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Achmad Muchaddam Fahham
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Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian DPR RI Gedung Nusantara I Lantai 2 Jl. Gatot Subroto Jakarta Pusat 10270 Telp 021 5715372 Fax 021 5715245
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INDONESIA
Aspirasi : Jurnal Masalah-masalah Sosial
Published by Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian DPR RI
ISSN : 20866305     EISSN : 26145863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Education Social Sciences
Jurnal Aspirasi is a journal on social issues publishing articles from parliamentary perspectives, covering both library and field studies. The journal puts emphasis on aspects related to social issues in Indonesian context with special reference to sociology, psychology, education, environment, religion, and health.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 1 (2019)" : 6 Documents clear
Cover Aspirasi Vol. 10 No. 1 Aspirasi, Redaksi
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1658.461 KB)

Abstract

Sanitasi dan Dampaknya bagi Kesehatan: Studi dari Pesantren Fahham, Achmad Muchaddam
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (497.004 KB) | DOI: 10.46807/aspirasi.v10i1.1230

Abstract

According to the United Nations, sanitation is one of the basic human rights. Sanitation impacts the quality of human life, including in Islamic boarding schools - institutions that organized Islamic religious education. The Islamic boarding houses should meet the sanitation standard to create a conducive environment for the students. This study was conducted using a qualitative method to determine sanitation conditions of Islamic boarding school, the impact of sanitation on the school to students' health conditions, and government policies on sanitation problems faced by the boarding school. Data collection were conducted using in-depth interviews and literature studies, which then analyzed by reducing techniques and drawing conclusions. The study concluded that most Islamic boarding schools in various regions in Indonesia do not have sanitation that met health standards.  These conditions have an impact on the health of the students. Many of them have been exposed to scabies, diarrhea, and there were students who have been affected by ARI. There are two government policies implemented to help Islamic boarding schools dealing with sanitation problems: boarding schools health program of the ministry of health and eco-pesantren program of the ministry of environment. However, not all Islamic boarding school have access to any one of these programs.  Thus, the government needs to expand the coverage of the boarding school health program and eco-pesantren program. AbtrakMenurut Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa sanitasi merupakan salah satu hak asasi manusia. Sanitasi memengaruhi kualitas hidup manusia, termasuk di pesantren yang merupakan institusi penyelenggaran pendidikan keagamaan Islam. Di pondok tempat tinggal santri seyogyanya memenuhi standar sanitasi agar santri dapat beraktivitas dengan nyaman sesuai dengan tuntunan Islam. Studi ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif untuk mengetahui kondisi sanitasi pesantren, dampak sanitasi pesantren terhadap kesehatan santri, dan kebijakan pemerintah terhadap masalah sanitasi yang dihadapi oleh pesantren. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur, yang kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi dan penarikan kesimpulan. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar pesantren di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia belum memiliki sanitasi yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Kondisi sanitasi yang belum memenuhi syarat kesehatan tersebut memiliki dampak bagi kesehatan santri. Banyak santri yang pernah terkena skabies, diare, dan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA). Ada dua kebijakan pemerintah yang dilaksanakan untuk membantu pesantren keluar dari masalah sanitasi yang dihadapinya, yakni Pos Kesehatan Pesantren dari Kementerian Kesehatan dan eco-pesantren Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Namun, belum semua pesantren dapat mengakses salah satu kebijakan tersebut. Untuk itu, Pemerintah perlu meningkatkan jangkauan program pos kesehatan pesantren dan eco-pesantren.
Implementasi Kebijakan Program Pembangunanpartisipatif Berbasis Komunitas (P3BK) di Kecamatan Pondok Melati Kota Bekasi Gita, Indrawaty; Mulyadi, Mohammad
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (488.505 KB) | DOI: 10.46807/aspirasi.v10i1.1255

Abstract

The Community-Based Participatory Development Program (P3BK) is the Bekasi City Government Program for the implementation of development through community participation and self-help. This paper wants to describe the implementation of the P3BK policy in Pondok Melati District, Bekasi City. This research is qualitative in nature where data is collected through interviews with self-managed P3BK implementers, then the data is analyzed by Miles and Huberman Models. Overall the program went well, which was based on several factors, namely: (1) communication, which included the distribution of effective communication, sufficient clarity on the P3BK policy by the implementers of the activities, as well as consistency in providing good direction; (2) resources, including competent and capable enough human resources; (3) the disposition/attitude of P3BK implementers: sufficient capacity and capability and high dedication of P3BK implementers; (4) organizational structure/bureaucracy, including the availability of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for P3BK implementation and each program implementer has understood and implemented the SOP, as well as effective bureaucratic fragmentation.AbtrakProgram Pembangunan Partisipatif Berbasis Komunitas (P3BK) merupakan Program Pemerintah Kota Bekasi untuk pelaksanaan pembangunan lewat partisipasi dan swadaya masyarakat. Tulisan ini ingin mendeskripsikan implementasi kebijakan P3BK di Kecamatan Pondok Melati Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif di mana data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara pada pelaksana swakelola P3BK, kemudian data dianalisis dengan Model Miles dan Huberman. Secara keseluruhan program berjalan baik, yang didorong beberapa faktor yaitu: (1) komunikasi yang meliputi penyaluran komunikasi yang cukup efektif, kejelasan yang cukup baik atas kebijakan P3BK oleh para pelaksana kegiatan, serta konsistensi dalam memberikan arahan yang cukup baik; (2) sumber daya yang meliputi SDM pelaksana program yang dinilai cukup kompeten dan kapabel; (3) disposisi/sikap pelaksana P3BK yang meliputi kapasitas dan kapabilitas pelaksana P3BK yang cukup memadai, dedikasi yang tinggi. (4) struktur organisasi/birokrasi yang meliputi telah tersedianya Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) pelaksanaan P3BK dan masing-masing pelaksana program telah memahami dan melaksanakan SOP tersebut, serta fragmentasi birokrasi yang telah berjalan efektif.
Peran Sekolah dan Masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Program Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Indahri, Yulia
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (482.051 KB) | DOI: 10.46807/aspirasi.v10i1.1228

Abstract

School Operational Grant (BOS) is a program that absorbs large enough funds and received directly by beneficiaries, schools. The BOS program began on July 2005 in order to accelerate 9-year compulsory education, reduce dropout rates, and assist students from poor families to continue schooling. However, there was also an indication that the government wanted to invite stakeholders, namely schools and the committee, to actively involve in the implementation of the program. Although the funds received by students through their school have not reached the ideal, at least the minimum service requirement can be met. This paper uses literature studies and field studies in three provinces in Indonesia, namely Aceh, West Kalimantan, and North Sulawesi for comparison. Literature studies among which are based on the study and research conducted on the BOS Program by third parties such as SMERU and the World Bank. While field studies were conducted in order to understand problems on the implementation of BOS Program especially on stakeholders’ participation. As conclusion, it is seen that the addition of budget allocations should continue to pay more attention to suggestions from provincial/district/city governments, as well as from the community. Community participation, especially when it comes to funding, should not be unsupervised. There must be certainty of transparency and accountability of the use of funds that are constantly being reported to the public and not of a coercive nature.AbtrakBantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) merupakan program yang menyerap dana cukup besar dan langsung diterima oleh penerima bantuan, yaitu sekolah. Program BOS mulai dilaksanakan pada Juli 2005 dalam rangka percepatan Wajib Belajar 9 Tahun, menekan angka putus sekolah, dan membantu siswa dari keluarga miskin untuk dapat terus sekolah. Akan tetapi, ada keinginan dari pemerintah agar pemangku kepentingan, yakni sekolah dan komite sekolah, mau terlibat aktif dalam pelaksanaan program. Walaupun dana yang diterima oleh siswa melalui sekolah belum mencapai angka ideal, paling tidak kebutuhan standar pelayanan minimal dapat terpenuhi. Tulisan ini menggunakan studi pustaka dan studi lapangan di tiga provinsi di Indonesia, yaitu Aceh, Kalimantan Barat, dan Sulawesi Utara untuk perbandingan. Studi pustaka di antaranya adalah kajian dan penelitian yang dilakukan mengenai Program BOS oleh lembaga penelitian SMERU dan juga Bank Dunia. Studi di lapangan dilakukan untuk melihat kendala yang ditemui di lapangan dalam pelaksanaan Program BOS terutama dalam kaitannya dengan peran serta pemangku kepentingan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan alokasi anggaran perlu terus mendengarkan masukan dari pemerintah provinsi/kabupaten/kota, dan juga dari masyarakat. Partisipasi masyarakat, terutama jika menyangkut pendanaan, tidak berarti tanpa pengawasan. Harus ada kepastian transparansi dan akuntabilitas dari pemanfaatan dana yang tetap dilaporkan ke masyarakat dan tidak bersifat memaksa.
Program Keluarga Harapan dan Penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu (Studi di Provinsi Jambi dan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan) Susiana, Sali
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (495.687 KB) | DOI: 10.46807/aspirasi.v10i1.1107

Abstract

The study was conducted with a qualitative approach to see how the Family Hope Program (PKH) played a role in decreasing Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Jambi and South Kalimantan Provinces. Data were obtained from interviews with PKH management officials, PKH assistants and PKH recipients who were pregnant. It was found that there was no direct connection between PKH and the decline in MMR, because there was no detailed provision regarding the percentage of cash received from PKH that had to be spent to improve the nutritional quality of PKH recipients, thus influencing the quality of maternal health and reducing MMR. In addition, not all pregnant women check themselves at a minimum of 4 times during pregnancy. The two provinces do not hold special programs for pregnant women receiving PKH. Nevertheless, there were several efforts to improve the quality of health and nutrition of pregnant women from the Ministry of Health, namely through the provision of blood tablets and biscuits, as well as the implementation of the Class for Pregnant Women. To increase the effectiveness of PKH in reducing MMR, it is necessary to periodically provide assistance and monitoring to PKH recipients who were pregnant.AbtrakPenelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif untuk melihat bagaimana peran Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di  Provinsi Jambi dan Kalimantan Selatan. Data diperoleh dari wawancara kepada pejabat pengelola PKH, pendamping PKH dan ibu hamil penerima PKH. Ditemukan bahwa tidak terdapat kaitan secara langsung antara PKH dan penurunan AKI, karena tidak ada ketentuan yang rinci mengenai persentase uang tunai yang diterima dari PKH yang harus dibelanjakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas gizi ibu hamil penerima PKH, sehingga berpengaruh pada kualitas kesehatan ibu hamil dan penurunan AKI. Selain itu, tidak semua ibu hamil  memeriksakan diri minimal 4 kali selama kehamilan. Kedua provinsi tidak menyelenggarakan  program khusus bagi ibu hamil penerima PKH. Meskipun demikian,  ada beberapa upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan dan gizi ibu hamil yang menjadi program Kementerian Kesehatan, yaitu melalui pemberian tablet tambah darah dan biskuit, serta penyelenggaraan Kelas Ibu Hamil. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas PKH dalam menurunkan AKI, perlu dilakukan pendampingan dan monitoring secara berkala kepada ibu hamil penerima PKH.
Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan: Program Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Guru Profesional di Indonesia Arifa, Fieka Nurul; Prayitno, Ujianto Singgih
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (569.615 KB) | DOI: 10.46807/aspirasi.v10i1.1229

Abstract

The quality of education of a nation is determined by the quality of educators. Teachers as implementers of education at the basic, secondary and early age levels must have competencies and qualifications that meet national education standards. The Pre-service Teacher Professional Education Programs is a breakthrough to prepare certified professional teacher candidates. Teacher's requirements for academic qualifications are at least bachelor and must also have an educator certificate obtained through a certification program. With the end of certification through Teacher Professional Education and Training Programs, the entire certification process is taken through Teacher Professional Education Programs. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research method to find out ways in which the Pre-service Teacher Professional Education Programs policy meet the needs of professional teachers in Indonesia. In the implementation of Pre-service Teacher Professional Education Programs, there are still some challenges, namely: (1) the quality of Educational Personnel Education Institution, (2) the qualifications of prospective students, and (3) distribution of graduates. There need to be improvements in terms of governance and regulation to improve the effectiveness of the Pre-service Teacher Professional Education Programs.AbtrakKualitas pendidikan suatu bangsa ditentukan oleh kualitas pendidik. Guru sebagai pelaksana pendidikan pada jenjang dasar, menengah dan usia dini harus memiliki kompetensi dan kualifikasi yang memenuhi standar nasional pendidikan. Program Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan merupakan terobosan untuk menyiapkan calon guru profesional yang telah tersertifikasi. Persyaratan kualifikasi akademik guru setidaknya S-1 dan harus memiliki sertifikat pendidik yang diperoleh melalui program sertifikasi. Dengan berakhirnya sertifikasi melalui Program Pendidikan dan Latihan Profesi Guru maka seluruh proses sertifikasi ditempuh melalui Pendidikan Profesi Guru. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan (library research) untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan guru profesional di Indonesia. Dalam pelaksanaannya Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan masih terkendala: (1) kualitas Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan, (2) kualifikasi calon peserta didik, dan (3) penyerapan lulusan. Perlu adanya perbaikan dari sisi tata kelola dan regulasi guna meningkatkan efektivitas penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan.

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