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Coordination Beureau of Community Medicine, Department of Public Health-Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47 Surabaya
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INDONESIA
JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2723035X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jcmphr.v1i2.21693
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Public Health Research (JCMPHR) publishes articles in the field of community medicine and public health focusing on family health care, epidemiology, biostatistics, public health administration, management of health, national health problems, social medicine, nutrition and enviromental and occupational health, as well as a variety of other fields related to those disciplines.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 130 Documents
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Overview of the Implementation of Innovative Health Promotion Programs on Stunting Prevention in Adolescents Annisa Fathulluluu; Budi Utomo; Woro Setia Ningtyas
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.53789

Abstract

Stunting is a health problem that requires immediate attention to support the success of national development. Nutritional status will significantly influence the development of high-quality human resources in the future. Efforts to prevent stunting from an early age can be carried out through effective methods targeting youth. One of the health centers in Tasikmalaya district developed an innovation in health education, called GEN MULIA, to increase adolescents' knowledge and participation in the prevention and treatment of anemia from an early age. This study aims to describe the implementation of a health education program for adolescents. This research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews and analyzed using the Miles & Huberman approach. The population in this study was health workers and school teachers. This study showed that several considerations are needed for the health center to begin developing health promotion using digital media, including social media in the form of short videos that combine information and entertainment, which have been proven effective in increasing adolescents' knowledge. Selecting the correct method for implementing health education is very important, as it is essential to consider who receives it and the availability of time, funds, and health promotion personnel. Health promotion activities in schools should be carried out continuously and on target, given the many diseases for which health education is the only treatment.
Education, Marital Status and Social Culture on Adolescent Pregnancy and Pregnancy of Productive Age At Wairiang Helath Center, Lembata District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Herlinda Perada Masan; Rize Budi Amalia; Azimatul Karimah
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.54107

Abstract

Lembata Regency is a district that contributes to annual teenage pregnancy rates in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Adolescent pregnancy not only has a negative impact on the health of teenagers and their babies, but it also has socio-cultural and economic impacts, requiring cross-sector collaboration for immediate handling. This research aims to analyze educational factors, marital status, and socio-cultural influences on the incidence of adolescent pregnancy. Using a type of observational analytical research with a case-control approach. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling, with a sample size of 64 primigravida pregnant women at the Wairiang Health Center. The ratio was 1:3, with the case group (adolescent primigravida) comprising 16 people and the control group (productive-age primigravida) comprising 48 people. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis used the chi-square test. The results of the study show that factors that have a significant relationship with first pregnancy as a teenager are education (p=0.003), marital status at the time of first pregnancy (p=0.014), with an OR value of 6.067 (95% CI (1.526-24.122)), and socio-cultural role. Socio-cultural role (p=0.001), with an OR value of 14.576 (95% CI (3.508-60.570)). Education, marital status, and socio-cultural role were found to be risk factors for first pregnancy as a teenager. Other factors that contribute to this are age and the role of religion in determining the validity of a marriage under customs, religion, and law.
Identifying Risk Factors for Speech Delay in Children Aged 2-4 Years in Surabaya, Indonesia Mahira Khansa Aishaneeqa; Irwanto; Dwi Aprilawati; Noor Idha Handajani
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.65662

Abstract

Speech delay presents a complex problem with a diverse range of contributing factors. Early identification of risk factors for speech delay in children is crucial to allow for immediate treatment and minimize adverse outcomes. This research identifies several risk factors for speech delay in children aged 2-4 years in Surabaya. Using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis, secondary data were collected through medical records at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. The subjects consisted of 223 children aged 2-4 years with speech delay and 177 children aged 2-4 years without speech delay. Multivariate analysis revealed that gender (OR 1,726; 95%CI 1,069 to 2,788; p=0,026), excessive screen time (more than 6 hours daily) (OR 8,850; 95%CI 1,493 to 52,458; p=0,016), and history of congenital abnormalities (OR 0,256; 95%CI 0,122 to 0,537; p<0,001) were significantly associated with an increased risk of speech delay in children. On the other hand, factors such as father's and mother's occupation, parental education, family history of developmental delay, maternal health during pregnancy, gestational age, childbirth delivery method, number of siblings, birth order, birth conditions, birth weight, nutritional status, history of icterus, hearing loss, and oral motor disorders were not proven as risk factors for speech delay in children. In conclusion, gender, excessive screen time (more than six hours daily), and a history of congenital abnormalities are risk factors for speech delay in children
Asthma Guideline Barriers in Primary Care Luqyaanaa Rihaadatul 'Aisy; Alfian Nur Rosyid
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.66472

Abstract

Asthma continues to be a global health concern, with significant prevalence and mortality rates worldwide. In Indonesia, the asthma prevalence is 2.4%, and it is a leading cause of death, with an expected increase in the next decade if not effectively managed. National and international guidelines, such as those from the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), are crucial in improving asthma management. However, physician adherence to these guidelines remains a challenge, particularly in primary care settings. This literature review aims to identify the major barriers to implementing asthma management guidelines among general practitioners in primary care settings, including insufficient access to diagnostic tools and medications, inadequate physician knowledge, insurance reimbursement constraints, time and workforce limitations, and the complexity of GINA guidelines. Studies in various countries, including Nigeria, Malaysia, and Yemen, highlight these barriers and their impact on the quality of asthma care. Addressing these issues through improved resource availability, enhanced physician training, and the adaptation of guidelines to local contexts is essential for improving asthma management and patient outcomes, particularly in developing countries. Overcoming these barriers can also help reduce healthcare costs associated with asthma management.
A Cross-Sectiona Study on Health Risk Behaviours Among Adolescents in Urban Coimbatore, India Abinaya Dhandapani; P. Rathan; G. Sugunadevi
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.74503

Abstract

There are over 1.2 billion adolescents globally. In India, adolescents make up 21.8% (i.e.,. 250 million) of the population. In the South East Asia Region (SEAR), there are about 360 million adolescents, comprising around 20% of the population. Adolescents are the backbone of the growing world, becoming the future economy and labor force. Without a healthy transition, they may lead unproductive lives. Investing in adolescent health and welfare is crucial for global development. To identify health-risk behaviors and assess the factors influencing them among adolescentsaged14-17yearsin an urban field practice area of Coimbatore. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to May 2022 using the WHO-designed Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) questionnaire. A two-stage sampling method selected 420 participants. Fruit and vegetable consumption was low (1.4% and 5%), while intake of carbonated and sugar-sweetened drinks was high (70% and 62%). About 21.4% were high-risk smokers (smoked >10 days), and 60% had at least one alcoholic drink in the past 30 days. Although 75.2% were physically active and 83.1% did muscle-strengthening exercises, 84.8% rode bicycles fewer than three days a week, indicating a high risk of physical inactivity. The results underscore the need for intervention programs to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and to integrate other risk factors, such as physical activity, into health promotion among adolescents. There is a need for awareness against the harmful effects of tobacco and alcohol.
Impact of HIV/AIDS on Quality of Life in People Living with HIV (PHLV) and Their Caregivers’ – A Mix Method Study Binal Prajapati; Parimal Gurjar; Krunal Modi; Dhiren Amin; Devanshi Jani
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.76427

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has changed the life expectancy of PLHIV patients, but not the quality of life (QoL). Caregivers of PLHIV are also facing social rejection, stigma, and many more problems, similar to those of PLHIV patients. The study was designed as a mixed-method study to document the Quality of life of HIV/AIDS Patients in a tertiary care hospital. The first aspect was the quantitative part, which included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHO QoL BREF), which focused on the quality of Life of PLHIV. The second aspect focused on the qualitative part of this study, which included the in-depth interviews of caregivers of HIV Patients, trying to explore the different problems faced by caregivers of PLHIV, like social, family, health, economic, mental, stigma, etc., in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) center. The overall QoL score was 84.27±8.7. Overall QoL ranges from a minimum of 55.6 to a maximum of 101.8. The highest score, 20 out of 20, was observed in the physical domain, the independence level domain, and the SPRB (spirituality, personal and religious beliefs) domain. The lowest score, 4 out of 20, was seen in the social relationship and SPRB domains. As per the caregivers’ perspective, participants reported stigma, discrimination, and separation by their close relatives and society. In summary, the study shows that quality of life is affected by multiple variables, such as gender, age, residential area, education, socioeconomic class, and marital status. The study also concludes that caregivers of PLHIVs have to face stigma, discrimination, family rejection, society/community rejection, financial constraints, daily challenges and burden, health care facilities issues, etc.
Perception and Challenges among Medical Faculty in Implementation of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME): A Qualitative Study Ginni Agrawal; Satpinder Jit Mohan; Piyush Jain; Ruchi Sharma
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.76595

Abstract

Medical education in India is undergoing a transition with the introduction of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) by the National Medical Commission. CBME represents a shift toward outcome-oriented, learner-centered training that aims to produce competent Indian Medical Graduates (IMGs) through structured competencies, formative assessment, and continuous feedback. Despite its potential benefits, implementation across medical institutions has encountered several challenges. To explore medical faculty perceptions regarding CBME and to identify key challenges encountered during its implementation. A qualitative study was conducted over two months (June–July 2024) among first-phase faculty members involved in implementing the CBME curriculum at a medical college. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 faculty members after obtaining informed consent. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis of open-ended interviews. Faculty perceived CBME as a positive reform that enhances skill development, encourages learner-centered teaching, and improves students' early clinical exposure and clinical preparedness. However, significant challenges were identified, including inadequate faculty strength, insufficient training, limited infrastructure and logistical support, time constraints due to fixed schedules, and a lack of uniformity in assessment and implementation across institutions. Although faculty perceptions toward CBME were largely positive, its successful implementation requires focused faculty development, adequate human and infrastructural resources, structured student orientation, and standardized implementation strategies across medical colleges.
Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhoae in an Urban Field Practice Area: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Analytical Study Morale Bhagwan; Dixit Jagannath
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.76921

Abstract

Childhood diarrhoea remains a leading cause of morbidity among under-five children, particularly in the densely populated informal settlements of low- and middle-income countries, where water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions are often inadequate. Recent community-based evidence from urban field practice areas in western India is limited. This study estimated the prevalence of diarrhoea and its associated risk factors among under-five children in an urban field practice area attached to a medical college. A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 621 children under five years of age, selected by simple random sampling from a line list of children registered across 14 Anganwadi centres. Diarrhoea was defined as the passage of three or more loose stools within 24 hours during the two weeks preceding the survey. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the Modified Kuppuswamy classification (2023). Data were collected through house-to-house interviews using a pre-tested, validated semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were applied; adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The prevalence of diarrhoea was 10.47% (n=65). On multivariable analysis, unimproved drinking water (AOR 4.29; 95% CI 2.15–8.57), lack of handwashing before feeding (AOR 3.14; 95% CI 1.70–5.78), unimproved sanitation (AOR 3.07; 95% CI 1.42–6.65) and single-room occupancy (AOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.04–3.35) emerged as independent risk factors. Childhood diarrhoea remains an important public health concern in this urban setting. Improving sanitation, ensuring access to safe drinking water and promoting hand hygiene may substantially reduce diarrhoeal morbidity among children under five.
The Sociodemographic Profile of Indonesia’s Top 5 Biggest Chronic Disease: an IFLS 2014 Analysis Pauline Natania Tanjaya; Pudji Lestari; Johanes Nugroho Ekoputranto
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.78976

Abstract

Due to the drastic transformation in many sectors of life and its population characteristics, chronic diseases have become one of the biggest causes of death in Indonesia. Various speculations have been made on the demographics at risk of chronic diseases. To that end, this study aims to capture the sociodemographic profiles of the 5 most prevalent chronic diseases in Indonesia, using data from the 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). Analysis is conducted by processing data from the designated books of the 2014 IFLS 5 with SPSS. The acquired results show that most respondents suffer from hypertension, are female, and are within the span of 30 to 50 years old. More women suffer from cancer and hypertension than men, while more men suffer from heart diseases and diabetes. Most respondents come from Java and are Javanese. They mostly make up the private and government workforce and have higher incomes, in contrast to the majority low- to middle-income population of Indonesia. There are various explanations for this phenomenon, namely a longer life expectancy and more common preventive health behaviors among women, as well as biological and environmental factors that contribute to the different manifestations among men and women. Further research could be done to construct a modern-day sociodemographic profile and investigate the aforementioned phenomenon.
ELF-MF and Childhood Leukimia in Observational Studies and Meta Analysis (1999-2025): A Narrative Literature Review Jose A. Martinez
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal Community Medicine and Public Health Research
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jcmphr.v7i2.84548

Abstract

Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) have been investigated for several decades as a potential risk factor for childhood leukemia, generating a substantial body of observational studies and meta-analyses with heterogeneous findings. This narrative review provides a chronological and methodological synthesis of epidemiological evidence published between 1999 and 2025. We focus specifically on how different exposure assessment strategies have influenced reported risk estimates over time. Early pooled analyses and case–control studies consistently reported increased leukemia risks at average residential exposure levels above 0.3–0.4 μT, largely based on proxy measures such as distance to high-voltage power lines or simplified field calculations. However, more recent large-scale studies incorporating refined exposure assessment -including long-term measurements and three-dimensional modeling of overhead and underground conductors- have generally yielded weaker, inconsistent, or null associations when risk is analyzed as a function of estimated magnetic field intensity. Notably, some excess risks based on residential proximity persist, especially among younger children, highlighting a growing divergence between distance-based and field-based metrics. This pattern suggests that exposure misclassification, residual confounding, or correlated infrastructural factors may partly account for earlier positive findings. Overall, the reviewed evidence supports the continued classification of ELF-MF as a possible carcinogen while underscoring the need for improved exposure characterization to clarify causal inference and inform proportionate public health policies.

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