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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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HIBRIDISASI SILANG BALIK TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT "LINCAT" ABDUL RACHMAN SK; SRI RAHAYUNINGSih; GEMBONG DALMADIYO; SESANTI BASUKI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 4, No 5 (1999): Januari, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v4n5.1999.152-157

Abstract

Back cross hibridization of Temanggung tobacco for in¬ creasing the lincat disease resistanceThe back cross hibidization of Temanggung tobacco lines for increas¬ ing the " lincat" disease resistances was conducted Temanggung in 1997. The aim of this experiment was to produce some new Temanggung tobacco lines which ae resistant to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and bacteial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) and have high productivity and grade index. These treatments consisted of eleven selected tobacco lines from the segregating progenies of crossing beetween Virginia and Temanggung to¬ bacco and the two Temanggung tobacco cua'vars arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The esults of this experiment showed that thee new tobacco lines (BC3.C-51, BC3.C-86, BC3.SG-86) were esis¬ tant toMeloidogyne spp. and P. solanacearum. The productivity of BC3.C-86 and BC3.SG-86 lines inceased 60.12% and 38.69% compared with Genjah Kemloko line. The productivity of BC3.C-5I line was equal to Genjah Kemloko, its quality raised 9.18%, and early loweing (dwarf* 69.65 days).
TRANSFER GEN   -1,3-GLUCANASE DARI JAMUR Trichoderma asperillum PADA KALUS ABAKA UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM RULLY DYAH PURWATI; LILIEK SULISTYOWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.24-30

Abstract

ABSTRAKKendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman abaka (Musa textilis Nee.)adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporumf.sp cubense (Foc). Upaya perbaikan sifat ketahanan tanaman abakamelalui persilangan sulit dilakukan karena keragaman genetiknya sempitakibat  pola  perbanyakan  secara  vegetatif  yang  terus-menerus.Transformasi gen ketahanan β-1,3-Glucanase merupakan salah satualternatif untuk memperbaiki sifat ketahanan tanaman dengan bantuanvektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Gen   -1,3-Glucanase diisolasi darijamur endofit Trichoderma asperillum yang diketahui antagonis terhadapFusarium oxisporum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengintroduksi gen β-1,3 Glucanase pada tanaman abaka, sebagai tahap awal untuk memperolehtanaman abaka tahan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Univer-sitas Brawijaya dan Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat, mulai Juni 2007 sampai dengan Mei 2009.Penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahap sebagai berikut: transfer gen   -1,3-Glucanase pada kalus abaka embriogenik, regenerasi tunas dan planletabaka transforman, dan konfirmasi planlet abaka transforman yangmengandung gen Gus dan   -1,3-Glucanase. Transfer gen dilakukanmelalui vektor A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 yang mengandung plasmidpB2GW7 berisi gen-gen   -1,3-Glucanase, Gus (  -glucuronidase) sebagaigen pelapor dan Bar (Basta resistance) sebagai gen penyeleksi. Kalusabaka klon UB-13 embriogenik berukuran 3 x 3 x 3 mm 3 direndam dalamsuspensi A. tumefaciens, kemudian ditanam pada media kokultivasi selama2 hari. Setelah kokultivasi, kalus dipindahkan ke media MS cair+Timentin100 ppm selama 2 minggu. Selanjutnya kalus dipindahkan ke mediainduksi kalus (MK) yaitu MS + BAP 5 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0,4 mg/l +vitamin C 100 mg/l + Basta 50 ppm + Timentin 100 ppm. Regenerasitunas dilakukan dengan memindahkan kalus transforman ke media induksitunas (MT): MS+BAP 0,5 mg/l + vitamin C 100 mg/l dengan penambahandan tanpa Timentin 100 ppm. Tunas transforman dengan tinggi 2-3 cmdipindahkan ke dalam media induksi akar (MA) : MS + arang aktif 2 g/ldengan penambahan dan tanpa Timentin 50 ppm. Keberadaan gen Gusdideteksi dengan reaksi histokimia, dan konfirmasi keberadaan gen   -1,3-Glucanase dilakukan dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Daripenelitian berhasil diperoleh 2% kalus transforman yang lolos seleksiBasta. Hasil konfirmasi keberadaan gen Gus pada planlet transformanmenunjukkan 9 dari 20 (45%) planlet yang diuji, positif mengandung genGus. Konfirmasi keberadaan gen   -1,3-Glucanase dengan PCRmenunjukkan hanya 2 dari 20 planlet transforman, positif mengandung   -1,3-Glucanase. Pengujian ketahanan dari plantlet transgenik tersebut perludilakukan terhadap Fusarium oxisporum f.sp cubense (Foc).Kata kunci: Musa textilis Nee., transformasi gen,   -1,3-Glucanase,Agrobacterium tumefaciens, penyakit, jamur patogen,FusariumABSTRACTThe main constraint of abaca (Musa textilis Nee.) cultivation isinfection of wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense(Foc). The effort to improve abaca resistance through hybridization is stilldifficult due to narrow genetic variability resulted from continuousvegetative multiplication. Transformation of   -1,3-Glucanase resistancegene is an alternative way to improve character of genetic resistance withhelp of Agrobacterium oxisporum. The research aimed at introducing   -1,3-Glucanase gene to abaca plants prior to obtaining the plants resistanceagainst Fusarium wilt diseases. The research was conducted inBiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya Universityand Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre CropsResearch Institute, from June 2007 to May 2009. This experimentconsisted of three steps, namely:   -1,3-Glucanase gene transfer onto abacaembriogenic calli, regeneration of transgene abaca shoots and plantlets,and confirmation of transgene abaca plantlets containing Gus and   -1,3-Glucanase genes. Gene transfer was performed using A. tumefaciensvector strain LBA4404 with pB2GW7 containing genes of   -1,3-Glucanase and Gus (  -glucuronidase) as reporter, and Bar (Bastaresistance) as selector marker. Embriogenic calli of abaca clone UB-13were soaked in A. tumefaciens suspension and then cultured in co-cultivation medium for two days. After co-cultivation, calli weretransferred to liquid of MS medium + 100 ppm Timentine for two weeks.Furthermore, the calli were sub-cultured into callus induction medium :MS + 5 mg BAP/l + 0.4 mg Thidiazuron/l + 100 mg vitamin C/l + 50 ppmBasta + 100 ppm Timentine. Shoots regeneration was conducted bytransferring transgene calli to shoot induction medium : MS + 0.5 mg/lBAP + 100 mg vitamin C/l with and without addition of 100 ppmTimentine. Transgene shoots with 2-3 cm height were sub-cultured to rootinduction medium : MS + 2 g active charcoal/l with and without additionof 50 ppm Timentine. Detection of Gus gene was conducted usinghistochemical reaction, while confirmation of   -1,3-Glucanase gene wasperformed by PCR. This project resulted in 2% transgene calli passingBasta selection. Nine out of 20 plantlets (45%) confirmed the existance ofGus gene. PCR results showed that only 2 out of 20 transformed plantlets positively contained   -1,3-Glucanase gene. The plantlets resistanceagainst Fusarium oxisporum f.sp cubense (Foc) needs to be evaluated.Key words: Musa textilis Nee, gene transformation,   -1,3-Glucanase,Agrobacterium tumefaciens, plant disease, fungal disease,Fusarium
KAJIAN KELAYAKAN USAHATANI POLA TANAM SAMBILOTO DENGAN JAGUNG EKWASITA RINI PRIBADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n3.2007.98-105

Abstract

ABSTRAKSambiloto (Andrografis paniculata Nees) secara alami hidup suburdi antara tegakan hutan. Hal ini megindikasikan bahwa tanaman ini toleranterhadap naungan. Kajian pola tanam jagung dan sambiloto diharapkanmendorong efisiensi produksi dan meningkatkan daya saing. Percobaandilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cimanggu Bogor pada tanah Latosol,ketinggian 240 m dpl, tipe iklim A. Penanaman pada bulan Nopember2003 dan panen mulai bulan Maret 2004 selama 5 kali panen denganselang setiap 2 bulan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok(RAK) 6 kali ulangan dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu : (1) monokultursambiloto, (2) sambiloto + jagung jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, (3)sambiloto + jagung jarak tanam 120 cm x 20 cm, (4) sambiloto + jagungjarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm. Bibit sambiloto disemaikan selama 2 bulandan ditanam dengan jarak tanam 30 cm x 40 cm, dipupuk dengan 10 tonpupuk kandang, 150 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, dan 150 kg KCl per ha.Pupuk kandang, SP-36, dan KCl seluruhnya diberikan pada saat tanam.Urea diberikan masing-masing 1/3 bagian pada umur 0, 1, dan 2 BST(Bulan Sesudah Tanam). Untuk setiap ha tanaman jagung dipupuk dengan5 ton pupuk kandang, 300 kg SP-36, dan 200 kg KCl yang diberikan padasaat tanam, dan 300 kg urea diberikan masing-masing 1/2 bagian padaumur 0, dan 1 BST. Benih jagung (Hibrida lokal R-01) ditanam 2 butir perlubang tanam, ditanam 2 kali selama musim tanam yaitu pertama 2 minggusebelum penanaman sambiloto, dan penanaman kedua 75 hari setelahpenanam jagung yang pertama. Data input-output usahatani dianalis secaradeskriptif dilanjutkan dengan analisis B/C rasio dan sensitivitas. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan mutu simplisia semua pola tanam memenuhistandard Materia Medika Indonesia. Produktivitas sambiloto per m 2 makinmenurun dengan kerapatan pola tanam; pada pola monokultur diperolehhasil 1,1 kg/m 2 sedangkan pada pola tanam dengan jagung jarak tanam 90cm x 20 cm menghasilkan 0,5 kg/m 2 terna basah. Produktivitas jagung perm 2  meningkat dengan makin rapatnya pola tanam yaitu mencapai 13,3tongkol pada jagung jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, dan 22,2 tongkol padajarak tanam jagung 90 cm x 20 cm. Biaya produksi sambiloto sebagianbesar untuk bibit (Rp. 300/tanaman); biaya bibit tertinggi pada pola tanammonokultur yaitu 66,5% dari total biaya usahatani dan terendah pada polatanam dengan jagung jarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm yaitu 36%. Untukmenekan biaya usahatani disarankan petani melakukan penyemaian benihsendiri. Pola tanam sambiloto dengan jagung jarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm,paling layak secara finansial dengan pendapatan bersih mencapaiRp1.188.360 dan B/C rasio 1,45 per 1.000 m2 lahan dan memberikansumbangan lebih dari 20% terhadap pendapatan petani sebagai managerusahatani, mempunyai daya adaptasi yang cukup fleksibel terhadapperubahan biaya produksi dan harga produk, serta memberikan tambahanpendapatan bersih (keuntungan sebesar) Rp.51.675/1.000 m 2 lahandibandingkan pola monokultur.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrografis paniculata Nees, jagung, polatanam,usahatani, produksi, Jawa BaratABSTRACTFeasibility study of king bitter and corn cropping patternKing bitter (Andrografis paniculata Nees) is naturally grown wildlyunder forest trees. This indicates that the plant is shade tolerant. Thecropping pattern of the plant with corn was expected to improve itsproduction efficiency and compatibility. The experiment was conducted inthe Cimanggu Experimental Garden Bogor, Latosol soil type, elevation240 m above sea level, climate type A of Schmidt and Fergusson. Plantingwas done November 2003. The experiment was designed in a randomizedblock with 6 replications. Treatments were (1) monoculture of king bittercropping pattern, (2) king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 150 cm x 20cm) cropping pattern, (3) king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 120 cm x20 cm) cropping pattern, (4) king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 90 cmx 20 cm) cropping pattern. King bitter was planted at 30 cm x 40 cmspacing, fertilized with 10 tons manure + 150 kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl and150 kg urea fertilizer was applied one of third dosage in 0, 1, and 2 monthsafter planting. Corn was grown twice during the experiment; first wasplanted 2 weeks prior to planting of the king bitter, and second was 75days after the first planting. Corn was fertilized with 5 tons manure + 300kg SP36 + 200 kg KCl per ha, and 300 kg urea fertilizer was applied halfdosage in 0, and 1 months after planting. First harvest of the king bitterwas done in March 2004, followed with 5 harvests every 2 months.Farming efficiency was analyzed using descriptive analysis, B/C ratio andsensitivity analysis. The results showed that quality of dry raw material ofking bitter matched with MMI standard. Productivity of king bitterdecreased by the increasing population of corn in cropping pattern, inmonoculture bitter king productivity was 1.1 kg/m 2 decreased to 0.5 kg/m 2in cropping pattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 90 cm x 20 cm).In opposite, the productivity of corn increased by the increasingpopulation of corn in cropping pattern, that were 13.3 cobs/m 2 in croppingpattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 150 cm x 20 cm) increasedto 22.2 cobs /m 2  in cropping pattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing90 cm x 20 cm). Most of king bitter production cost (Rp. 300/polybag),isfor seedlings. In monoculture of king bitter, seedling cost of king bitterwas 66,5% of production cost, and in cropping pattern king bitter and corn(in a plant spacing 90 cm x 20 cm) the seedling cost was 36% ofproduction cost. To reduce production cost, farmers suggested to producethe seedlings by themselves. The study suggested that the best croppingpattern was king bitter planted with corn at 90 cm x 20 cm planting space.This cropping pattern financially acceptable as it raised income as much asRp.1,188,360, B/C ratio 1,45 per 1.000 m2 and gave more then 20% ofmanagement income which was more adaptable to fluctuation productioncost and price of product, and gave Rp. 51,675/1.000 m 2  net benefitcompared to monoculture of king bitterKey words: Sambiloto, Andrografis paniculata Nees, corn, croppingpattern, farming, production, West Java
PENGARUH CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT EMPAT NOMOR JAMBU MENTE (Anacardium occidentale. L.) DEVI RUSMIN; . SUKARMAN; . MELATI; MAHARANI HASANAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2002): Juni, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.49-54

Abstract

Ketersediaan air pada fasc pembibitan, merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas dalam pertumbuhan bibit jambu mente. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan nomor harapan jambu mente (Anacardium occidentale I..) yang toleran terhadap cekaman air, khususnya pada fase pembibitan Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, dari bulan Mei-Agustus 2001. Rancangan faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah empat nomor harapan jambu mente yaitu : F2-8, III 4/2, P 293 dan B 02, dan sebagai faktor kedua adalah enam tingkat cekaman air yaitu : 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% 70% dan 75% kapasitas lapang (KL) Parameter yang diamati meliputi: pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun, luas daun), bobot kering bibit (batang, daun dan akar), seta analisis kandungan prolin bebas. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa intcraksi nomor harapan dengan perlakuan cekaman air berbeda nyata terhadap kandungan prolin bebas. Kandungan prolin bebas tertinggi terdapat pada nomor B 0-2 pada cekaman air 50% KL, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan F2-8, sedangkan kandungan prolin terendah didapatkan pada nomor III 4/2 dengan cekaman air 75% KL. Faktor tunggal nomor harapan berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit dan bobot keing bibit jambu mente. Dari empat nomor harapan yang diuji didapatkan bahwa nomor F2-8 mempunyai pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun) dan bobot keing bibit yang paling tinggi dibandingkan nomor lainnya, sedangkan nomor B 0-2 mempunyai petumbuhan bibit (tinggi dan jumlah daun) dan bobot keing bibit yang paling rendah. Faktor tunggal tingkat cekaman air berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan bobot keing bibit. Dai enam tingkat cekaman air didapatkan bahwa sampai cekaman air 70% KL pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun, luas daun) tidak berbeda nyata, akan tetapi pada cekaman air 65% KL pertumbuhan dan bobot keing bibil berbeda nyata Berdasarkan petumbuhan bibit dan kandungan prolin bebas, dapat dikemukakan bahwa nomor F2-8. lebih toleran terhadap cekaman air dibandingkan dengan nomor lainnya.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, cekaman air, petumbuhan, fase bibit ABSTRACT Effect of water stress on the growth offour cashew line seedlings Water shortage during the seedling growth stage cashew is one of the limiting factors. Water available, has impotance rule on the growth of cashew seedling Anacardium occidentale L., especially when cashew is cultivated in the dry climate regions. Therefore, the evaluation of some promising lines to water stress was conducted. The main goal of this study was to ind out the promising cashew lines which tolerant to water stress: especially at seedling stages. The experiment was conducted in the green house of the Research Institute for Food Crop Biotechnology, and the laboratory of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from Mei to Agustus 2001. Factorial expeiment with two factors and three replications was arranged in a randomized completely block design (RCBD). The irst factor consisted of four promising lines, F2-8, III 4/2, P293 and B 0-2 The second factor was six levels of water stress (50% 55%, 60% 65% 70% and 75%) ield capacity (FC). Data observation included the growth of seedling (height of seedling, number of leaves, leaf area/plant), dry weight (seedling) and content of free proline. The results of the experiment indicated that interaction between promising lines and water stress significantly affected the proline content. The highest proline content was found on number B0-2 at 50 % FC, however, it was not signiicantly different from number F2-8, while the lowest proline content was found on number III4/2 at 75 % FC. The ree proline content was also increase as water available decrease. Single factor, promising lines and water stress were significantly affected to the growth of seedling. F 2-8 and III4/2 produced better on growth and dry weight of seedling Up to70% ield capacity (FC) the growth of seeding was obviously normal and did not signiicantly different among promising lines, however, bellow 65 % (FC) growth of seedling was significantly affected by water available. Base on the growth of seedling and proline content indicated that F2-8 were more tolerance to water stress compared to others lines.Keywords: Anacardium occidentale.L water stress, growth, seedling stage
PENGARUH CEKAMAN KURANG AIR TERHADAP BEBERAPA KARAKTER FISIOLOGIS TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth) SETIAWAN SETIAWAN; TOHARI TOHARI; DJA’FAR SHIDDIEQ
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.108-116

Abstract

ABSTRAKNilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu tanamanpenghasil minyak atsiri yang dikenal dengan minyak nilam (patchouli oil).Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam adalah pekaterhadap kekurangan air. Perubahan iklim cenderung menyebabkan lebihsering terjadi kekeringan di sejumlah wilayah termasuk Indonesia sehinggadalam pengembangan tanaman nilam diperlukan varietas toleran terhadapcekaman kurang air. Terdapat tiga varietas unggul nilam (Tapaktuan,Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe) dengan produksi minyak (290-375 kg/ha)dengan kadar patchouli alkohol 32–33%. Penelitian bertujuan untukmengevaluasi respon fisiologis 4 varietas/aksesi tanaman nilam terhadapcekaman kurang air. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca di Bogor padatahun 2012. Penelitian menggunakan RAK faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.Faktor  pertama  4  varietas/aksesi  nilam  (V)  yaitu  Sidikalang,Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, dan Bio-4. Faktor kedua empat intervalpenyiraman (W) yaitu 1, 3, 6, dan 9 hari sekali. Evaluasi pengaruhcekaman kurang air dilakukan terhadap beberapa karakter fisiologitanaman nilam. Pengamatan dilakukan antara lain terhadap peubah kadarlengas tanah, konduktivitas stomata (Gs), laju transpirasi (Tr), kandunganair nisbi (KAN), potensial air daun (PAD) dan kandungan prolin daun.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar lengas tanah,konduktivitas stomata, laju transpirasi, dan KAN pada semua varietas,sedangkan PAD dan kadar prolin meningkat seiring dengan semakinlamanya interval penyiraman. Kadar prolin tertinggi pada interval 9 harisekali pada varietas Sidikalang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan responvarietas/aksesi nilam yang diuji.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin Benth, cekaman kurang air, karakterfisiologis.ABSTRACTPatchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is one of plant that producespatchouli oil call patchouli oil. However, patchouli is susceptible todrought. The effect of global warming which changes rainfall patterncaused droughts in several regions including Indonesia. Therefore, it isimportant to find patchouli variety which is relatively tolerant to drought.Tapaktuan, Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe are three varieties of patchouliwhich produce high essential oil (290-375 kg/ha) with high patchoulialcohol content (32–33%). The objective of this research was to evaluatethe physiological responses of four varieties/clone of patchouli to drought.The experiment was conducted at greenhouse at Cimanggu, Bogor fromFebruary to July 2012. The research was designed in randomized factorialblock design (RBD) with three replications. The first factor was fourvarieties/clone of patchouli (V) Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, andBio-4. The second factor was four watering intervals (W) every 1, 3, 6and 9 days of watering. Parameters evaluated were physiologicalcharacteristics, soil moisture content, stomatal conductance, transpirationrate (Tr), leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline content ofleaf. The results showed that soil moisture content, stomatal conductivity,transpiration rate and relative water content decreased, while leaf waterpotential and proline levels increased along with the increase of wateringintervals. The highest proline level was at interval of nine days wateringtreatment on Sidikalang varieties. However, all varieties/clone have notdifferent responses to water deficit.Key words: Pogostemon  cablin  Benth,water  deficit,  physiologicalcharacteristics
EFEKTIVITAS NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN Steinernema sp. PADA HAMA UTAMA BEBERAPA TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN DAN HORTIKULTURA I G.A.A. INDRAYANI; A. A. AGRA GOTHAMA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 2 (2005): JUNI 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n2.2005.60-66

Abstract

ABSTRAKNematoda  entomopatogen  Steinernema  sp.  telah  banyakdimanfaatkan sebagai agens hayati untuk mengendalikan serangga hama diluar negeri, namun di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengevaluasi efektivitas 3 strain Steinernema sp. lokal terhadap beberapahama utama tanaman perkebunan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini dilakukandi Laboratorium Entomologi dan Kebun Percobaan, Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, Jawa Timur, mulai April 2001sampai Mei 2002. Tiga strain nematoda lokal, yaitu BT02, ML07, danAB05 diuji masing-masing pada konsentrasi 50; 100; 200; 400; dan 800Juvenil infektif (JI)/ml dan satu kontrol (tanpa JI). Sembilan spesiesserangga hama yang diuji yaitu Helicoverpa armigera, dan Pectinophoragossypiella (hama kapas), H. assulta dan Myzus persicae (tembakau),Plutella xylostella, dan Crocidolomia binotalis (kubis), Spodoptera exigua(bawang merah), Liriomyza sp. dan S. litura (bunga krisan). Setiap spesiesserangga mewakili satu unit pengujian. Setiap perlakuan dalam unitdisusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan.Aplikasi perlakuan dilakukan dengan metode vial, kultur sel, dan sumuran,tergantung perilaku serangga uji dan menggunakan spray chamber. Dilaboratorium, parameter yang diamati adalah sublethal (LC 25 ) dan lethalconcentration (LC 50 ), sublethal and lethal time (LT), dan produksi JI. Dilapang, hanya satu perlakuan tunggal yang digunakan yaitu LC 50 darisetiap strain nematoda. Sebanyak masing-masing 20 inang seranggadipajankan daun atau bagian tanaman yang telah disemprot dengansuspensi nematoda di lapang, kemudian serangga uji diamati dilaboratorium hingga mati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketigastrain nematoda menunjukkan efektif membunuh C. binotalis (BT02), P.xylostella, M. persicae (ML07), dan P. gossypiella (AB05), tetapi kurangefektif terhadap H. armigera (AB05), S. exigua dan S. litura (ML07), danLiriomyza sp. (BT02). Waktu efektif yang diperlukan nematoda untukmembunuh inang (Lethal Time) pada ketiga strain berkisar antara 1-4 hari.Selain efektif membunuh stadia larva, Steinernema sp. juga efektifterhadap prepupa dan pupa.Kata kunci : Tanaman  perkebunan,  hortikultura,  Steinernema  sp.,Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, H.assulta, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella, Crocidolomiabinotalis, Spodoptera exigua, S. litura, Liriomyza sp., juvenilinfektif, mortalitasABSTRACTEffectiveness of entomopathogenic nematode Steiner-nema sp. against major insect pests of plantation andhorticultureEntomopathogenic nematode of family Steinernematidae is aprospective agent for biological control of insect pests. It has been knownthat many species of insects can be infected by nematode and sometimesshowed different levels of infection. Laboratory and field study on theeffectiveness of Steinernema sp. against major insect pests of plantationand horticulture was carried out in Laboratory of Entomology andExperimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java. The objective was to find out theeffectiveness of three local strains of Steinernema sp. to any differentmajor of insect pests of plantation and horticulture. Three local strains ofnematode tested as BT02, ML07, and AB05 which each consist of fivelevel concentrations of IJ, viz. 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 IJ/ml and oneuntreated with IJ as control were tested against nine species of insect, viz.H. armigera, P. gossypiella (cotton), H. assulta and M. persicae (tobacco),P. xylostella and C. binotalis (cabbage), S. exigua (red onion), Liriomyzasp. and S. litura (chrysanthemum). Each species of insect was tested asone unit of test and treated with the same level of concentration. Eachtreatment in every unit of test was arranged in randomized completedesign with four replications. Application method of treatment used werevial, cell culture plate, and well, depends on insect behaviour. Nematodesuspension was applied by using spray chamber. Parameters observedwere sublethal and lethal concentration, sublethal and lethal time and IJproduction. In field study, only one single treatment LC 50 was used toobserve the insect mortality. In this study, twenty of insect hosts were fedon treated-sample leaves collected from the field and observed till death.The result showed that all strains of Steinernema sp. were morepathogenic and effective against C. binotallis (BT02), P. xylostella and M.persicae (ML07), and P. gossypiella (AB05), but less pathogenic againstH. armigera (AB05), S. exigua and S. litura (ML07), and Liriomyza sp.(BT02). Time needed (LT) to kill the insect host was ranged from one tofour days. Strains of nematode tested were not only effective against larvaebut also effective to kill prepupae and pupae of insect host.Key words : Estate crops, horticulture, Steinernema sp., H. armigera, P.gossypiella, H. assulta, M. persicae, P. xylostella, C.binotalis, S. exigua, Liriomyza sp, S. litura, infectivejuvenile, mortality
PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SETEK RIMPANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS GARUT (Maranta arundinacea L.) ROSITA SMD; MONO RAHARDJO; SUDIARTO SUDIARTO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 1 (2002): Maret, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n1.2002.1-6

Abstract

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) is usually propagated through young tillers or rhizome cuttings. A glass house and field tials were carried out at the Cimanggu Expeimental Insulation of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC), to assess 0k efect of rhizome patition and number of nodes of each parts on the viability of rhizomes, growth, productivity and starch content of arrowroot A clone of arrowroot (No. 17) collected from RISMC was used. One, two, three or four nodes of rhizomes cut at the base, middle or tip were used. A preliminary study was conducted in glass house from August to September 1999, where 40 samples of rhizomes were tested for their viability. Further study was conducted in the field from October 1999 to April 2000, to assess the growth, productivity and starch content of the rhizome from each treatment. The ield experiment was designed as a randomized block, arranged factorially in three replicates. The first factor was rhizome part (base, middle or tip) snd the second one was number of nodes (one, two, three or four nodes). Results showed that the highest percentage of plant growth, and seedling vigor of one month old were obtained from Uic four nodes tip rhizome cutting. At 6.5 month after planting the highest significant yield of resh rhizome was obtained from both base and middle parts rhizome cutting (324.04 and 326.46 g/hill), while the tip curling only produced 240.0 g/hill. The highest starch yield was obtained from the treatments of both the base and middle parts rhizome cutting i.e. 52.51 and 61.25 g/hill, while the tip cutting produced 47.19 g/hill. There was no interaction efect between the irst and the second factors on fresh rhizome yield. Highest signiicant fresh rhizome yield can also be obtained by using more than one node (320.96 - 337.69 g/hill), while a node cuting gave 198.65 g/hill only. Using base and middle rhizome cutting with 3 nodes gave the effective and eficient result, since it gave higher yield of the resh rhizome starch (70.38 and 72.41 g/hill).
PENGARUH JENIS DAN TARAF PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU PURWOCENG MUHAMAD DJAZULI; JOKO PITONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.40-45

Abstract

ABSTRAKMemenuhi kebutuhan bahan baku simplisia purwoceng (Pimpinellapruatjan) untuk industri jamu, dan mengurangi dampak eksplorasi dihutan sekitar pegunungan Dieng, perlu areal pengembangan purwocengyang baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan taraf dan jenispupuk organik yang optimal untuk peningkatkan produksi dan mutusimplisia purwoceng di KP Gunung Putri, Cianjur yang tanahnya berpasirdengan ketinggian 1.500 m dpl. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 12 kombinasi jenis dantaraf pupuk organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenispemupukan organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap komponen pertumbuhandan produksi biomas tanaman. Pemberian pukan ayam menghasilkanbobot daun, akar, dan total paling baik dibandingkan dengan pukankambing, pukan sapi dan pupuk kompos. Aplikasi pukan ayam dengantaraf yang rendah sebesar 0,24 kg/tanaman atau setara dengan 20 ton/hamempunyai efisiensi pemupukan yang paling tinggi dan tidak berbedanyata dengan aplikasi pemupukan yang lebih tinggi. Kadar sitosterol didalam daun terlihat lebih tinggi dibanding di dalam jaringan akar.Sebaliknya, kadar stigmasterol di dalam akar terlihat lebih tinggidibandingkan di dalam daun. Aplikasi pukan ayam dan pukan sapimenghasilkan kadar sitosterol yang lebih tinggi dibanding aplikasi pukankambing dan pupuk kompos. Sebaliknya, pupuk kompos dan pukankambing menghasilkan kadar stigmasterol yang lebih tinggi dibandingpukan ayam dan pukan sapi. Kondisi agroklimat dataran tinggi GunungPutri, Cianjur cukup sesuai untuk pengembangan baru purwoceng.Kata kunci : Pimpinella pruatjan, pupuk organik, taraf pupuk, produksi,mutuABSTRACTEffect of type and dosage of organic fertilizer(fertilization) on production and quality of pruatjanIn order to fulfill the demands of pruatjan raw materials for jamuindustry, and to minimize negative impact of over exploration of naturalpruatjan plants in the forest surrounding Mount Dieng areas, it is importantto search new plantation areas for the development of such plant. Thisresearch aimed to find out optimal combination of type and dosage oforganic fertilizer for increasing production and quality of pruatjan rawmaterial. A field experiment was conducted at Gunung Putri experimentalstation, Cianjur. The experiment was arranged using randomized blockdesign with four replicates, and the treatment consisted of twelvecombinations of type and dosage of organic fertilizer. The results showedthat type of organic fertilizer significantly affected plant growth andbiomass production. Application of chicken dung produced leaf, root, andtotal fresh and dry weights higher than those of sheep and cow dung, andcompost. The highest fertilization efficiency was found on the applicationof chicken dung at low dosage with 0.24 kg/plant (or equivalent with 20t/ha), however, it was not significantly different with that of higher level offertilizer application. Sitosterol content was slightly higher in leaves thanin roots. On the contrary, stigmasterol and total steroid in pruatjan rootswere higher than those in leaves. Application of chicken and cow dungproduced higher sitosterol content than those of sheep dung and compost.However, application of compost and sheep dung produced higherstigmasterol content than those of chicken and cow dung. Agroclimaticcondition of Gunung Putri highland, Cianjur is well suited for thedevelopment of new pruatjan plantation area.Key words : Pimpinella pruatjan, organic fertilizer, fertilizer level,production, quality
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KERAGAMAN BIOFISIK DAN FISIOLOGIS BENIH DENGAN VIGOR BENIH DAN BIBIT KAKAO HIBRIDA BAHARUDIN BAHARUDIN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 3 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n3.2014.158-168

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenentuan karakteristik biofisik guna menghasilkan benih dan bibit berkualitas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman hubungan mutu biofisik dan fisiologis benih terhadap vigor benih dan bibit kakao hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai November 2010, di Kebun Benih, Puslitkoka, Jember dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih IPB serta di rumah kacaBalai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor. Penelitianmenggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, lima jenis kakao hibrida danempat ukuran benih, dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman karakteristik biofisik benih kakao GC 7, ICS 13 dan 60,TSH 858 dan UIT 1 pada jumlah dan bobot benih sangat bervariasi. Keragaman hubungan karakteristik biofisik untuk panjang, diameter, tebal dan bobot per 100 benih optimal pada benih kakao ukuran besar GC 7, ICS60, dan TSH 858, sangat besar ICS 13 dan UIT 1. Ukuran benih berkaitan dengan mutu fisiologis perkecambahan benih, nilai, periode, daya, dan lajukecambah optimal ukuran benih sedang dan besar pada kakao GC 7, ICS60, dan TSH 858, ICS 13 dan UIT 1 pada ukuran benih sedang, besar dansangat besar. Ukuran benih berhubungan dengan daya hidup benih terbaikkakao GC 7, ICS 60, dan TSH 858 untuk ukuran sedang dan besar, ICS 13dan UIT 1 ukuran benih besar dan sangat besar. Pertumbuhan bibitberkaitan dengan panjang tunas, panjang akar, diameter batang, dan tunas,rasio bobot kering akar dan tunas terbaik kakao GC 7 dan TSH 858 padaukuran sedang dan besar, ICS 60 benih besar serta ICS 13 dan UIT 1ukuran besar dan sangat besar. Perkembangan hasil total bobot keringtunas, daun dan bibit, bobot kering akar, total bobot kering bibit, dan rasiobobot kering akar dan tunas (A:T) optimal pada benih ukuran sedang,besar dan sangat besar.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao, benih hibrida, matriconditioning, seleksibenih, vigor benihABSTRACTDetermination of biophysical and physiological characteristics ofseeds is essential in order to produce quality seeds and seedlings. Thestudy aims to determine the diversity of biophysical and physiologicalrelationship quality seed from the seed vigor and hybrid cacao seedlings.The experiment was conducted in May and November 2010. The studywas conducted at Seed Gardens, Puslitkoka, Jember and Seed LaboratoryScience and Technology IPB and in greenhouse Indonesian BiotechnologyResearch for Estate Crops, Bogor. The study used a randomized block design, five and four types of hybrida cocoa seed size, with four replications. The results showed the diversity of biophysical characteristicsof cacao seeds GC 7, ICS 13 and 60, TSH 858 and UIT 1 on number andweight of seeds. The diversity of the biophysical characteristics of therelationship to length, diameter, thickness and weight per 100 seeds on theoftimal size of a large cocoa seeds GC 7, ICS 60, and TSH 858, a verylarge ICS 13 and UIT 1. Size physiological seed quality associated withthe germination of seeds, value, period, the power, and the optimal rate ofgermination medium and large seed size in cocoa GC 7, ICS 60, and TSH858, ICS 13 and UIT 1 seed sizes medium, large and very large. Seed sizeassociated with the best seed vitality of cacao GC 7, ICS 60, and TSH 858for medium and large size, ICS 13 and UIT 1 large seed size and verylarge. Seedling growth related to the length of shoots, root length, stemdiameter, and shoots, root dry weight ratio and best buds of cacao GC 7and TSH 858 on medium and large size, large seed ICS 60 and ICS 13 andUIT 1 large and very large size. The development of the dry weight of thetotal yield of shoots, leaves and seeds, root dry weight, total dry weight ofthe seeds, and the ratio of dry weight of roots and shoots (A:T) on theoptimal size of the seed medium, large and very large.Key words: Theobroma cacao, hybrid seeds, matriconditioning, seedselection, seed vigor
WATER TRANSPORT AND GROWTH OF CASHEW (Anacardium occidentale L.) UNDER SOIL MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE JOKO PITONO; TSUDA MAKOTO; YOSHIHIKO HIRAI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 3 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.117-124

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe ability to adapt to soil mechanical impedance was considered to support cashew growing in drought prone areas, since those areas are sometimes aggravated by problem on soil mechanical impedance. The response of water transport and growth under soil mechanical impedance was  evaluated  at  two  productive  cashew  accessions.  Two  cashew accessions, A3-1, that adapt well to drought stress, and a local accession Pangkep, and four levels of soil bulk densities of 0.75 g cm-3, 0.90 g cm-3, 1.00 g cm-3 and 1.24 g cm-3 under sufficient soil moisture conditions, were arranged   in   factorially completely   randomized   design   with   five replications. The response of shoot and root growth, transpiration and hydraulic  conductance  were  evaluated.  The  results  showed  that  the accession of A3-1 indicated a better to maintain root growth under soil mechanical impedance that produced thick root/total root length ratio and xylem area/transvesal root area ratio more than Pangkep. On the other hand, A3-1 was faster in reducing leaf area than Pangkep when subjected to increased level of soil bulk density treatments. Although the hydraulic conductance was not varied among the cashew accessions and had not a specific response trend to soil bulk density treatments, however, the increase of diurnal transpiration induced by increased level of soil bulk density treatment in A3-1 was higher than it in Pangkep. It is suggested that the ability to regulate the root and shoot growth and water transport under soil mechanical impedance condition was better in A3-1 than in Pangkep. Moreover, it might be a part attribute of drought tolerance on A3-1 accession.Keywords: cashew, soil mechanical impedance, growth, water transport ABSTRAKTransportasi Air dan Pertumbuhan Jambu Mente (Anacardium occidentale L.) pada Berbagai Hambatan Mekanik TanahKemampuan  adaptasi  terhadap  hambatan  mekanik  tanah  diper- kirakan  membantu  pengembangan  jambu  mente  di  wilayah  berlahan kering, mengingat kondisi wilayah tersebut sering diperparah oleh masalah hambatan mekanik tanah. Respon transportasi air tanaman dan pertum- buhan terhadap hambatan mekanik tanah dievaluasi pada dua aksesi jambu mente.  Dua  aksesi  jambu  mete,  A3-1  yang  adaptif  terhadap  stres kekeringan dan aksesi lokal, Pangkep, serta 4 level padatan tanah 0.75 g.cm-3, 0.90 g.cm-3, 1.00 g.cm-3, dan 1.24 g.cm-3  dengan kondisi lengas tanah dijaga selalu cukup, disusun dalam rancangan faktorial acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Respon pertumbuhan akar dan tajuk, transpirasi, dan daya hantar air tanaman dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A3-1 lebih mampu menjaga pertumbuhan akar pada kondisi hambatan mekanik tanah dengan nilai rasio panjang akar tebal/panjang total akar dan rasio luas xylem/luas melintang akar lebih lebih besar daripada Pangkep. Pada sisi lain, A3-1 mengurangi luas daun lebih cepat dibanding Pangkep saat diberikan kenaikan perlakuan berat isi tanah. Meskipun tidak ada perbedaan daya hantar air tanaman di antara kedua aksesi dan tidak adanya pola respon spesifik terhadap perlakuan  padatan tanah, namun terjadi kenaikan transpirasi harian lebih besar pada A3-1 daripada Pangkep. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa kemampuan A3-1 mengatur pertumbuhan dan transportasi  air  saat  mengalami  hambatan  mekanik  tanah  lebih  baik daripada Pangkep. Hal ini mungkin merupakan bagian dari sifat toleransi terhadap kekeringan pada aksesi A3-1.Kata kunci:  jambu mente, hambatan mekanik tanah, pertumbuhan, transportasi air

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