 (2003): Maret, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n1.2003.1-3

Abstract

Penelitian lenlang pcranan parasitoid Aphanomerus sp. (Platygasleridac. Hymenoplera) terhadap telur wcreng pucuk jambu mente Sanurus indecora Jacobi telah dilaksanakan di Desa I.ckok Rangan, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Propinsi Nusa Tcnggara Barat, pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktobcr 2001. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mcngidenliikasi parasitoid yang keluar dari telur ,S' indecora. evaluasi pcranan parasitoid tersebut terhadap kelompok telur S indecora di lapangan dan terhadap telur yang belum tcrparasit di laboratorium Lima contoh lanaman dipilih untuk mengumpulkan kelompok telur. masing-masing 60 kelompok telur liap tanaman, sedangkan untuk parasilasinya di laboratorium digunakan 10 kelompok telur 2 ulangan dengan total telur setiap ulangan sebanyak 704 butir dan 876 butir Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa parasitoid tersebut berasal dari genus Aphanomerus dan tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp terhadap kelompok S. indecora di lapangan rata-rata 93.2%, sedangkan terhadap telumya di laboratorium mencapai 83% dan 77.2%.Kata kunci : Sanurus indecora. Aphanomerus sp.. Anacardium occidentale. parasitoid lelur ABSTRACTParasitoid of Aphonomcrus sp. on the insect pest of cashew leaves Sanurus indecora JacobiShoot sucking insect research on the parasitoid of Aphanomerus sp. (Platygastcridae, Hymenoplera) on Ihe eggs of insect pesl of cashew plant Sanurus indecora Jacobi was conducted in Lekok Rangan Village, Kayangan Subdistrict, lombok Barat Distict, West Nusa Tcnggara Province, in August lo October 2001 Ihe objective of the research were to identity (he parxsitoid mat came ou( from the eggs of S. indecora, to evaluate he role of Ore parasitoid on the eggs mass of S. indecora in the field and on (he eggs in (he lab (hat had not been parasitized. Five sample plants chosen to collect the eggs mass each plant 60 eggs mass While for the parasitized in (he lab used 10 eggs mass wi(h (he (o(al 704 eggs and 876 eggs. The results of (he research mdicaled (hat the parasitoid came from genus Aphanomerus, and the level of parasitized of Aphanomerus sp. on Sanurus indecora was 93 2% al the average, while on its eggs in the lab was 83% and 77 2%.Keywords Sanurus indecora, Aphanomerus sp. Anacardium occidentale. egg parasitoid

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