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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008" : 8 Documents clear

Inoculation Methods and Conidial Densities of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense in Abaca RULLY DYAH PURWATI; NURUL HIDAYAH; SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO; SUDARSONO2? SUDARSONO2?
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. Its cultivation in Indonesia is, however, hampered by the wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infections. Developing Foc resistance abaca lines require availability of established and reliable screening methods for resistance against Foc. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the (i) effectiveness of Foc inoculation methods, (ii) extent of Foc conidial densities Ã¢â‚¬â€œ for causing the wilt in abaca, and (iii) responses of ten abaca cultivars against Foc infection. Results of this study showed that the method of inoculation by wounding abaca roots followed submerging the wounded plant in suspension of Foc conidia (106 conidia/ml) for 2 hours before planting was the most effective method for causing the wilt. Among ten abaca cultivars tested, none was resistant to Foc infection. Based on the calculation of disease intensity, nine abaca cultivars were identified as very susceptible, where as one cultivar was susceptible to Foc infection. Key words: Fusarium wilt, panama disease, disease response, screening method, Musa textilis

The Use of Female Wing Measurements for Discrimination of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from South Kalimantan ABDUL GAFUR; AULIA AJIZAH
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Populations of Aedes aegypti in South Kalimantan, which have been discriminated by their cuticular components, were further studied in search for differences in their wing morphometry. Female mosquitoes were collected from five towns in the province of South Kalimantan, and Cartesian coordinates of terminal and branching points of individual wing were determined. Relative interpoint Euclidean distances were used as variables (characters) in statistical analyses. One-way ANOVA found significantly several different characters (P < 0.01). Stepwise discriminant analysis using these characters selected five discriminators which, by cross validation, could identify female A. aegypti from Barabai and Marabahan with 75 and 77.8% of success rate, respectively. On average, 57.7% of wing specimens were successfully allocated to their original populations. The study revealed differences in wing measurements among populations of A. aegypti in South Kalimantan and confirmed genetic divergence of the species in the province. Key words: Aedes aegypti, wing morphometry, discriminant analysis, identification, discrimination

Molecular Identification and Sequence Analysis of Tobacco Leaf Curl Begomovirus from Jember, East Java, Indonesia SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; ORAWAN CHATCHAWANKAN PANICH; NOOR AIDAWATI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Begomovirus had been proved as the causal agent of leaf curl disease in tobacco in Indonesia, or commonly in Indonesia called as penyakit krupuk tembakau. Association of Begomovirus with the disease was further confirmed by sequence analysis. Amplification of the virus was conducted following whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) transmission. Fragment of DNA 1.6 kb was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) located within the replication initiator protein gene and coat protein gene (top region). Conserved sequence of stem loop region was found, included nonanucleotide sequence TAATATTAC present in all geminiviruses. Begomovirus associated with leaf curl disease in tobacco showed the closest relationship with Ageratum yellow vein virus - Zimbabwe, a strain of Tobacco leaf curl virus from Southern Africa. It was also known that Begomovirus associated with leaf curl disease in tobacco from Jember, East Java was different from other Indonesian Begomoviruses reported earlier. Key words: Begomovirus, leaf curl disease

Genetic Differentiations among the Populations of Salvia japonica (Lamiaceae) and Its Related Species SUDARMONO SUDARMONO; HIROSHI OKADA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Morphological and genetic variations within Salvia japonica (Lamiaceae) and its related species in Japan were analyzed for clarifying their taxonomic significance. The genetic variations were explored through chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences and allozyme polymorphisms. Since chromosome numbers characterized the genus of Salvia, we also examined whether the karyotypes were different. We examined 58 populations of S. japonica and 14 populations of others species of Salvia. Among the populations of S. japonica represented four forms (f. japonica, f. longipes, f. lanuginosa and f. albiflora). The size of chromosomes were various among Salvia spp. Based on the allozyme as well as the DNA sequence, the populations of S. japonica separated from the others Salvia species. The populations of S. japonica exhibited four combinations of the morphological characters. However, these combinations did not correlate to the four forms of S. japonica. In addition, the morphological variations did not correlate to the allozyme and DNA sequences. It is suggested that the four morphological variations as well as the four form of S. japonica should not considered to be a taxonomic unit; accordingly, S. japonica were considered to be still at the early stage of speciation process. Key words: allozyme, DNA, morphological variations, Salvia japonica

Physical Interactions between Yeast Pichia guilliermondii and Post-Harvest Fruit Pathogen Penicillium expansum SRI WIDYASTUTI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Attachment of yeast cells or bacteria on fungal hyphae have been observed in various antagonisms between microorganisms. Physical interactions between yeast Pichia guilliermondii and postharvest fruit pathogen Penicillium expansum in culture were studied in detail using light and transmission electron microscope to give better understanding on their mode of antagonism. Both organisms were co-cultured for 24-hr on potato dextrose agar. Light microscopy observations on the co-culture showed that the yeast cells attached firmly on the fungal hyphae. This attachment was inhibited by several substances such as enzymes degrading protein (protease or trypsin), a respiration inhibitor (sodium azide), an acid (hydrochloric acid) or an alkali (sodium hydroxide). Although autoclaved hyphae did not affect the attachment, but boiled enzymes and autoclaved yeast cells totally abolished the attachment. These evidences suggested that the attachment might be an active process mediated by certain protein from live yeast cells. Transmission electron micrographs on the ultrastructure of the co-culture revealed that the hyphae showed abnormalities in their structure and organelles, and a degree of obvious damage. Physical interactions observed in this study could be contributed to the mechanism of antagonism between P. guilliermondii and P. expansum. Key words: Pichia guilliermondii, Penicillium expansum, attachment, transmission electron microscope

The Use of Selected Biomarkers, Phagocytic and Cholinesterase Activity to Detect the Effects of Dimethoate on Marine Mussel (Mytilus edulis) KHUSNUL YAQIN; BIBIANA WIDIATI LAY; ETTY RIANI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Effects of organophosphorous pesticide, dimethoate on blue mussels, Mytilus edulis using selected biomarkers have been studied. Mussels were exposed to serial dilutions of dimethoate, 7.88, 15.75, 31.35, and 63.00 Ã‚Âµg/l including positive and negative controls for 14 days. The suppression effects of dimethoate on phagocytic activity significantly occurred at two lowest concentrations of dimethoate (7.88 and 15.75 Ã‚Âµg/l), but stimulation effects significantly emerged at the following highest concentrations (31.35 and 63.00 Ã‚Âµg/l). The declining tendency of the cholinesterase (ChE) activity (23% lower than the control) appeared when mussels exposed to 7.88 and 15.75 Ã‚Âµg/l dimethoate. Moreover, the significant inhibition of the ChE activity occurred at 31.35 Ã‚Âµg/l dimethoate exposure. This study suggested that the phagocytic and the ChE activity are useful biomarkers for assessing the affects of organophosporous pesticide, dimethoate on neuro-immune system of blue mussels, M. edulis. Key words: dimethoate, cholinesterase, phagocytic, blue mussels

Assessment of Fertility Status in the Male Sumatran Rhino at the Sumateran Rhino Sanctuary, Way Kambas National Park, Lampung MUHAMMAD AGIL; IMAN SUPRIATNA; BAMBANG PURWANTARA; DEDI CANDRA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Sumatran rhino is the most endangered rhino species. Its population is estimated less than 300 individuals remaining in the wild with highly declining rate to 50% in the last 15 years. The number of male rhinoceroses in the captivity are very few, therefore the assessment of its fertility is very important in order to support the breeding success since the captive breeding success is very poor. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the male reproductive status, (ii) to establish a reliable semen collection method, and (iii) to assess semen parameters of the fresh collected sample. Three methods of semen collection were examined to determine its fertilizing potential, i.e. (i) stimulated combination of artificial vagina (AV), penile massage (PM) and accessory gland massage (AGM); (ii) AV and PM; and (iii) only with PM. The first method gave the best result with an ejaculation success of 85.71% (6/7, n = 7). The second and third methods obtained an ejaculation success rate of 50% (2/4, n = 4)) and 25% (1/4, n = 4), respectively. The collected ejaculates had a volume of 1.2-12.4 ml with whitish to cream turbid colour and pH 6.90-6.99. Sperm concentration was (143-333) x 103 sperm/ml. The quality of the sperm was low with only approximately 1% of them moved forward slowly. Approximately 80% of the spermatozoa were immature (prox. cytoplasmic droplet) with head (macro-, microcephalic) and tail abnormalities (broken tail). Semen quality increased after several collections and the amount of immature sperm decreased up to 5%. Electroejaculation procedure could produce 34 ml semen, but no sperm was found in the ejaculate. Hence, the combination of AV, PM, and AGM could get higher volume of ejaculate compared to other methods, but sperm concentration was better obtained using AV and PM only. Repeated semen collection increased semen quality, although the male has low fertilizing capacity due to low sperm concentration (oligozoospermia) and small volume of the ejaculate (oligospermia). Key words: Sumatran rhino, semen, sperms, collection

Potency of Piper crocatum Decoction as an Antihiperglycemia in Rat Strain Sprague dawley MEGA SAFITHRI; FARAH FAHMA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Current researches for appropriate hypoglycemic agents focused on plants for traditional medicine. Traditionally in diabetic treatment, people used decoctions of Piper crocatum (Piperaceae). However, there is no phytochemical data of decoctions extract of P. crocatum. Hence, the aims of this study were to explore the phytochemical of P. crocatum decoctions and its antihyperglicemic activity. Fresh leaves of P. crocatum were boiled in water to obtain decoction and were examined phytochemical compounds by using Harbone assay. Antihyperglicemic activity of P. crocatum decoction extract was orally fed to alloxan induced diabetic rats. Results showed that P. crocatum decoction extract contained flavonoids, tanins, and alkaloids. Ten days of daily treatment of various doses decoction extract of P. crocatum led to reduce blood sugar level by 10-38% and prevent fall in body weight level by 5-52%. This result showed the same activity as Daonil treatment, which was the diabetic drug. Hence, this extract showed antihyperglicemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and increasing of their body weight. Key words: Piper crocatum, antihyperglicemic, phytochemical

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