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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 10   11   12   13   14 
The Association between Mn-SOD Gene Polymorphism and Peripheral Neuropathy in Type2 Diabetic Patients of Babylon Province-Iraq Asma’a H. Mohamed1, Haider K. Zaidan2, Ali H. Al-Saadi3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.115

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress has been known to be implicated in the onset and development of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance and both are involved in diabetes. The mechanisms involved in oxidative stress-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy include the generation of reactive oxygen species ROS, excesses reactive nitrogen species RNS, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and reduction in cellular antioxidants. Polymorphisms in genes responsible for encoding these antioxidant enzymes causes the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Aim: this study was aimed to indicated the role of genes encoding manganese (Mn-SOD) superoxide dismutase in the pathogenesis of DPN in a type2 diabetic patients of Babylon province. Ala(-9)Val polymorphism of Mn-SOD gene polymorphism were studied in type2 diabetic patients with (n=30) and without DPN (n=30).Results: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique were used for detection Mn-SOD polymorphisms. This technique included the use of PCR primers (Forward and Reverse) to produce a restriction site in the amplified Mn-SOD gene product just with the polymorphic base. Then, the product of (PCR) was digested with Bsh TI restriction enzyme to detect Ala(-9) polymorphic position. The results of Ala(-9)Val polymorphism showed that the frequency of Ala/Ala, Ala/Val, and Val/Val were 63.3%, 20%, and 13.3% in healthy control subject and 36.6%, 33.3%, and 30% in diabetic without neuropathy countered by 23.3%, 20%, and 56.6% in diabetic with neuropathy. This proposed that the Ala(-9)Val polymorphism in the Mn-SOD gene is significantly associated with a risk for progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Conclusions: Homozygote pattern Ala/Ala were more frequent in control groups compared with homozygote pattern Val/Val were significantly more frequent in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients.
Lemon Crude Extract Modulates Ito Cells Activation in High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Liver Steatosis in Male Mice Liqaa Oday Ali1, Ahmed G. AL-Helal1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.116

Abstract

Background: Different types of polyphenols exist in many sources such as fruits, vegetables and herbs. For example, lemon has mainly flavonoids (such as Hesperidine, Eryoketrine, Narignine, Hesperidine, routine and chlorogenic acid). Research conducted in vivo and in vitro showed that lemons have different health benefits, such as anti-cancer effect, antimicrobial, antihyperlidemia and protective effect against liver disease. In addition, lemons are used to treat liver disorders. Therefore, current research was aimed to investigate the protective effect of the prolonged use of Lemon Crude Extract. Methods: Sixty male albino mice (4 weeks old, weighing between 20-25g) were used. They were divided into 3 groups (n= 20) for each group during the period from January 2018 to May 2018. Group I was used as control, Group II induction group was fed with (HCD), Group III was fed a (HCD) and treated with 1:1m/v of 100% (LCE) for 12 weeks.: Results Histological variations were identified in Group II by disturbed hepatic architecture, congestion in blood sinusoids and portal veins and infiltration of lymphocytes. Also, there was peri portal steatosis that was observed in HCD-fed mice. In addition, there was significant increase in Ito cells that was identified by desmin antibody. Moreover, these variations were less noticeable in Group III. Conclusion: Lemon has a protective effect against activation of Ito cells in fatty liver
Assessment of Serum Advanced Glycation End-Product Level and Its Effect on Periodontal Health Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Lara Kusrat Hussein1, A.N. Mohammed2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.117

Abstract

Background: The bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis was obvious as both of them are considered chronic diseases. The risk of developing periodontitis was reported to be higher in diabetic patients specially with poorly control diabetes mellitus, which in turn can negatively impact glycemic control. Advanced glycation end-products have intertwined relationship with oxidative product; increased in advanced glycation end-products could lead to oxidative stress and vice versa. The aim of current study was to investigate the possibility of using serum levels of (AGEs) for identification of the periodontal pathological condition in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes. Method: Twenty healthy individuals (control group), 30 patients with severe chronic periodontitis and 30 poorly controlled diabetic patients with severe chronic periodontitis were included. Full mouth (plaque index PlI, gingival index GI, bleeding on probing BOP, probing pocket depth PPD, clinical attachment loss CAL) were recorded by periodontal probing and serum advanced glycation end-products concentration were assayed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Results: A non-significant difference was reported in plaque index PlI, gingival index GI, bleeding on probing between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis, while probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss revealed a significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Advanced glycation end-products presented with highest level in diabetic group (26.92) followed by chronic periodontitis group (15.91) then the control group (6.60), however, the correlation was non-significant with periodontal parameters. Conclusions: It is possible to use serum advanced glycation end-products level in the early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis in patients with and without diabetes.
Serum Fatty Acid Synthase Level in Patients with Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Farooq Yaseen Khuhair1, Hassan H. AL-Saeed1, Laith Amer Abd-Al-Hussain2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.118

Abstract

Background: Human Fatty Acid Synthase is highly expressed in many human cancers. Previous studies have shown that this enzyme is expressed at very high levels in prostate cancer and that the growth of prostate cancer cell line can be inhibited by pharmacological inhibitors that target this enzyme. Additionally, some studies have reported that this enzyme is overexpressed not only in tissue, but also in serum of patients with various cancers. The aim of this study was to,evaluate serum levels of this enzyme in patients with prostate cancer and in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia as well as to investigate whether it can be used as a biomarker for detection of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: By using an FASN ELISA kit, we measured serum levels of Human Fatty Acid Synthase in 35 patients with prostate cancer and 35 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. We also measured serum FASN levels of 35 healthy volunteers enlisted as normal controls. Results: Serum FASN levels in prostate cancer patients were significantly higher than in healthy control subjects, but FASN levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were not significantly higher than in healthy control subjects. Conclusions: Serum FASN levels are expressed at significantly high levels in human prostate cancer. Serum FASN levels were not expressed at significantly high levels in human benign prostatic hyperplasia. FASN serum levels may be additional biomarker for prostate cancer detection.
Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts of Spirulina Platensis Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi Isolated from Different Sites on Human Body Intesar Kareem Abdul Hassan1, Ammar Adnan Tuama1, Khamael Ali Kareem1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.119

Abstract

Spirulina platensis are filamentous, undifferentiated, non-toxigenic cyanobacteria that have been used as food since ancient times. There have been numerous studies on its antioxidant and antimicrobial actions. Spirulina as many other cyanobacteria species have the potential to produce a large number of antimicrobial substances, so they are considered as suitable organisms for exploitation as biocontrol agents of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In the present study, antimicrobial activity of Spirulina platensis solvent extracts in serial dilution was investigated against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of Spirulina platensis was determined against pathogenic bacterial and fungal isolates. The methanol extract of Spirulina platensis showed maximum zone of inhibition against all the bacterial and fungal isolates.
The Problem of Multidrug Resistance Bacterial Strains in Daily Clinical Practice in Dealing with Typhoid Fever in Mid-Euphrates Region of Iraq: A Cross Sectional Study Huda Jabbar Dibby1, Radhi Farhod Shlash2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.120

Abstract

Background: in our community, typhoid fever is common infectious disease based on daily clinical practice and the emergence of multidrug resistant strains a evidenced by worldwide reports and our daily clinical observation necessitate optimizing antibiotic approach to treat such common infectious disease.Aim of the study: we aimed in this study to highlight the problem of multi-drug resistance in daily clinical practice when treating typhoid fever.Patients and methods: The present cross sectional study included 95 cases with clinical and laboratory evidences of typhoid fever. Venous blood sample was obtained from each patient and sent to the lab for purpose of culture and sensitivity. The study was carried out at the department of Medicine / Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital, Al-Diwaniyah province, Mid-Euphrates region of Iraq. The study started on January 2018 and extended through October 2018.Results: Regarding amoxicillin, azithromycin and cefotaxime, isolates obtained from 60 patients (63.2 %) were resistant whereas isolates from 35 patients were sensitive. Ciprofoxacin and ceftriaxone were totally ineffective since resistance was recorded in all enrolled isolates (100.0 %). On the other hand, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and imipenem produced the best results since all isolates were sensitive to these antibiotics. The resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi were more associated with urban areas than with rural regions, 75 % versus 58.2 %; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05).Conclusion: antibiotic approach to typhoid fever is a dynamic rather than a static phenomenon that needs revision regularly and that drug individualization according to culture and sensitivity rule should be adopted by all health workers and institutes when dealing with outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi.
Analysis of CTLA-4 (+49A/G) Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Babylon province of Iraq Raafat M. AL- Enzi1, Jawad Kadhim Tarrad1, Moshtak A. Wtwt1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.121

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). It typically affects the lungs, but can also affect other sites (extra- pulmonary TB). The disease is spread when sick individuals expel bacteria into the air, for example by coughing.Aim of Study: To highlight the effect of CTLA-4 (+49A/G) gene polymorphism on the risk of pulmonary Tuberculosis (pTB).Patients and Methods: This case-controlled study used single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) to analyze the CTLA-4 (+49A/G) gene polymorphism in 60 patients with pTB who were referred to consultant clinic for respiratory diseases in Hilla – Babylon province/ Iraq during the period from December 2017 to July 2018, and 60 healthy persons’ control. Blood samples were collected from both groups according to the standard methods.Results: Data analysis revealed that the frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes in patients were 73.33%, 23.33%, and 3.34% respectively. In controls, this frequency was 51.67%, 35%, and 13.33% respectively. Logistic regression test detected a significant difference in the frequency of the (GG genotype) mutant homozygous of this polymorphism between patients and controls (3.34% versus 13.33%), The GG genotype of CTLA-4(+49A/G) showed a significantly decreased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis disease (OR= 0.18, 95% CI= 0.04 – 0.88, P value = 0.035).Conclusion: The GG genotype of CTLA-4 may decrease the risk of pTB.
Screening Motives among Attendants of Breast Cancer-Early Detection Clinics, in Iraq Marwah Imad Al Ameen1, Khalid Kareem Rajab2, Besmah Mohammed Ali3, Jawad Kadhim Al Diwan4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.122

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The early detection model for breast cancer in Iraq is a combined program of an early diagnosis for symptomatic attendants and an opportunistic unsystematic breast clinical examination screening that mainly depend on attendants’ request. With an aim to initiate breast cancer screening program, the current study’s objective is to illustrate the prevalence and motives of screening behavior among attendants.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted for a period of three months, interviewing 500 randomly selected attendants of two breast cancer early detection clinics in Baghdad city. Data presented in frequency and percentages and analyzed by binary logistic regression, P ? 0.05 reflected a significant association.Results: The results showed that only 42 (8.4%) attended the breast clinics with screening intention. Being employed (OR= 3.198; 95% C.I.= 1.284 – 7.964; P=0.013) or a student (OR=6.605; 95% C.I.= 1.125 – 38.759; P=0.037), of high socioeconomic status (OR=2.695; 95% C.I.= 1.036 –7.012; P =0.042) and having a positive family history of breast cancer (OR= 5.17; 95% C.I.= 2.466 –10.855; P <0.001) were significant reasons for breast cancer screening.Conclusions: Reforming the health system and tackling access barriers to screening should be endorsed through applying multiple components interventions to increase women participation in the service with a special focus on the less empowered under-served ones.
Study the Toxicity and Anticancer activity of Some New Amic Acid and Their Derivatives of Mefenamic acid Ali A. Sabah1, Muna S. Al-Rawi1, Jumbad H. Tomma1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.123

Abstract

A series of amic acid derivatives of mefenamic acid were synthesized with the aim of inhibitting topical gastrointestinal toxicity of mefenamic acid. The key intermediate amic acid (III) was prepared from the reaction of acid hydrazid of mefenamic acid(II) with phthalic anhydrides in dry actone. The new type of imide compound (IV) was dehydrated the amic acid(III) with acetic anhydrous and sodium acetate. The esterification of hydroxyl groups of amic acid (III) produce corresponding ester(V), which was condensed with hydrazine hydrate to give acid hydrazide (VI), then the later compound reacted with syringaldehyde in dry benzene to yield new schiff base (VII). The new derivatives containing heterocyclic unit (VIII)-(X), four and five, member ring were successfully formed such as azetidin-2-one, thiazolidin-4-one, and,imidazolidin-4-one. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using FTIR, 1HNMR, Mass and CHN-S. The antibacterial activities of some synthesized compounds were screened and showed a highest or low inhibition against Staph.aureus (G+), Bacillus subtilisa (G+), Klebsiella pneumoniae (G-), and E.coli (G-). Also, The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of some the synthesized compounds was tested against MCF-7 cell line (human breast carcinoma cells) and positive results were obtained for some of them, which encouraged us to study the toxicity using living organisms (mice) to evaluate its acute toxicity and proved the resules of non-toxicity of the derivatives.
Investigating Effects of Salvia Officinalis (Sage) on Development of Mice Embryos Kidney and Some Hormonal Effect of Treated Mothers Ban Thabit Al- Ani1, Rana R Al Saadi2, Raad Ghazi Reshan3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.124

Abstract

Background Salvia officinalis (sage) is commonly employed in both medicinal and culinary preparations, Salvia plants are antioxidant and can improve ‘head and brain’ function.Aim of study: To examine effects of aqueous plant extract of sage on development of mouse embryos kidney and hormonal effect of treated mothers.Material and Method: Thirty adult albino Swiss female mice were used in this experiments study, their weight was 23-27 gm, three groups with 10 mice per group were categorized as:G(A) orally treated with sage aqueous extract (167.8) mg/kg, G(B) administration orally with sage aqueous extract (83.9) mg/kg, G(C) orally treated with distilled water (control group) for 6 weeks. For histological study, the pregnant female mice have been sacrificed at day 17 of gestation of each group and 30 mice embryos were fixed in Bouin’s fixative, paraffin infiltration. Specimen stains with H&E. After 24 hours from last orally dose of treatment period, 3 animals from each groups were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, 3 ml blood sample was collected from each animals, serum reproductive hormonal assay of FSH, LH, E2 and P4 were performed depends on kit assay procedure of ELISA kit.Result :Histological examination of embryonic kidney after maternally oral administrated of sage reveals, different histopathological changes of embryonic renal tissue, also results revealed an increase that is highly significant (P< 0.01) in the numbers of fetuses belongs to G(A) and G(B) mothers at day 17 in comparison with G(C). Statistical analysis revealed in contrast with G(C) a highly significant (P< 0.01) rise in weights of fetuses (males and females) belonged to mothers of G(A) and G(B), while, serum hormones level show highly significant (p?0.01) rise in E2 and P4 level in G(B) when compared with G(A), while significant decrease (P<0.05) in FSH level in G(A) and G(B), and there was a significant rise (P<0.05) in LH hormone level in G(A) and G(B).

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