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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude Towards Medical Ethics among Medical Students Arti Ajay Kasulkar1 , Ayushi Keoliya2 , Madhur Gupta3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11445

Abstract

Background: A sense of discontent with services of medical practitioners and growing reliance on alternativemedicine with increased public awareness, negative publicity leads to increased lawsuits against medicalprofessionals. Medical ethics training provides a basis for balancing one’s obligation to patient and practice,as well as responsibility to those seeking medical care. Aims and Objectives: To assess medical students’knowledge and attitude towards medical ethics. Material and Method: A cross-sectional questionnairebased study among 246 medical undergraduates was conducted. Data was analyzed for percentage, meanand ‘t’ test. Results: Majority knew importance of medical ethics in medical profession and existenceof institutional ethics committee. 84.9% agreed that written informed consent should be mandatory.Response was statistically significant regarding confidentiality (p=0.001883), utmost respect for humanlife (p=0.00542) and respect for dignity and privacy of patient (p=0.001408). 80.4% disagreed that ethicalconduct is important only to avoid legal action. 82.5% agreed strongly to integrate medical ethics in medicalcurriculum. Conclusion: Though students had adequate knowledge about medical ethics, reinforcement atall levels of medical education is necessary.
Different Types of Diatoms Seen in the River Narmada in India Arushi Chawla1 , Dhwani Patel2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11446

Abstract

Aim: To determine the different types of diatoms present in the waters of River Narmada flowing through5 distinct cities of India and ending into the Arabian Sea. Different types of Diatoms were observed withchange in the course of water. Objective: The study shall assist to determine the different types of diatomspresent in the river Narmada. Materials and Method: The study does not require any special instrumentsand the technique used to extract the diatoms from the waters is also very simple to perform. In this studythe acid digestion technique is not used but the technique is slightly modified in order to prevent the damageto the walls of the diatoms. Result: Various types of diatoms were seen and the diatoms present in the watercollected from different cities of India are found to be different including the species unique to the area.Conclusion: The study describes the type of diatom present in the water of river Narmada collected fromdifferent places.
A Study of Age Estimation by Radiological Assessment of Ossification Centers at Hand Wrist and Elbow Joint at a Tribal Teaching Medical College of Adilabad B Shekhar Rao1 , Mohd Inayatulla Khan2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11447

Abstract

Background: Radiological assessment of the skeletal ages is an important tool for the estimation of age inthe living. Such data can be very useful for forensic practitioners especially in developing countries some ofthe population is uneducated where the birth records are not present.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences [RIMS], Adilabad. A total of n=26 males and n=46 females caseswere examined for the ossification at 4 areas which include left-Hand epiphyses (the distal end of radius andulna), Base of the first metacarpal and Conjoint Epiphyses. The assessment of radiographic images of handand elbow joints was based on the revised method for epiphyseal union assessment.Results: The mean ages at ossification for stage I in males were found to be 12.90 years. At stage II we foundthe mean age of 15.18 years. In stage III we found the mean age of 16.15 years and stage IV the mean agevalue at all ossification centers was 19.18 years. Similarly for females the mean values of all ossificationcenters at the stage I estimated the age of 14.12 years. In stage II the mean age estimated was 15.27 yearsand stage III the mean age estimated was 16.29 years and stage IV mean age estimated was 17.96 years.Conclusion: Within the constraints of the present study we found that hand wrist and elbow joint radiographsare very useful for estimation of bone age in cases up to 18 years of age. We used digital radiographs alongstages for determining the degree of ossification which has a greater degree of reproducibility and reliability.
Admission, Transfer and Discharge Procedure in Hospital: Review Article Bhawna Sharma1 , Pratibha Thakur2 , Amoldeep3 , Sudhir Gupta4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11448

Abstract

Background: Admission to hospital can be traumatic experience with anxiety and fear for anyone. Theperson loses his identity, independence and control of daily living. The duration and severity of illnessinfluence his/her reaction to admission procedure. This study aim to determine the role of nurse in admissiondischarge and transfer procedure in hospitalMethods: A PubMed, Google scholar and textbooks (2000-2018) literature review was undertaken to definethe admission, discharge and transfer procedure in hospital.Results: We identified 10 relevant articles and books. The most frequently noted form of admission dischargeand transfer procedure in hospital.Conclusions: This article bring to light the procedure of admission, points to be remember duringhospitalization of patient because admission to hospital can be traumatic experience with anxiety and fearfor anyone
Descriptive Study on Emotional Intelligence Amidst Nursing Undergraduates of Choosed Nursing Institute Binal Joshi1 , Franny Joel Emmanuel2 , Vipin Vageriya3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11449

Abstract

Background: Emotional intelligence is that portion of the human soul which persuades people to perform.Emotional intelligence may accommodate student nurses while managing their personal and patients’emotions, manifesting genuine emotional reaction, while being empathetic and effective communicatorundergraduate nurse determine effective way to visualize emotions without introducing conflict of interest.It also helps in dealing with instinctive feelings, such as anger and dissatisfaction, in a nurse–patientrelationship.Objectives: Researchers have set the objectives of Computing the level of emotional intelligence amongnursing undergraduates, and to find out the Correlation among different components of emotional intelligencetool.Methodology: Researchers have used Descriptive research design, 179 Nursing Undergraduates of onenursing Institute, have been recruited as a sample with Consecutive non probability technique. Researchershave used standardized schutte self reported emotional intelligence tool in the form of 5 point likert scale,Results: Researchers have identify that 130 sample ( 72.63% ) have average emotional intelligence, 25sample ( 13.97%) have good emotional intelligence, 24 sample (13.41%) have poor emotional intelligence.Mean distribution suggests that perception of emotions has mean of 35.13, managing own emotions mean is35.21, managing others emotions mean is 31.41, Utilization of emotions mean is 24.55.Conclusion: It also reciprocates that each of the components of emotional intelligence tool have positivecorrelation with each other components. Thus Researchers have concluded that to boost the emotionalstability an individual should emphasize their own self. This may also lead in positive social change,reducing emotional conflicts, resulting in high productivity
Role of Cardiac Troponin I in Case of Death Time EstimationAn in Vitro Study Boddupally Ravi Kumar1 , Prakash Chandra Jha2 , Shakti Shishodia3 , Dattatraya P. Kale4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11450

Abstract

Background- Beta blockers are used for treating hypertension but few of them when taken in overdosecan be fatal. Acebutolol is one such beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent that is considered one of the mosttoxic beta blockers when taking overdose. Determination of postmortem interval is a common practice inmedicolegal investigation.Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the degradation pattern of cTnI with respect totime.Materials And Methods: Group 1 were anesthetized with Sodium pentobarbital (40 IP). The chest cavitywas then quickly opened, and the heart was excised out. Group 2 (Asphxial Death) were sacrificed byclamping a tracheostomy tube. Group 3 (Acebutolol Death) were sacrificed by giving an oral lethal dose ofAcebutolol(6620mg/kg). Incubation at 28º C for different time interval (0 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24hrs, 48 hrs,72 hrs, 96 hrs and 100 hrs). The heart was then isolated and freezed at-80ºC.The extraction of protein fromtissue was optimized so as to stop or minimize the degradation of protein during the extraction process. Theconventional method was used for extraction with slight modifications in the extraction buffer and an addedstep of carrying every step of the extraction process at low temperature (1-4ºC)Results- The data clearly established that the degradation pattern of cTnI is different for all the three groupsControl, Acebutolol and Asphyxia. In case of Acebutolol the degradation of cTnI into its molecular fragmentsis at a much faster rate when compared to the Control and Asphyxia groups, The difference in degradationof cTnI is because Acebutolol is highly cardiotoxic, and its effect on cardiac tissues is high and immediate.Conclusion- The degradation of intact cTnI into smaller molecular fragments is also dependent upontemperature. In order to know more about the measurement of cTnI fragmentation for the determination ofthe postmortem interval, further investigations are necessary to understand more about the cTnI degradationpattern.
Estimation of Stature from head length in medical students. Chandrakant M Kokatanur1 , Ajay V Patil2 , Vinay Bannur3 , Karan Deep Mishra4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11451

Abstract

Background: Identification of an individual, living or dead is of paramount importance in forensic practice,especially when dismembered body parts or skeletal remains are received for examination. Estimation ofstature is one of the important criteria in terms to determine the identity of individual. Many studies haverevealed the relationship between stature and some parts of the skeleton and the body parts in consideration.This study will helpful when only skull is available for medico-legal examination. Aim: To estimate statureof person from head length. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in KrishnaInstitute of Medical Sciences for a period of 2 months from April to May 2018. Data was collected bymeasuring stature using stadiometer and head length using spreading calliper in 200 medical undergraduatestudents (100 males and 100 females). Results: There is low statistically significant correlation betweenhead length and stature (r=0.25 for males and r=0.22 for females). Conclusion: Accurate stature estimationis not possible from percutaneous head length
Comparative Evaluation of Stress Distribution Around Mandibular Overdentures Surrounded by Three and Four Implants: A Three?Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Ashrath Azwin1 , Mayur Hegde2 , Vidya K Shenoy3 , Sathish Shenoy4 , Bharath Prabhu5 , Mithun Upadhya
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11453

Abstract

Background and objectives: Placement of more than two implants in the interforaminal area may createa greater implant-to-bone contact area that allows for better stress distribution and minimizes crestal boneloss. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the stress distribution around implants of thethree or four implant?retained mandibular overdenture.Methodology: Two finite element models comprising an edentulous mandible with three and four implantsupported mandibular overdenture with bar and clip attachment was used. A vertical load of 30 pounds wasapplied bilaterally to the first molar. Maximum and minimum von Mises stress values in the bone aroundthe implants were evaluated.Results: The highest stress value was observed in the bone around the distal implants and lowest stressvalue was concentrated in the middle implant in the molar region in three implant supported overdenture.The highest stress value was concentrated in the bone around the distal implants and lowest stress value wasconcentrated in the anterior implants in four implant supported overdenture. Stress values were more on fourimplant supported overdenture than three implant supported overdenture.Conclusion: Within the limitation of the study, three implant supported overdentures demonstrated lesserstress in comparison to the four implant supported overdentures. The stresses generated were higher in thebone around the distal implants and lowest in the middle and anterior implants.
A Study on Oxygen Consumption in Freshwater Fish Labeo Rohita Exposed to Lethal and Sub Lethal Concentrations of Ethion 50%Ec Ch.Prasanna1 , Ch.Anithasmruthi2 , V.Venkatarathnamma3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11454

Abstract

The pesticide pollution different classes like organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and other newgeneration ones affect the fish oxygen consumption in sublethal concentrations. Respiratory responses tolethal concentrations increase the ventilation volume and symptoms of pesticide intoxication suggestingthat the effect on respiratory surface were high in fish. Hence, in the present study an attempt has beenmade to study the effect of lethal(1.2µg/l) and sub-lethal 1/10(0.12µg/l) LC50 and 96hrs of 50% mortalityconcentrations of Ethion 50% EC an Organophosphate effect on oxygen consumption for 24 h at each 2hours interval to the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Oxygen consumption of aquatic animals isa very sensitive physiological process and therefore, alteration in the respiratory activity is considered as anindicator of stress of animals exposed to pesticides. The significant drop in the rate of oxygen consumptionwas observed in the present study in lethal and sub-lethal concentrations.
Effectiveness of Faradism Under Pressure Versus Complex Decongestive Therapy in Subjects with Peripheral Oedema Chelcy S Jaju1 , Mandar Malawade2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11456

Abstract

Background: Oedema is defined as excessive accumulation of free fluid in interstitial tissue spaces andserous cavities. The oedema may be of 2 main types: Localized when a particular organ or limb is involvede.g. lymphatic oedema, inflammatory oedema, allergic oedema and generalized when it is systemic indistribution, particularly seen in the subcutaneous tissues. The gold standard therapy for lymphedema iscomplex decongestive therapy (CDT). The first stage of CDT includes manual lymphatic drainage (MLD),compression therapy, exercise, and good skin care. The second phase, consisting of self-managing lymphaticmassage, daily use of compression garments, and self-directed continuation of the exercises, should beimplemented only after the completion of the first phase. Also, Faradism under pressure (FUP) is beneficialin oedematous conditions. In FUP, the pumping action of the alternate muscle contraction and relaxation,brings about increased venous and lymphatic return. The fluid is propelled towards the heart by an inwardpressure on the tissue spaces and veins caused by the contraction of the muscle.Objectives: The objectives of the study were as follows: To determine effect of faradism under pressure inperipheral oedema. To determine effect of complex decongestive therapy. To compare the effect of faradismunder pressure and complex decongestive therapy in peripheral oedematous conditions.Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethical committee. A total of 20 subjectswere assessed and all were included in the study based on inclusion criteria. Oedema was diagnosed usingvolumetric and girth assessment. Results: Intra-group statistical analysis of intervention group, pre-postvolumetric measurement score was 33.6 ±9.192 and was found to be extremely significant and pre-post girthassessment score was 2.540 ± 0.9513 which was extremely significant. Conclusion: We found that both FUPand CDT were significantly effective in reducing peripheral oedema but CDT was more effective comparedto FUP. This treatment was effective by reducing the volumetric and girth measurements which improvedquality of life of patients.

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