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Muhammad Ridwan
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Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal)
Published by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal
ISSN : 26557835     EISSN : 26557827     DOI : DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birex
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Physics Transportation
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx-Journal) is a peer reviewed journal published in January, April, July, October welcome research paper in Medical Science, Agriculture Science, Biological Science, Engineering Science and other related areas and it is published in both online and printed version
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Material (semua kategori) - Ilmu Material (Lain-Lain)
Articles 270 Documents
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Trends of Banana Production among Smallholders’ Farmers Due to Rainfall and Temperature variations in Mount Kenya Region County, Kenya David K. Karienye; Hellen Kamiri
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2020): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v2i2.904

Abstract

Unreliability and unpredictability of rainfall amount and temperature fluctuations have negative impact on agriculture production especially in Africa where coping mechanisms are limited. The future of rainfed agriculture is uncertain more so on banana production among the smallholder’s farmers due to climate variability. This study examined the extent of rainfall and temperature changes on banana production among smallholders’ farmers in Mount. Kenya region of Kenya from 2009 and 2017. The sites were purposively selected to include Imenti south (Meru County) and Mukurweini sub-counties (Nyeri County) where banana production has been practiced since 1990. A sample size of 381 respondents was identified using simple random sampling. Production and climatic (rainfall and Temperature) data were sourced from Horticultural Crop Directorate and Kenya Meteorological Department respectively for the stations adjacent to the study sites for the study period. Results showed decreasing trends on rainfall amounts while temperature increasing trend. Study found that rainfall increase does not necessarily translate to increased production while temperature level of about 18.50C gave the maximum yields. Majority of the respondents (42.8%) in the study region admitted to have changed the land use and type of crops they have been farming during the study period whereas 30% changed from other crops to banana farming. Banana acreage and production in both sub-counties have been increasing during the study period. The County and National government should provide irrigation as a coping mechanism to banana production due to the declining rainfall and increasing temperature in the region. We recommended provision of weather information on the onset of the rainfall period and distribution within the seasons in order to respond to the effects of climate variability.
Description of Student Performance in the Clinical Rotation of Forensic Medicine Period January-December 2019 in Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University Taufik Suryadi; Kulsum Kulsum
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2020): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, July
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v2i3.1072

Abstract

Introduction: learning activities can be effective and achieved accordingly with what is expected if the student gets the goal learning in accordance with knowledge, attitudes and skills. Methods: the study is undertaken to investigate the success of students in rotation of forensic medicine. This study was carried out in the Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. As many as 101 medical students were included in the study (39 male and 62 female), grouped in 16 groups. The instrument used in this study was a recapitulation document of clinical rotation student scores in 2019. Results and Discussion: the best average score of 89.47 was achieved by the group XV, the best average achievement index was 4.0 ( group XV), the best male student score 90 (group VI), the best female student score 91 (group III), the average male student score is 80.22, the average female student score is 81.12, the average grade cognitive 64,27, psychomotor 74,20, affective 80,90, average achievement index is 3,35 for male student and 3,67 for female student. Conclusion: the female student is better than male student performance both in psychomotor and affective, but in cognitive aspect is similar relatively. In general, in 2019 the achievements of students in clinical rotation of forensic medicine are good but need to be improved in the cognitive aspect.
Growth Response and Crop Production (Brassica Juncea L.) Against Watering Time Interval at Various Hydroponics Media Muhammad Zailani; Retno Astuti Kuswardani; Ellen L. Panggabean
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2019): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, January
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v1i1.131

Abstract

This study aims to determine the Response Growth and Production of Crops (Brassica juncea L.) Against Watering Time Interval In Various Hydroponics Media. The research was conducted at the experimental gardens of Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, located on No. Pond Street. 1 Medan Estate. This research was conducted from October 2013 until December 2013. The design used was RAL Factorial, with 2 replications, 10 combinations. The first factor of the hydroponic planting medium is: M1: Frying Roots, M2: Coconut Coir Powder, M3: Fryer Seal, M4: Rokwool, and M5: Sawdust, the second factor is the time interval: I1: 3 hours a day I2: 5 hours a day, starting from 08:00 a.m to 06:00 p.m. The result of this research indicates that the treatment of watering liquid fertilizer with different time interval does not show a real effect on the growth of mustard plants, Media treatment used on hydroponic systems have an influence very evident on the parameters of plant height, leaf number, leaf area, production weight and significant effect on leaf level parameters, influential planting medium and have the best number is M3 (fuel husk). Interaction interval of watering time on various hydroponic media did not have a significant effect on observed parameters, namely: plant height, leaf number, wet weight, and weight of production, while the leaf color parameter had significant effect on leaf width.
Cyber-attacks Based on Legal Requirements and International Relations of Governments Maryam Sedaghat; Mojtaba Mireh Gini
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2019): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v1i2.229

Abstract

Nowadays, the change in the scope of power from hard power to soft power has also shifted the process of military attacks to cyberattack. Cyber-attacks, like armed attacks, must fit into the framework of humanitarian law. Therefore, government responsibilities are also determined based on these changes, and as governments have responsibilities in military strikes, their responsibilities for cyberattacks should also be identified. Therefore, the present study makes use of analytical-descriptive method based on existing documents to examine this issue. Ultimately, the present study concludes that a cyberattack could be described as armed use of force in accordance with Article 2 (4) of the United Nations Charter. On the other hand, a widespread cyberattack on the basic infrastructures that causes material damages or casualties comparable to an armed attack with conventional weapons, gives the affected government the right to seek legitimate defense. Also, governments can resort to legitimate defense in response to a cyberattack that does not amount to an armed attack but provides the settings for an impending armed attack with conventional weapons.
Energy Management Improving the Cooling System in a Local Factory ENG. Moath Abdrabu Eldbari; Muhammad N Radhwi
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 1, No 4 (2019): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, October
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v1i4.475

Abstract

Development is an ongoing process in all areas and this research studied of a cooling system for a local factory and evaluated to determine the efficiency and capacity of the cooling capacity of the factory at the desired level. ِAfter evaluating the cooling system and studying the case of the local factory, the heat gain loads in the factory was calculated internally and externally and found that there is a deficit in the cooling system by 45% and the suggestion is to improve the cooling system without affecting production or manpower. Accordingly, three points have been developed to improve the cooling system and the first point is reducing the heat gained from lighting by changing fluorescent bulbs by the LED and this step will reduce the heat gain from lighting by 64%. The second point is to reduce the volume space of production zones by installing the ceiling of the gypsum board where the height was reduced from eight to five meters, which reduced the heat gained by 37% from the walls. The third point is the installation of better insulation materials and has been proposed rock wool material for the roof and the material Rigid expanded board for walls and these materials have reduced 85% of the heat gain from the roof and 20% of the walls. The total rate of improvement in the cooling system completely (internal and external heat gain) is 25% or in other words, can be through the implementation of these points reduce cooling load by 25%.
Introduction of Application of Rubber Tapping Technology and Its Impact on Production of Mekar Tani Groups in Sari Laba Jahe Village, Deli Serdang District Sumihar Hutapea; Ellen Panggabean; Rizal Azis; Tumpal HS Siregar; Suswati Suswati
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2020): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, January
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v2i1.696

Abstract

The increase of rubber production can be done by introducing tapping technology for rubber farmers, when rubber prices are low. The facts showed that smallholder rubber production is still low, in the range of 600-800 kg of dry rubber / ha / year. Tapping practiced by rubber farmers is generally not based on tapping technology, which is integrated in the aspects of plants, tapping planning and management, the use of stimulants, and a number of other technical aspects. To increase smallholder rubber production, rubber tapping technology was introduced to Mekar Tani Groups in Sari Laba Jahe Village, Sibiru Biru Sub-district, Deli Serdang District (North Sumatra). The results of the introduction in the form of stimulant application showed that a month after applying the stimulant, the increase in production averaged 60.65%. If production without applying the stimulant was 0.18 kg / tree, then after applying the stimulant 0.28 kg / tree was obtain. The results of this study within a month were still continuing to observe other aspects such as the quality of rubber produced due to the application of stimulants, as well as farmers' income.
Survey on the Sale of Megaphrynium Macrostachyum (Marantaceae) Leaves in Gbado-Lite City and Surroundings (Nord Ubangi Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo) Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua; Ngemale Gbiadiri Maurice; Masengo Ashande Colette; Ndolete Geregbia Jean-Pierre; Bongo Ngiala Gédéon; Ndanga Bikibo Apollinaire; Tshibangu Sha Tshibey Damien; Tshilanda Dinangay Dorothée
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2020): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v2i2.874

Abstract

In Africa, the importance of NTFPs in the livelihood security is well recognized and these products represent vital sources of income for poor population. However, the sales chain of Marantaceae leaves is informal in Gbado-Lite and there is no information available on this sector for the promotion of the sale of NTFPs at the local level to reduce poverty and protect the environment as well as to conserve biodiversity. This survey shows that mostly female (55%) carries out the sale of Marantaceae leaves in Gbado-Lite. Among traders, 37.5% are illiterate, 32.5%, 20% and 10% have a secondary, primary and university education respectively. Regarding the marital status, 52.5% of respondents are divorced, 25% are widows and 22.5% are married. While 40% of respondents are unemployed, 30% are farmers while housewives and pupils account for 17.5% and 12.5% respectively. Our respondents know seven other non-woody forest products. These include: Mushrooms (27.5%), Caterpillars (22.5%), Marantaceae leaves (20%), honey (17.5%), snails and game (5% each) and vines (2.5%). Marantaceae leaves are first used for food packaging (47.5%), food preservation (35%), building material (10%). The forest accounts for 52% of the total harvesting habitat of Marantaceae leaves. It is followed by fallow (25%), fields (15%) savannah (8%) respectively. This sale allows the schooling for children (27.5%); health care (20%); food purchase (17%); beverage purchase (12.5%). The majority of respondents believe that these leaves are not well managed after use and therefore pollute the environment because of the lack of a waste collection structure. Yet, they are biodegradable and should be used to make compost for crops in Gbado-Lite.
Congolese Medicinal Plant biodiversity as Source of AntiCOVID-19 Compounds: Economic goods in the light of Comparative Advantages Theory of Ricardo Modeste Ndaba Modeawi; Ruphin Djolu Djoza; Colette Masengo Ashande; Clarisse Falanga Mawi; Emmanuel Moke Lengbiye; Clément Inkoto Liyongo; Benjamin Gbolo Zoawe; Muhammad Ridwan; Pius T. Mpiana; Mudogo Virima; Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2020): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, July
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v2i3.1067

Abstract

Since the outbreak of Covid-19 (Corona virus) in China in December 2019, the disease has killed more people in Europa, America and Asia according to official sources.  Less impacted than the rest of the world, Africa as well as Oceania has less confirmed cases and less deaths. In countries whose health systems are among the most fragile in the world, with far less resources than those mobilized in Europe, China or the United States, the situation in Africa is potentially catastrophic. Since human and material resources, such as hospitalization and intensive care beds, are largely insufficient, the mortality rate linked to Covid-19 is likely to be 3 to 5 times higher than in the rest of the world. In the face of this evidence, scientific research based on medicinal plants would be seen as no less important part of the solution to the Covid-19 pandemic, based on plant biodiversity. The Malagasy Institute of Applied Research (IMRA/Madagascar) on the basis of the Artemisia annua has set up Covid-Organics; The Congolese plant biodiversity offers undeniable advantages for the setting up of an Improved Traditional Medicine following the example of Covid-Organics. This would constitute for the Democratic Republic of the Congo a comparative advantage to be put forward in its multiple international exchanges.
The Effectiveness of Kenikir and Betel Leaves Extract as Bio Fungicide to the Causes of Anthracnose Disease (Colletotrichum Capsici) on Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.) with In vitro Maimunah Maimunah; Azwana Azwana; Cornelis Pandala
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2019): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v2i1.221

Abstract

Effectiveness Kenikir and Betle Leaft Extraction as Biofungicide to Cause Disease Antraknosa (Colletotricum capsici) On Chili (Capsicum annuum) in In vitro. The research was done in the Laboratory Protection Plant Agriculture Faculty University of Medan Area, was held since Mei to July 2018. The research use Design Random Complete (RAL) Non Factorial with treatment F0 = negative control (PDA Media 100 %) F1 = Positive control (Synthetic fungicide 0.2%), F2 = 20% kenikir+ 10%betel, F3 = 30 % kenikir+ 10%betel,, F4 = 40% kenikir+ 10%betel, F5 = 20% kenikir+ 20%betel, F6 = 30 % kenikir+ 20%betel, F7 = 40% kenikir+ 20%betel, F8 = 20% kenikir+ 30%betel, F9 = 30% kenikir+ 30%betel, F10 = 40 % kenikir+ 30%betel. The results of the study: the tested extract of kenikir and betel leaf leaves showed the same results for inhibiting the growth of colony diameter and percentage of fungi growth.
Effect Application of Technique Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD) on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomatoes Idris, Muhammad; Hutagaol, Dermawan; Ani, Nurma
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 1, No 3 (2019): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, July
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v1i3.385

Abstract

The research was conducted to evaluate the performance of tomatoes varieties on growth, yield and quality through the application of partial rootzone drying. The study was conducted in green house at the Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) Medan in May 2014 until September 2014. The planting media used were straw compost mixed with top soil enriched withUrea, SP ─ 36 and KCL fertilizer filled into polybeg up to 10 kg in weight. Observation variables are: the growing, yield  and quality of tomato

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