Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech)
Aims International Journal of Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) is a peer-reviewed, biannual journal that promotes the development and application of smart technologies in various sectors, such as mechanical & materials engineering, automotive & manufacturing process, energy conversion & renewable energy, robotics, mechatronic & artificial intelligent, chemical & biomedical engineering, marine & aerospace technologies, transportations, infrastructures and environment. Smart technologies offer practical and sustainable solutions in the modern life of humankind by employing the latest technological advancements. Scope The journal presents and disseminates new developments and the latest findings in all fields of engineering and technology, especially those that contribute to the implementation of smart technologies. The topics covered by the journal include but are not limited to: autonomous systems, mechatronics and robotics, control systems in automobiles and intelligent transport systems, smart structures, materials, and metallurgy nanotechnologies and advanced materials in engineering application, sustainable and green buildings, green technology and industry 4.0, IoT-based systems, sensor network, artificial intelligence and smart grids, biomedical engineering, bioenergy technologies, design and development of automotive technologies and manufacturing process, vehicle modelling and safety, modelling and simulation (CFD) in engineering application, vehicle design and aerodynamics, applied mechanics, structure and manufacturing technology, material processing and technology for vehicles and other mechanical use, coatings technologies in engineering application, engine technologies and development for vehicles and other engineering application, hybrid and electric vehicle technologies, vehicle braking and suspension systems, thermodynamics application in engineering application, combustion and reacting flows in automotive and other engineering application, applied heat and mass transfer, fluid and thermal engineering, heating and cooling systems (HVAC) in vehicles and engineering application, fuels and lubricants in automotive engineering, development of energy conversion and conservation, new-and-renewable energy, and alternative energy in engineering application, fuel cell and solar energy, the engine technology and emission control, automotive pollution and control, vehicle motion and control systems, noise and vibrations control, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, tribology in engineering application.
Articles
49 Documents
<![CDATA[Investigation of electrical tree stress using colour techniques ]]>
<![CDATA[Abderrazzaq, Mohammad]]>
<![CDATA[ Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.23917/arstech.v3i1.456
<![CDATA[Treeing is one of the severe problems which cause the deterioration and breakdown of electrical insulation materials. Different approaches have been used to characterise this phenomenon, from experiments to analysis. The results of both methods were criticised for their dependence on the assumptions and applied conditions. In this work, the role of colours in understanding the characteristics of electrical treeing in composite insulation was employed. The relationship between the induced strain, associated with the electrical tree, and the change of colour parameters, represented by hue, saturation, and value indicators, was presented. The images were created by relative retardation orthogonal components of the polarised white light used to illuminate the specimens in the microscope. An image-editing software was used to analyse the tree colours, whereas the MATLAB program was written to determine the colour mapping of examined image. The variation of each colour parameter was linked with the tree distribution. It was then introduced as an indicator of stress at each examined point. Therefore, the contribution of the present paper is summarised as an introduction of a new tool to characterise stress in insulation materials by converting a treed image into a numerical array of data without the need to follow a complex mathematical procedure. Finally, this paper can better assess the treeing phenomenon by correlating the direction of tree growth to the rate of change for each colour parameter in that direction.]]>
<![CDATA[IoT-based system for monitoring the drying time of date seeds in the manufacturing of date coffee ]]>
<![CDATA[Jasmine, Arviena]]>;
<![CDATA[Triawati, Erma]]>
<![CDATA[ Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.23917/arstech.v3i1.480
<![CDATA[Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a plant of the Phoenix palms whose fruit tastes sweet and can be consumed by humans. These fruit seeds usually only become a waste and never be utilised by people. The research tries to reduce the waste of date palm by using the date palm fruit seeds to replace the coffee beans. One of the processes of changing date palm fruit seeds to coffee beans is drying the seeds. Instead of using a traditional drying method, this study has designed a prototype of an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system tools inside the drying room that allow humidity and temperature sensors, heater, fan, and mixer to be monitored through a smartphone in real-time. Hence, the monitoring tools inside the drying room could be controlled easily, and the data could be saved as databases in smartphone applications.]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of D2 tools ]]>
<![CDATA[Hariningsih, Hariningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Lutiyatmi, Lutiyatmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Daryanto, Tri]]>
<![CDATA[ Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.23917/arstech.v3i1.761
<![CDATA[D2 high chromium tool steel is widely used to produce tools and components that work at significant dynamic loads, such as dies, punches and rollers. The steel must have a good combination of strength and toughness, which heat treatment can obtain. Therefore, this study discusses the effect of normalising, hardening, and tempering on the microstructure and hardness of D2 tools. Normalising and hardening were carried out respectively at 1020°C for 30 minutes, followed by rapid cooling using oil. Tempering was realised by reheating the quenched sample at 250°C and 400°C with variations in holding time of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes. The hardness of the specimens was measured using a Rockwell hardness tester, whereas the microstructure was observed with an optical microscope. The results indicated that the microstructure changes to martensite and carbide after quenching, while the microstructure becomes tempered martensite and carbide after tempering. Normalising and hardening have almost no impact on hardness, and the increase in temperature and holding time causes a decrease in hardness. The reduction in hardness is noticeable for steels tempered to 400 °C and held for 45 minutes.]]>
<![CDATA[Image-based disease detection and classification in Indian apple plant species by using deep learning ]]>
<![CDATA[Wani, Sidrah Fayaz]]>;
<![CDATA[Ashraf, Arselan]]>;
<![CDATA[Sophian, Ali]]>
<![CDATA[ Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.23917/arstech.v3i1.1021
<![CDATA[Plant diseases are a major threat to food security, but their rapid identification remains difficult in many parts of the world due to the lack of the necessary infrastructure. Traditional farming methods are insufficient to address the impending global food crises. As a result, agricultural productivity growth is critical, and new techniques and methods are required for efficient and sustainable farming practices that balance the supply chain according to customer demand. Even though India is one of the most agriculturally dependent countries, it nevertheless suffers from various agricultural shortages. Plant diseases that go unnoticed and untreated are one such deprivation. Developing an intelligent automated technique for plant disease detection is explored in this research. Deep learning is used to create a smart system for image-based disease detection in Indian apple plant species. Specifically, this study uses a convolution neural network architecture, ResNet-34, to identify diseases in apple plants. Based on 70-30% and 80-20% dataset partition, the proposed model obtained an accuracy of 97.5% and 98.4%, respectively. The results obtained from this study illustrate the productive exploration and utility of the proposed model for future research by implementing various deep learning models and incorporating additional modules that provide cure and preventative measures for the detected diseases. ]]>
<![CDATA[Development of an acoustic guitar tuner and graphical user interface (GUI) using MATLAB ]]>
<![CDATA[Hasan, Mohammad Mainul]]>;
<![CDATA[Islam, Saiful]]>
<![CDATA[ Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1185
<![CDATA[Beautiful music requires precisely tuned instruments. Tuning a guitar is necessary for any guitarist on their first day. This work demonstrates an understanding of the critical characteristics that must be considered while developing an acoustic guitar tuner and the logical process of designing such a tuner. The study aimed to create an algorithm using the Butterworth Filter and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) capable of adequately analysing the frequency spectrum of a plucked guitar string to determine its fundamental frequency. The developed system compared the detected frequency and the standard frequency of the picked guitar string, which then requested the user on the tuning state of that corresponding string. The error in frequency detection was found to be in the order of 0.02%. The MATLAB App Designer tool created a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that users could use to easily tune guitars using the generated application. The implemented tuner overcame the steep learning curve and high sensitivity of traditional ones.]]>
<![CDATA[The effects of robot's social praise on human responses in 2D game ]]>
<![CDATA[Fadli, Nursabrina Suraya]]>;
<![CDATA[Ghazali, Aimi Shazwani]]>;
<![CDATA[Shamsul Bahrin, Muhammad Ikmal Hakim]]>
<![CDATA[ Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1186
<![CDATA[Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is an interaction between humans and robots through verbal and/or non-verbal cues. Studies in the HRI field concern the psychological effect, especially reactance, experienced by humans in decision-making situations with robots. This study applied persuasive attempts to investigate the impact of social praise by a social robot on human psychological reactance in a decision-making situation. The robot socially expressed its recognition (an acknowledgement of the existence) and reassurance (the action of removing someone's doubts) towards humans in a game, namely "Survival in Island". Social praise was expressed verbally in adoring human activities, such as 'Good Job' for following the robot's decision-making suggestions. The study randomly divided the participants into two conditions (social praise: presence vs absence) in a between-subject design study. Besides using questionnaires to measure humans' psychological conditions, the level of stress experienced by humans was also collected using a Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor. The results indicated significant effects of social praise on perceived ease of use toward the robot, perceived intention to use the robot again in the future, perceived belief towards the robot and perceived compliance with the robot's suggestions through MANOVA tests. The study did not find other significant psychological and physiological effects of praise.]]>
<![CDATA[Enhancing social responses: effects of controlling language by a social robot in a decision-making game for human-robot interaction (HRI) ]]>
<![CDATA[Rosli, Muhammad Azeem]]>;
<![CDATA[Ghazali, Aimi Shazwani]]>;
<![CDATA[Shamsul Bahrin, Muhammad Ikmal Hakim]]>
<![CDATA[ Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1187
<![CDATA[The rise of technology has induced the development of robots that engage with humans through social interaction. The robot is believed to be capable of assisting humans in their life. However, the current technology is still far from a fully autonomous robot as there are many limitations. Additionally, it is unclear whether the current social robot effectively influences social reactance in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The study's objective is to investigate the influence of social cues used by the social robot on human social responses for HRI applications. Also, the study validates the reactance scale used in the questionnaire by correlating the measure with Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) readings. The study proposes a Wizard of Oz (WoZ) approach to observe HRI through decision-making games. A social robot is programmed to persuade participants to make choices. The participants' decisions made during the experiment and their GSR reading are recorded, and then they are asked to answer questionnaires. Statistical analyses are done on the collected data using the regression and MANOVA statistical tests. As a result, there is a significant correlation between GSR reading and enjoyment. Regarding social cues, the participants feel more relaxed when the social robot exhibits social cues in High Controlling Language (HCL) conditions rather than Low Controlling Language (LCL) conditions. Furthermore, the Attitude trait of the social robots greatly influences human perceived social intelligence towards the robot.]]>
<![CDATA[CanSat design and implementation for remote sensing applications ]]>
<![CDATA[Atallah, Mohammed]]>;
<![CDATA[Alkalbani, Dhabiya]]>;
<![CDATA[Alsheryani, Maha]]>;
<![CDATA[Albedwawi, Moza]]>;
<![CDATA[Alshehhi, Reem]]>;
<![CDATA[Almeqbaali, Reem]]>;
<![CDATA[Okasha, Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Dief, Tarek N.]]>
<![CDATA[ Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1188
<![CDATA[With the increasing potential of satellite technology, it becomes crucial to learn its principles and develop the basic satellite subsystems for the undergraduate level. Working on a real satellite is a challenging target and requires a solid technical background. In contrast, less complex models, such as CanSat, CubSat and HeptaSat, introduce basic ideas to the undergraduate studies level. This paper presents the CanSat design and implementation for remote sensing applications such as measuring the CO2 level in contaminated areas. The CanSat has the size of a soft drink can and simulates the subsystems of the satellite (e.g., payload, power, communication, onboard computer, and structural). Its mission was to be released from a certain altitude and send real-time data to the ground station during landing. The design process was elucidated at the subsystem level. It included the mission requirements and specifications, component selection, and software and hardware design. Arduino Nano was utilised as an onboard computer. A printed Circuit Board (PCB) was designed using Diptrace© to connect the electronic components to Arduino Nano. Xbee was used as a communication module to send the collected data to the host computer. This data was visualised in real-time by LabView©.]]>
<![CDATA[A remotely-controlled micro airship for wireless coverage ]]>
<![CDATA[Kafafy, Raed]]>;
<![CDATA[Okasha, Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Alblooshi, Shamma]]>;
<![CDATA[Almansoori, Hessa]]>;
<![CDATA[Alkaabi, Salma]]>;
<![CDATA[Alshamsi, Salma]]>;
<![CDATA[Alkaabi, Turfa]]>
<![CDATA[ Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1190
<![CDATA[This paper describes the design process and prototype development of a remotely controlled airship for wireless coverage. The airship is designed to be used as a platform to provide wireless coverage for rural areas. The design process follows a systematic design process for lighter-than-air vehicles, modified to impart slight heaviness to the vehicle. A remotely-controlled, thrust-vectored electric propulsion system offsets the slight vehicle heaviness. The electric propulsion system comprises two tilting rotors for takeoff, cruise, hovering, and horizontal manoeuvring. A rudder-less, rotor-less, cruciform fin design was implemented. A reduced-scale prototype of the airship was developed to prove the design concept. The airship prototype was successfully tested in an indoor environment. It was discovered that propeller tilting enables the dynamic thrust vectoring demanded by the various flight manoeuvres. If the airship can fly, no one will have to handle its flight when it is needed for wireless coverage.]]>
