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International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP)
Published by Lamintang Education & Training Centre
ISSN : 27216934     EISSN : 27216942     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of Law and Public policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 61 Documents
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Bureaucratic Law Transformation and Trade Union Fragmentation in Thailand and Japan in the Context of Free Trade Ramaraj, Somchai; Winichagoon, Rameshprabu; Pinlaor, Pattanee; Almetra, Rhamos; Enomoto, Katsuhiko
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 6 No 2: September 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0602.689

Abstract

To achieve economic development, a country must cooperate with other nations. This often involves a partnership where one country provides workers, while foreign investors contribute significant capital. To sustain such trade relationships, bureaucratic reform is sometimes necessary. These reforms aim to enhance administrative efficiency and economic competitiveness but can also lead to the fragmentation of trade unions, which impacts workers' protection and rights. This research explores the transformation of bureaucratic law and trade union fragmentation in Thailand and Japan within the context of free trade. A qualitative comparative study method was employed to analyze the effects of these reforms in both countries. In Thailand, reforms aimed at simplifying the licensing process and reducing regulations have been successful in attracting foreign investment and accelerating economic growth. However, they have also increased job uncertainty and weakened social protection. In Japan, while traditional labor unions persist, the increasing fragmentation has resulted in uneven worker protection. This analysis reveals that the social and economic effects of these changes are complex and require careful policy consideration to balance economic growth with worker protection. The study recommends comprehensive labor law reforms, increased social dialogue, and stronger support for new trade unions to ensure fair and sustainable worker protections in both countries.
The Impact of Decree 70/2023 on Labor Regulation and Industrial Relations in Argentina: A Legal and Economic Analysis Ntoumanis, Asbjørn Britt; Jorge, Santiago Osvaldo; Zagarese, Eduardo; Wunderlin, Alberto; Stern, Augusto Regier; Luiz, Phillip José
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 6 No 2: September 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0602.694

Abstract

Decree 70/2023, issued by the Argentine government, addresses critical issues in labor and industrial relations amidst ongoing economic and social challenges. This study evaluates the decree’s impact on labor regulations, focusing on minimum wage standards, protection against unfair dismissal, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. Qualitative methods included legal document reviews and expert interviews, while quantitative methods involved assessing changes in wage levels, unemployment, and productivity. Key findings indicate that the decree’s increase in minimum wage aims to enhance worker welfare and stimulate economic growth, but poses challenges for employers, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises. Stricter procedures and improved compensation for layoffs are expected to reduce job insecurity and foster fairer employment practices, though these measures may raise operational costs and administrative burdens for businesses. Additionally, the new dispute resolution mechanisms, which emphasize mediation and arbitration, are designed to resolve conflicts more efficiently and transparently. However, consistent implementation and oversight remain critical challenges. The study concludes that while Decree 70/2023 represents a significant step towards better labor conditions and industrial relations in Argentina, its success will depend on rigorous enforcement and stakeholder cooperation. Further research should focus on the long-term effects of these regulations on Argentina’s labor market and economic stability, as well as continuous evaluation to refine these policies for optimal outcomes.
Advancing Arbitration for Multinational Construction Projects in Saudi Arabia Through Flexibility and Legal Reforms Abdul Rub, Khalid; Elwakeel, Adam; Al-ghamdi, Malik
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 6 No 2: September 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0602.698

Abstract

The role of arbitration in resolving multinational construction disputes in Saudi Arabia is explored, focusing on procedural flexibility, confidentiality, and the impact of recent legal reforms. Multinational companies prefer arbitration over traditional litigation due to its closed process, which protects sensitive information—crucial in Saudi Arabia's privacy-focused business environment. Using qualitative methods like case studies, interviews, and legal document analysis, the research highlights key themes such as the need for arbitrators with technical expertise and cultural understanding, enhancing the arbitration process. Confidentiality is a major factor in choosing arbitration, offering protection from public exposure. Additionally, arbitration’s procedural flexibility allows for customized solutions, leading to faster dispute resolution. Legal reforms, including the Saudi Arbitration Law 2012 and the Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration (SCCA), have strengthened the arbitration framework, boosting investor confidence and improving efficiency. Future research should examine the long-term impact of these reforms, assess the effectiveness of new arbitration institutions, and explore challenges in maintaining confidentiality and selecting competent arbitrators across sectors.
Implications of Ethical Conducts of Bureaucrats in Governance Mendy, Ousu; Susilawati, Marietta
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 7 No 1: March 2025
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0701.727

Abstract

Over the years, the ethical conduct of bureaucrats in governance in the world has continued to threaten developments. Globally, much focus is given to international organisations and states with larger control in international affairs, and small states are often left in oblivion. This research aims to present an exposition of the legal implications of the ethical conduct of bureaucrats and the threats they pose to human rights as one of the litmus tests of modern governance. Government is at the centre of state development and therefore, the conduct of bureaucrats are quite topical, especially in this era when governance is globally at stake. In this research, the normative research method is used to examine secondary data that are germane to the subject. Journal articles, books, and state instruments or documents that regulate the conduct of government bureaucrats are examined. This research, therefore, concludes that unethical conducts of government bureaucrats violate human rights and therefore, the restorative justice system in the context of reimbursement of state resources acquired through unethical acts of bureaucrats is quite necessary in eliminating or mitigating it. This will help in determining its causes and create measures for preventing it by engaging victims, perpetrators, and affected communities.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Employment Policies for Filipino Migrant Workers Ballesteros, Tabios Dominic; Santos, Fernando David; Rubenito, Edwino Mudjekeewis; Angelo, Lampayan
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 7 No 1: March 2025
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0701.806

Abstract

The Philippines ranks among the top nations globally for labor migration, with remittances playing a vital role in the national economy. Filipino migrant workers still encounter obstacles despite their economic contributions, such as human rights abuses, hazardous working environments, and issues with reintegration. This research assesses how well Philippine labor laws and policies safeguard the rights of migrant workers and promote effective reintegration strategies. Employing a case study approach, information was gathered via the analysis of policy documents, government reports, and semi-structured interviews with 25 important informants, such as migrant workers, policymakers, and scholars. The research locations comprised Metro Manila, Cebu City, and Davao City. Results indicate that despite the Philippines having a thorough legal framework for safeguarding migrant workers, enforcement is insufficient because of resource limitations and minimal international oversight. Reintegration programs like skills training and entrepreneurship initiatives face underutilization because of accessibility challenges and social stigma. Additionally, shortcomings in legal aid and the enforcement of labor rights leave migrant workers vulnerable to exploitation. A comparison with South Korea and Singapore emphasizes effective strategies in legal safeguarding and reintegration assistance. Bolstering enforcement systems and improving cross-border legal collaboration are crucial for enhancing the welfare of migrants. Subsequent studies need to investigate the influence of technology on labor rights oversight and the lasting socio-economic effects of reintegration strategies. Tackling these challenges will strengthen legal safeguards and enhance sustainable welfare for Filipino migrant workers and their families.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Thailand’s Sor Por Kor Land Reform Policy Yuthavong, Phenrat; Pinlaor, Annachhatre; Chakthranont, Bamrungsap; Chaudhury, Nuangchalerm
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 7 No 2: September 2025
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0702.706

Abstract

This article critically examines the effectiveness of Thailand’s Sor Por Kor (SPK) land reform policy from the perspective of agrarian law. Designed to allocate state lands to landless farmers, the SPK program has undergone recent reforms, including the conversion of land use rights into full land titles. While these changes aim to enhance tenure security and rural productivity, this article argues that the legal and institutional design of SPK remains vulnerable to elite capture, environmental degradation, and deviation from agrarian justice principles. Employing a normative-legal and socio-legal approach, this study evaluates SPK’s compliance with key agrarian law principles: distributive justice, the social function of property, sustainable land governance, and legal empowerment. The analysis reveals that while SPK has expanded access to land, its implementation suffers from weak regulatory oversight, fragmented legal frameworks, and contradictory development agendas. Recommendations are proposed to realign the SPK policy with the broader objectives of agrarian justice and food sovereignty in the context of emerging global land and food crises.
Rethinking Rape Laws Emphasizes the Central Role of Consent in Shaping Both Legal Frameworks and Public Understanding Bergman, Stefano; Thunberg, Sophia
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 7 No 2: September 2025
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0702.822

Abstract

Sexual violence remains a significant concern worldwide, leading many countries to reassess their legal definitions of rape. Sweden's 2018 legal reform redefined rape based on the absence of consent rather than the presence of force, marking a significant shift in legal and societal perspectives. This study aims to evaluate the impact of this legislative change by analyzing conviction rates, public perception, and challenges faced by legal professionals. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, conducted throughout 2023, involving 500 respondents across Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. Data is collected through surveys, in-depth interviews with legal professionals, and court case analysis from three major district courts. Quantitative data is analyzed statistically to determine trends in conviction rates, while qualitative data undergoes thematic analysis. Findings reveal that conviction rates have increased from 15% in 2017 to 26% in 2023, indicating greater legal effectiveness. Public awareness surveys show 72% support for the consent-based definition, though concerns persist regarding the burden of proof and jury bias. Legal professionals highlight evidence challenges and victim reluctance to report cases, suggesting the need for further judicial training and legal support mechanisms. Future research should explore comparative analyses with other jurisdictions, assess long-term survivor experiences, and evaluate the effectiveness of legal education programs.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Indonesia’s Defense Policy for Strategic Decision-Making Yusman, Faisal; Kartiningsih, Yuli; Djansena, Alradix; Supriyadi, Asep Adang
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 7 No 2: September 2025
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0702.848

Abstract

The transformation of Indonesia's national defense policy in the digital era requires the integration of Artificial Intelligence as a strategic instrument to enhance analytical and decision-making capabilities. This study aims to formulate an AI-based defense policy framework that is responsive to the dynamics of modern threats, as well as to identify the challenges and opportunities in its implementation. The research method used is a qualitative approach through document study and policy analysis that includes national regulations, academic literature, and global practices. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia still faces a number of fundamental obstacles, such as the absence of a national ethics framework for military AI, low institutional readiness, and weak regulations related to the control of autonomous systems. This study recommends the establishment of a defense AI ethics council, revision of the defense legal framework to include intelligent technology, and the development of a collaborative roadmap across ministries. It is expected that the resulting policy will not only be adaptive to technological disruption, but also guarantee accountability and national sovereignty in the use of AI for strategic defense interests.
Comparative Legal Lessons from the 2015 and 2024 Riau Islands Gubernatorial Elections Marsudi; Yani, Achmad
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 7 No 2: September 2025
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0702.893

Abstract

This study examines the persistent challenge of regulatory fragmentation in Indonesia’s decentralized electoral governance through a comparative legal analysis of the 2015 and 2024 gubernatorial elections in Riau Islands Province. Using a juridical-comparative approach combined with doctrinal legal analysis and process tracing, the research compares statutory frameworks, institutional coordination, and electoral outcomes. Data were drawn from official regulations, Provincial KPU reports, voter turnout statistics, and budget records. Findings show that while the 2024 election benefited from greater legal coherence than in 2015, unchecked subnational discretion most notably the reduction of polling stations from 4,654 to 3,327 resulted in lower voter turnout (77% to 54%) and reduced accessibility, particularly in remote archipelagic areas. The study argues that both normative misalignment and procedural discretion, when unbounded, undermine electoral inclusiveness and transparency. Theoretically, this article contributes to the discourse on legal pluralism and regulatory coherence by demonstrating how harmonization must integrate both legal standardization and procedural predictability. Practically, it proposes a unified Election Code, “bounded discretion” guidelines, and institutionalized inter-agency coordination to safeguard electoral integrity.
An Urgent Need for Legal Safeguards for Freelancers in Vietnam Duong, Thi Minh Hang
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 7 No 2: September 2025
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0702.906

Abstract

The rapid expansion of Vietnam’s freelance workforce has outpaced the development of legal protections for freelancers, which highlights the urgent need for a coherent and inclusive legal approach to safeguard self-employed individuals in Vietnam’s evolving economy. This article examines the legal landscape governing freelancers in Vietnam, identifying critical gaps in current regulations that hinder the protection of freelancers’ rights with a focus on Labor Law and Civil Law. Drawing on international practices from Japan, Germany, and the Netherlands, the study proposes some recommendations to ensure fair treatment and strengthen Vietnam’s legal protections for self-employed workers.

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