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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PENGARUH PUPUK DAN JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAHE ASAL KULTUR JARINGAN HOBIR HOBIR; SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID; IKA MARISKA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 4, No 4 (1998): November, 1998
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v4n4.1998.129-134

Abstract

An alternative to produce healthy planting materials of ginger is through tissue cultue. However, the information on productivity and cultural practices or such mateial is still limited. Among the cultural aspects, fertilizer application and plant spacing mostly afect plant growth and yield. The objective of this study, was o evaluate the effect of fertilizer application and plant spacing on the growth and yield of rhizome. Planting materials (tissue culture and conventionally derived rhizomes) wee espectively planted in two plant spacings (60 cm x 40 cm and 40 cm x 30 cm) and applied with two levels of ertilizers (with and without fertilizer). The fertilizers applied were 40 tons stable manure and urea, TSP, and KCI wee 400 kg/ha. The expeiment was conducted in the Sukamulya Expeimental Station (Sukabumi)) rom August 1994 to  December 1995 in a split-split plot design in four replicates. Die main plot was ertilizer application, the sub plot was plant spacing and the sub-sub plot was planting material. The parameters used for evaluating the response of the plants to the treatments wee growth components (plant height stem circumeence, number of tillers and leaf size), and yield components (weight and size of rhizome). Results revealed that plants rom tissue culture generally showed the lower growth performances with lower yield and size of rhizomes, except in the number of tillers. The application of urea, TSP, and KCI at a respective rate of 400 kg/ha significantly increased plant height (rom 49 o 60 cm), stem circumerence (rom 2.2 o 2.6 cm) and weight of rhizome/clump (rom 206 o 379 g). Plant spacing did not affect any parameter observed. Interaction efect was shown between the source of planting materials and fertilizer application on the number of tillers and the thickness of rhizomes. For the plants rom tissue cultue ertilizer application significantly increase the number of tillers (rom 18 o 30 tillers/clump) and for those rom conventional rhizome the treatment did not afect the parameter. On the other hand, for the plants rom conventional rhizome ertilizer application improved the thickness of rhizome (rom 2.51 o 3.17 cm) while for those rom tissue cultue the teatment did not give any efect on the parameter. The thickness of rhizome was also afected by the interaction between fertilizer application and plant spacing. For the plant spacing of 40 cm x 30 cm, ertilizer application inceased the thickness of rhizome (from 1.68 to 2.11), while those of 60 cm x 40 cm, the teatment did not afected the parameter.
KEEFEKTIFAN FORMULA MINYAK CENGKEH DAN SERAI WANGI TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae PENYEBAB BUSUK BATANG VANILI MESAK TOMBE; DARMAWAN PANGERAN; TRI SAPTARI HARYANI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 4 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n4.2012.143-150

Abstract

ABSTRAKBusuk batang vanili (BBV) yang disebabkan oleh Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) merupakan patogen penting pada vanili danmenyebabkan kerugian besar setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Jumlahkerugian diperkirakan sebesar 3.000 ton atau sekitar US$ 16 juta.Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Kelti Hama danPenyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulanFebruari 2010 sampai Agustus 2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untukmengetahui pengaruh formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh danserai wangi terhadap penyakit BBV dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupanmikroorganisme tanah. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan penelitian dilaku-kan dalam 3 tahap yaitu : (1) uji formula in vitro, (2) uji formula in vivo,dan (3) uji dampak formula terhadap mikroorganisme tanah. Percobaantahap 1, 2, dan 3 masing-masing terdiri atas 10, 6, dan 6 perlakuan,dan.masing-masing disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan3 ulangan. Materi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) formuladengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh (formula standar), (2) formula denganbahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi (formula baru), dan (3)fungisida sintetis berbahan aktif mankozeb sebagai pembanding. Hasil ujiin vitro menunjukkan bahwa fungisida nabati CS (minyak cengkeh + seraiwangi) pada ke 3 tingkatan konsentrasi (terutama konsentrasi 400 ppm)memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam menghambat pertumbuhanmiselium dan produksi spora patogen Fov.F117 dibandingkan perlakuanlain dan kontrol. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan hal yang sama bahwafungisida nabati CS memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalammenekan intensitas serangan patogen BBV, terutama pada dosis aplikasi 5ml/l. Dampak perlakuan terhadap kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah (fungidan bakteri) memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida sintetismankozeb menghambat kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah 90-100% jikadibandingkan dengan kontrol. Populasi mikroorganisme tanah pada semuaperlakuan fungisida nabati lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan fungisidamankozeb. Populasi mikroorganisme pada aplikasi fungisida nabati padadosis 5 ml/l tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penelitian inimenunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida nabati minyak cengkehterutama jika dikombinasikan dengan minyak serai wangi mempunyaiprospek untuk digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit BBV denganinterval aplikasi 3-4 minggu sekali.Kata kunci : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp, vanillae, busukbatang vanili, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangiABSTRACTVanilla stem rot (VSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vanillae (Fov) is an important disease on vanilla and causes severe lossannually in Indonesia. The total annual loss in production due to the VSRwas estimated to be 3,000 ton or about US$ 16 million. This research wascarried out in the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease ofResearch Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from February2010 until August 2010. The objective of this research was to study theeffect of formula using active compounds of clove and citronella oils onthe VSR disease and its impact on the survival of soil microorganisms.The research activities were conducted in three stages, namely (1) in vitroformula test; (2) in vivo formula test, and (3) impact test of formula on thesoil microorganisms. Materials studied in this research were (1) formulawith active compound of clove oil (standard), (2) formula with activecompound of clove and citronella oils (new formula), and (3) syntheticfungicide with mancozeb active ingredient as comparison. Every phase ofthis 3 stage experiment was arranged using completely randomized designwith three replicates. First, second, and third phases of the experimentconsisted of 10, 6, and 6 treatments, respectively. In vitro test resultscarried out in the laboratory indicated that botanical formula CS (clove andcitronella oils of the three concentration levels, especially on the 400 ppm)showed high effectiveness on inhibiting mycelium growth and sporeproduction of Fov.F117 pathogen compared to other treatments andcontrol. In vivo test in the green house indicated the same result thatbotanical fungicide CS (clove dan citronella oils) showed higheffectiveness in suppressing VSR disease infection intensity, especially on5 ml/l dosage. Application of mancozeb synthetic fungicide inhibited 90 –100% soil microorganism livelihood compared to control. However, thesoil microorganism population on all botanical fungicides was higher thanon mancozeb fungicide. The microorganism population on the botanicalfungicide of 5 ml/l dosage was not significantly different from the control(natural soil with no treatment). This research indicates that aplication ofbotanical fungicide (combination between clove and citronella oils) with3 - 4 weeks interval is prospectous to control VSR disease.Key words : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum, f.sp. vanillae,vanilla stem rot, clove oil, citronella oil
PENGARUH PUPUK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA / Effect of Compound Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Virginia Tobacco Djajadi Djajadi; Sulis Nur Hidayati; Roni Syaputra
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 2 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n2.2016.91-98

Abstract

Tobacco Generally farmers in Lombok apply single fertilizer of ZA or Urea (as a source of N), and SP36 (as source of P), without combining with K and Mg fertilizers. The fertilizers are added more than twice with unappropriates doses. Application of compound fertilizer might increase growth, yield and quality of Virginia fc tobacco at Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, because the fertilizer consists of NPK macro nutrients which have important role for tobacco. The experiment was carried out at Kopang Rembiga village, Kopang District in 2014. The objective to was identify the effect of NPKMg compound fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of Virginia tobacco. Split Plot Design with three replicates was used to arrange treatments. Three varieties of Virginia tobacco (Coker 176, Coker 319 and NC 297) were set as main plots, and three rates of NPKMg fertilizer (60, 80 and 100 kg N/ha) were arranged as sub plots. Results showed that increasing of NPKMg fertilizer up to 100 kg N/ha increased growth, yield and quality of three varieties of Virginia tobacco. Addition of 100 kg N/ha NPKMg (100 kg N+ 60 kg P2O5 + 133 kg K2O + 13.34 kg MgO per hectare) gave the highest values of grade index and crop index of three varieties, thus the fertilizer could be recommended for Virginia tobacco in Lombok.
KANESIA 10 - KANESIA 13: EMPAT VARIETAS KAPAS BARU BERPRODUKSI TINGGI EMY SULISTYOWATI; SIWI SUMARTINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.24-32

Abstract

ABSTRAKProgram perbaikan varietas kapas bertujuan meningkatkanproduktivitas dan mutu serat. Sembilan hasil persilangan kapas tahun 1997dan 1998 yang melibatkan dua tetua dari Amerika Serikat (DeltapineAcala 90 dan Deltapine 5690), tiga tetua dari India (LRA 5166, Pusa 1,dan SRT 1), dan satu tetua dari Asia Tengah (Tashkent 2) telah melaluitujuh pengujian di Jawa Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan SulawesiSelatan untuk menilai potensi produksi, mutu serat, dan tingkat ketahananterhadap beberapa hama di lahan tadah hujan dengan atau tanpa diproteksidengan insektisida. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok(RAK) yang diulang tiga kali dalam kondisi diproteksi ataupun tanpadiproteksi dengan insektisida pada petak-petak percobaan berukuran 40-50m2 dengan jarak tanam (100 x 25) cm. Pengendalian hama pada ulanganulanganyang diproteksi dengan insektisida adalah penambahan insektisidabenih Imidachloprit 10 ml/kg benih dan pengendalian hama H. armigerasebanyak 5-6 kali menggunakan pestisida nabati Organeem (Azadirachtin1%). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Kanesia 10 – Kanesia 13mampu berproduksi lebih tinggi apabila diproteksi dengan insektisidadengan potensi produksi berturut-turut 19,32, 21,75, 17,05, dan 21,7%lebih tinggi dari Kanesia 8, dan rata-rata produktivitas berturut-turutadalah 2.457,2, 2.507,3, 2.410,5, dan 2.506,8 kg kapas berbiji per hektar.Kanesia 10 dan Kanesia 11 memiliki kandungan serat berturut-turut 27,2%dan 8,11% lebih tinggi dibandingkan Kanesia 8. Pada rekayasa Kanesia10 - Kanesia 13 ini tidak diperoleh kemajuan genetik yang nyata padaparameter mutu serat, akan tetapi mutu serat dari empat galur tersebut diatas memenuhi kriteria industri tekstil yaitu dengan rata-rata karakteristikmutu serat yaitu panjang serat 26,92 – 29,34 mm, kekuatan 27,13 – 29,50g/tex, kehalusan 4,38-5,08 micronaire, dan keseragaman serat 83,3 –84,6%.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, kemajuan genetik, produktivitas, mutuseratABSTRACTKanesia 10- Kanesia 13: Four New High Yielding Cotton VarietiesThe cotton breeding program is focusing on the increase ofproductivity and fiber properties. The 1997 and 1998 crossing programinvolving two parents introduced from the United States of America(Deltapine Acala 90 and Deltapine 5690), three parents introduced fromIndia (LRA 5166, Pusa 1, and SRT 1), and one variety originated fromCentral Asia (Tashkent 2), have resulted in nine crosses which had beentested in seven locations at East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, and SouthSulawesi to evaluate their yield potentials, fiber properties, and resistancelevel to insect pests on rainfed areas with or without protection.Experiments were arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with threereplications either with or without insecticide spray on 40-50 m2 plots with(100 x 25) cm planting space. Insect controls were done by treating cottonseed with 10 ml Imidachloprit per kg seed and 5-6 applications ofbotanical pesticide Organeem (Azadirachtin 1%). Experimental resultsshowed that Kanesia 10-Kanesia 13 yield better when insects arecontrolled. Their yield potentials are 19.32, 21.75, 17.05, and 21.7%higher than Kanesia 8, respectively, and means of yield are 2,457.2,2,507.3, 2,410.5, and 2,506.8 kg seed cotton, respectively. Kanesia 10 andKanesia 11 have 27.2 and 8.11% higher gin turnout, respectively thanKanesia 8. On the engineering of Kanesia 10-Kanesia 13, there is noimprovement on the fiber properties, although they meet the textileindustries’ criteria i.e. staple length 26.92 – 29.34 mm, fiber strength 27.13– 29.50 g/tex, fiber fineness 4.38-5.08 micronaire, and uniformity ratio83.3 – 84.6%.Key words : Gossypium hirsutum, genetic improvement, productivity,fiber properties
IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTER MORFO-FISIOLOGI PENENTU PRODUKTIVITAS JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale) IRENG DARWATI; ROSITA S.M.; SETIAWAN SETIAWAN; HERA NURHAYATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 4 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n4.2013.186-193

Abstract

ABSTRAKProduktivitas jambu mete di Indonesia masih rendah karenabudidayanya yang masih sederhana dan belum menggunakan bahantanaman unggul. Hasil tanaman ditentukan oleh beberapa karakter morfo-fisiologi seperti luas dan tebal daun, jumlah stomata, laju fotosintesis,kandungan klorofil, relative water content (RWC), dan potential osmotikdaun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter morfo-fisiologiyang menentukan hasil jambu mete. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KebunPercobaan Cikampek dan Laboratorium, Balittro, Bogor, Jawa Barat, padabulan Januari-Desember 2012. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah duavarietas jambu mete produksi tinggi (B02 dan GG1) dan tiga varietasproduksi rendah (Laode Gani, Laode Kase, dan Laura). Tanamandibedakan dalam tiga kelompok umur (5, 8, dan 17 tahun). Parameter yangdiamati karakter morfologi seperti ketebalan daun (μm), luas daun (cm 2 ),produksi gelondong (kg/tanaman), berat kering daun (g/daun), anatomi(jumlah stomata), dan parameter fisiologi meliputi kandungan klorofil(a+b) (%), laju fotosintesis (μmol CO 2  m -2 s -1 ), karbohidrat daun (%),potensial air daun (bar), dan Relative Water Content (RWC) (%). Untukmengetahui parameter morfo-fisiologi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadapproduksi dilakukan uji komponen penentu hasil, yaitu peubah morfo-fisiologi terhadap produksi gelondong mete. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanpeubah klorofil tanaman jambu mete berpengaruh nyata antar aksesi. Hasilanalisis antar peubah morfo-fisiologi dan komponen hasil menunjukkanhanya peubah klorofil yang berkorelasi positif terhadap hasil gelondongaksesi jambu mete yang berproduktivitas tinggi. Fungsi hasil digambarkandalam formula ln hasil gelondong = 2,01 + 11,0 ln klorofil , sedangkan pada aksesiyang produktivitasnya rendah peubah klorofil tidak berpengaruh nyata.Fungsi ini mengindikasikan apabila kandungan klorofil meningkat 1%maka produksi gelondong akan meningkat 11%.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, karakter morfo-fisiologi, produksiABSTRACTCashew productivity in Indonesia is still low, due to impropercultivation technique and the use of unimproved varieties. Crop yield isdetermined by several morpho-physiological characters such as leaf area,leaf thickness, the number of stomata, the rate of photosynthesis,chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), and leaf osmoticpotential. This study aimed to obtain morpho-physiological charactersaffecting cashew production. The research was conducted in the CikampekExperimental Station and in the Laboratory, ISMECRI, Bogor, West Java,from January to December 2012. The plant material used were twoselected high-yielding varieties (B02 and GG1) and three low-yieldingvarieties (Laode Gani, Laode Kase, and Laura). The plants were dividedinto three age groups (5, 8, and 17 years). Parameters measured weremorphological characteristics such as leaf thickness (µm), leaf area (cm 2 ),leaf dry weight (g/leaf), and nut yield (kg/tree), as well as anatomicalcharacteristic such as the number of stomata, and physiological parametersconsisted of chlorophyll content (a+b) (%), photosynthetic rate (µmol CO2m -2 s -1 ), leaf carbohydrate content (%), leaf water potential (bar) andrelative water content (RWC) (%). Data were analysed using componenttest to find morpho-physiological characteristics which was affecting nutyield. The result showed chlorophyll content was significantly affected nutyield among varieties as shown in the following function: ln nut yield = 2.01 +11.0 ln chlorophyll . The result indicated that when the chlorophyll contentincreased 1% the nut yield would increase 11%.Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, morpho-physiological characteris-tic, production
IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI KAPASITAS REPRODUKSI PARASITOID TELUR ULAT PENGGEREK BUAH MERAH JAMBU PADA TANAMAN KAPAS DWI ADI SUNARTO; NURINDAH NURINDAH; SUJAK SUJAK
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 3 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n3.2005.94-100

Abstract

ABSTRAKPectinophora gossypiella merupakan salah satu hama utamatanaman kapas yang menyerang dengan cara menggerek buah. Mulaistadia larva kecil hingga pupa berada di dalam buah. Perilaku tersebutmenjadi salah satu sebab kurang efektifnya beberapa cara pengendalian P.gossypiella dengan sasaran stadia larva. Untuk itu, peluang yangdiharapkan akan memberikan hasil pengendalian yang lebih baik adalahsasaran pada stadia telur yaitu antara lain pemanfaatan parasitoid telur.Dari hasil eksplorasi telah diperoleh parasitoid telur Trichogrammatidaeyang berasal dari pertanaman kapas di Lamongan dan Asembagus, JawaTimur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies parasitoidtelur P. gossypiella dan kapasitas reproduksinya. Penelitian inidilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malangpada bulan Maret - Desember 2002. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaparasitoid telur Trichogrammatidae yang muncul dari telur P. gossypiellayang berasal dari kedua lokasi, berasal dari spesies yang sama dan berbedadengan spesies T. armigera yang memarasit telur H. armigera.Berdasarkan kapasitas reproduksinya, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae N & Nberpotensi sebagai agens hayati pengendali ulat penggerek buah kapasmerah jambu P. gossypiella.Kata kunci : Kapas,  Gossypium  hirsutum,  hama,  Pectinophoragossypiella,  parasitoid  telur,  Trichogrammatidae,  lajupertumbuhanABSTRACTIdentification and reproduction capacity test of eggparasitoid pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiellaSaunders on cottonPectinophora gossypiella is one of main pests of cotton. It attacksthe boll since small larvae until pupae and the insect is located in the boll.This could be the reason why any control actions targeted to the larvaewere not effective. Therefore, the use of egg parasitoid to control thebollworm population would be more promising. Exploration of the eggparasitoid of the bollworm was done in Lamongan and Asembagus, EastJava. The parasitoids were considered as new locality report. This studywas to identify egg parasitoid of P. gossypiella and to study theirreproduction capacity. The study was conducted in Biological ControlLaboratory of IToFCRI Malang, March – December 2002. The studyincluded identification morphologically and biosystematically. The resultsshowed that Trichogrammatid emerged from P. gossypiella egg collectedfrom Asembagus (Trichogrammatoidea sp-A) and Lamongan (Trichogra-mmatoidea sp-L) were the same species. Based on the reproductioncapacity of the parasitoids, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae N & N werepotential as biological control agent for P. gossypiella.Key words : Cotton,  Gossypium  hirsutum,  pest,  Pectinophoragossypiella, egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatidae, intrinsicrate
Pestalotiopsis desseminata PADA JAMBU MENTE BIOLOGI DAN INTERAKSINYA DENGAN Helopeltis antonii ESTHER M. ADHI; SUPRIADI SUPRIADI; S. RAHAYUNINGSIH; D. KILIN; NURI KARYANI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 6, No 3 (2000): Desember, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v6n3.2000.66-72

Abstract

Pestalotiopsis desseminata on cashew: its biology and interaction with Helopeltis antoniiPestalotiopsis desseminata is one of pathogens causing leaf spots. die-back of shoots and inflorescence of cashew plant. It is assumed there is an interaction between the attack of Helopeltis antonii and the fungus in Ihe ield so that the damage becomes more devastating. The objectives of (his research were to investigate several aspects of fungal biology (pathogenicity, mycelial growth, acervuli production, sensitivity to fungicides) and its interaction with //. antonii. The esearch was carried out from April 1999 to March 2000 at the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease Department Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor. /' desseminata was diectly isolated from cashew leaves. Pathogenicity test of P. desseminata isolate was conducted on cashew seedlings. The fungal growth and fungicide effects were carried out in vitro on agar medium. The interaction between P. desseminata and H. antonii was examined by inoculating the fungus and insect, either individually or in combination, on cashew seedlings. The results showed that P. desseminata isolate fomis black spherical acervuli containing oblongs conidia with 5 cells, and the outermost cell has 3 flagellate. Acervuli could only be produced on the cultue illuminated continuously by 600 lux translucent lamp. Pathogenicity test of several isolates of /' desseminata on cashew seedlings caused spherical leaf spot symptom, individually or coalesced as bigger leaf spots. In vitro fungal mycelia growth could be suppressed by several fungicides, including bcnomyl 50% (I ppm) and Uiiopanate-mcthyl 70% (10 ppm) Combining inoculation between P. desseminata and //. antonii resulted in moe severe (devastating) die-back compared with individually inoculated.
KERAGAAN MORFOLOGI DAN HASIL 60 INDIVIDU JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERPILIH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN PAKUWON SUKABUMI R.R. SRI HARTATI; A. SETIAWAN; B. HELIYANTO; D. PRANOWO; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.152-161

Abstract

ABSTRAKDi Indonesia, jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanamanpenting untuk menghasilkan biofuel. Dari biji tanaman ini dapatdiekstraksi bahan bakar biokerosen dan biodiesel. Tetapi potensi hasiltanaman ini perlu ditingkatkan agar pemanfaatannya dapat mempunyainilai komersial. Peningkatan potensi hasil tanaman jarak pagar dapatdilakukan dengan program pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian yangdilakukan adalah mengevaluasi karakter vegetatif dan generatif sertapotensi hasil dari individu J. curcas hasil seleksi di Kebun Induk JarakPagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. Penelitian ini juga mempelajari korelasi antarakarakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari tanaman yangdievaluasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya digunakan untuk meng-identifikasi individu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tetuapotensial untuk program pengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdayahasil tinggi. Tanaman yang dievaluasi berasal dari 20 genotipe terpilihyang berasal dari Lampung, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Nusa TenggaraBarat dan Sulawesi. Genotipe-genotipe tersebut diseleksi berdasarkan hasiluji provenan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Dari setiap genotipeterpilih diambil tiga butir benih. Benih-benih tersebut kemudiandikecambahkan di tempat pembibitan yang terkontrol dan setelah berumur2 bulan bibit ditanam di lapangan pada tanggal 22 Mei 2007. Karaktervegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari individu-individu yangdievaluasi dimonitor selama satu tahun (1 Agustus 2007 – 31 Juli 2008).Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan tanaman-tanaman yang diuji(merupakan keturunan dari 20 genotipe J. curcas hasil seleksi), bervariasipada karakter tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, dan percabangan. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut juga menunjukkan variasi pada umur berbunga, jumlahinfloresen, jumlah tandan buah, jumlah buah, dan jumlah biji serta kadarminyak biji. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah infloresen, dan jumlah tandan buahberkorelasi positif dengan hasil buah dan biji per tanaman. Sementara ituumur berbunga berkorelasi negatif dengan semua karakter generatif.Berdasarkan karakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasilnya,teridentifikasi tiga individu yang berpotensi sebagai tetua untukpengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Individu-individu tersebut adalah HS 49-2, PT 13-2, dan PT 15-1. Ketiga individutersebut menghasilkan lebih dari 350 buah per tanaman dan kadarminyaknya berkisar antara 36 – 38%.Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., evaluasi lapangan, seleksi fenotip,analisis korelasi, karakter vegetatif, karakter generatif, dayahasil, kandungan minyak bijiABSTRACTMorphologies and Yield Performances of 60 SelectedGenotypes of Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) at PakuwonExperimental Station, SukabumiPhysic nut (Jatropha curcas L) is an important biofuelproducing crops in Indonesia. Biokerosene and biodiesel fuel could beextracted from seeds of this crop. Yield potential of this crop needs to beincreased in order to meet its commercial usage. Such yield potentialimprovement could be achieved through plant breeding program. Theobjectives of this research were to evaluate vegetative and generativecharacters and yield potentials of selected individual of J. curcas at KebunInduk Jarak Pagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. This research was also intended toanalyze correlation among vegetative and generative characters and yieldpotentials of the evaluated genotypes. Subsequently, the collected datawere used to identify individual crop that can be used as potential parentgenotypes for developing new high yielding J. curcas cultivar. Theevaluated genotypes were derived from 20 selected parent plantsoriginated from Lampung, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara,and Sulawesi. The genotypes were selected based on provenance trials inthe previous experiment. Three seeds were collected from each parentplant and were germinated in the controlled seed nursery conditions. Theseedlings were planted in the field on May 22, 2007 when they were 2months old. Vegetative and generative characters and yield potentials ofthe evaluated individuals were monitored for one year (August 1, 2007 toJuly 31, 2008). Results of the experiments indicated the tested genotypesderived from 20 selected J. curcas parent plants exhibited variabilities intheir height, stem girth, and branches characters. They also exhibited highvariabilities in their time of flowering, number of inflorescence, number ofbunches, number of fruits and nut per plant, and their oil contents. Plantheight, number of inflorescence, and number of bunches were positivelycorrelated with yield of fruits and nuts per plants. Meanwhile, time offlowering was negatively correlated with all generative characters. Basedon their vegetative and generative characters and their yield potentials,three genotypes were identified as the new potential parents for developinghigh yielding J. curcas cultivar. They were HS 49-2, PT 13-2, and PT 15-1. These newly selected genotypes yielded more than 350 fruits per plantwith 36 – 38 % seed oil content in their first year.Key words : Jatropha curcas L., field evaluation, phenotypic selection,correlation  analysis,  vegetative characters,  generativecharacters, seed yield, oil content
KERAGAMAN GENETIKA VARIAN ABAKA YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN ETHYLMETHANE SULPHONATE (EMS) RULLY DYAH PURWATI; SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO; ENDANG KARTINI; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n1.2008.16-24

Abstract

ABSTRAKMutasi in vitro dengan perlakuan mutagen dapat digunakan untukmeningkatkan keragaman genetika abaka melalui keragaman somaklonal.Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk: (1) menentukan konsentrasioptimum EMS untuk induksi keragaman somaklonal dalam kultur kalusembriogen abaka, (2) meregenerasikan bibit abaka varian dari kalusembriogen yang diberi perlakuan EMS, dan (3) mengevaluasi tipe danfrekuensi keragaman karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif di antara populasitanaman mutan abaka yang diperoleh dari regenerasi kalus embriogenyang diberi perlakuan EMS. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Agustus2003 sampai Agustus 2006 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan KebunPercobaan Karangploso, Malang pada Balai Penelitian TanamanTembakau dan Serat, Malang (Balittas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa 0,6% EMS merupakan konsentrasi optimum karena padakonsentrasi tersebut diperoleh keragaman somaklonal paling banyak.Varian yang diperoleh menunjukkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatifabnormal. Tipe varian tersebut umumnya bersifat negatif dan kurangmenguntungkan dibandingkan dengan populasi standar. Tipe dan frekuensikeragaman kualitatif dan kuantitatif pada klon Tangongon berbeda denganklon Sangihe-1, mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh genotipe terhadapkeragaman somaklonal. Varian dari abaka klon Tangongon denganproduksi serat tertinggi (161,0 g dan 154,0 g/tanaman) diperoleh dariperlakuan EMS 0,3% (T1 28.1.1 dan T1 11.2.2), sedangkan dari klonSangihe-1, hasil serat tertinggi (35,0 g dan 40,0 g/tanaman) diperoleh dariperlakuan EMS 0,6% (S4 28.1.0 dan S4 56.2.0). Produktivitas tersebutlebih rendah dibandingkan dengan produksi serat tanaman kontrol klonTangongon (193,0 g/tanaman) dan Sangihe-1 (70 g/tanaman).Kata kunci : Abaka, Musa textilis, keragaman somaklonal, EMS, muta-genesis, in vitro, hasil, Jawa TimurABSTRACTGenetic Variability of Abaca Variants Induced byEthylmethane Sulphonate (EMS)In vitro mutation with mutagen treatment can be used to increasethe genetic variability of abaca by inducing somaclonal variation. Theobjectives of the experiments were to (1) determine optimum concen-tration of EMS to induce abaca somaclonal variation, (2) produce abacalines from EMS treated embryogenic calli and evaluate their performancein the field, and (3) evaluate type and frequency of qualitative andquantitative variant characters among regenerated abaca lines. Thisexperiment was conducted in Tissue Culture Laboratory and KarangplosoExperiment Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops ResearchInstitute (ItoFCRI) Malang from August 2003 to August 2006. The resultsshowed that EMS treatment on abaca embryogenic calli induced variation,and the optimum EMS concentration was 0.6%. The variants exhibited anumber of abnormal qualitative and quantitative characters which weregenerally negative characters since they showed lower value as comparedto control population. The presence of different types of qualitative andquantitative variant characters was genotype dependent. Variants fromabaca clone Tangongon having the highest fibre yield (161.0 g and 154.0g/plant) were obtained from 0.3% EMS treatment (T1 28.1.1 and T1 11.2.2variants). While variants from abaca clone Sangihe-1 having the highestfibre yield (35.0 g and 40.0 g/plant) were obtained from 0.6% EMStreatment (S4 28.1.0 and S4 56.2.0 variants). The fibre yield of controlclones, Tangongon and Sangihe-1, were 193.0 g and 70 g/plant,respectively.Key words: Abaca, Musa textilis, induced mutation, somaclonalvariation, field evaluation, yield, East Java
PENGARUH PERIODE PENCAHAYAAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, HASIL DAN KOMPONEN MINYAK TANAMAN MENTHA (Mentha piperita L.) ROSIHAN ROSMAN; SRI SETYATI HARJADI; SUGENG SUDIATSO; SUDIRMAN YAHYA; BAMBANG SAPTA PURWOKO; nFN CHAIRUL
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 1 (2004): Maret 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n1.2004.12-20

Abstract

Penelitian yang betujuan mcngkaji pengaruh periode pcncahayaan terhadap petumbuhan, hasil dan komponen minyak tanaman M. piperita L, telah dilakukan di Instalasi Penelitian Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Lembang, Jawa Barat, dai bulan Januari 2000 hingga Juli 2000. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap. Tahap pertama membuat variasi lingkungan cahaya dan tahap kedua penyulingan dan analisis komponen minyak dengan kromatograi gas spektrometer massa. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 5 perlakuan, yaitu I^> (panjang hari normal sebagai kontrol), L, (pemutusan periode gelap 1 jam, pukul 21.00-22.00 mulai umur 30 hari), Lj (pemutusan peiode gelap 1 jam, pukul 21.00-22.00 mulai umur 60 hai), Lj (penambahan cahaya 4 jam, pukul 18.00-22.00 mulai umur 30 hai), dan U (penambahan cahaya 4 jam, pukul 18.00-22.00 mulai umur 60 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjuk¬ kan bahwa perubahan lingkungan mengubah fcnologi tanaman M. piperita L, meliputi petumbuhan vegetatif dan reproduktif, yang selanjutnya mempengaruhi sintesis menthol. Penambahan cahaya 4 jam mulai umur 30 hari setelah tanam (Li) memberikan petumbuhan vegetatif dan reproduktif paling baik, dengan ciri-ciri morfologi tanaman sebagai berikut tanaman berbunga, batang tegak (tidak rebah), tanaman tinggi, diameter batang besar, jumlah ruas banyak, stolon sedikit, jumlah daun banyak dan lebar. Fcnologi tanaman yang mcmiliki petumbuhan vegetatif dan reproduktif yang baik dapat menghasilkan produksi tema dan minyak yang tinggi. Perubahan fcnologi tanaman akibat manipulasi lingkungan mengubah komponen minyak dan mutu menthol. Fcnologi tanaman yang memiliki petumbuhan vegetatif maupun reproduktif yang baik menghasil¬ kan menthol tinggi dan menthofuran rendah. Penambahan cahaya 4 jam mulai umur 30 hari setelah tanam menghasilkan minyak dengan kadar menthol paling tinggi yaitu 54.89% dan menthofuran paling rendah yaitu 7.83%.Kata kunci: Hasil, komponen, minyak peppermint, Mentha piperita L., peiode pcncahayaan ABSTRACTEffect ofphotoperiod on the growth, yield and component ofpeppermint oilResearch on the effect of photoperiod on the growth, yield and component of peppermints oil of M. piperita, was carried out in the expeimental garden of the Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Lembang West Java, from January to July, 2000. The study was conducted in two steps, i.e. The irst step was manipulation of photo peiod using TL lamps and the second step was distillation and analisis of peppermint oil from their products with gas chromatography and mass spectromctry. The experiment used ive treatments, i.e. (1) control or normal light peiod, (2) four hours light supplement at the age of 30 days and 60 days ater planting, and (3) one hour interruption of dark peiod at the age of 30 days and 60 days. The result showed that the changes in light peiod affected the phenology of the crop. Four hours light supplement at the age of 30 days gave the best vegetative and reproductive growth (morphology of Mentha piperita i.e. flowering, erect stem, tall, wide, large stem, more internodes, leafy, and developed only few stolons). This morphology also resulted in the highest resh mateial and oil product. The change of phenology as the effect of light peiode manipulation could change oil component and inally the quality of menthol. Four hours light supplement at 30 days ater planting showed (he highest menthol content (54.89%) and the lowest menthofuran (7.83%).Keywords: Mentha piperita L., component, photoperiod, yield, peppermint oil

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