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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Different Histological Stains Used for Assessing the Morphology of Cementum - A Review Shruthi Devi1 , K. R. Don2 , Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12369

Abstract

Cementum is a unique least mineralised tissue with only little information known on cementogenesis. Hencevarious stains have been identified to view the morphology of cementum. Cementum is critical for attachmentof the tooth to the surrounding periodontal ligament (PDL). This study aims to review various stains usedfor assessing the cementum morphology.The study setting is a review where the information about the topicis obtained from various search engines like pubmed and google scholar by searching the keywords and thestudy was made. The cementum is a distinct and unique mineralized hard tissue which shares many similarproperties with the dentin and bone. There are various methods of histotechniques for studying morphologyand development of cementum. Upon overview of various histological approaches for studying and stainingof cementum through light microscopy are H&E, Toluidine Blue, Alcian blue, Picrosirius red, etc. Bonesialoprotein, osteopontin, DMP1, etc., are the staining methods using immunohistochemistry. Cementumannulations are used in forensic analysis to determine the age of the body. Hence, studying about these stainsmight help to understand the morphology of cementum deeply and thus give accurate details.
Rejuvenation of Old People with Stem Technology Akash1 , Geetha R V2 , Jayalakshmi Somasundaram3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12370

Abstract

Rejuvenation is a process of reverse practice of the process of aging. This can be done by stem cellsstimulated by the induced growth factors in an active cell division. Senescent cells can be removed by theimmune system, this is destroyed by gene therapy. There are some preformulated drugs available whichare the precursor thought of this article.In the last few decades, there has been a substantial increase in thepopulation of people over 60 years of age. Most of them maintain a good general health and physical activityand fitness. For these individuals there is a good number of dermatologic procedures, medications, andcosmetics that can be prescribed to improve the aspect of skin aging, providing an improvement in their selfesteem and quality of life as a result of their better look. The aim of the research is to study the rejuvenationof old people with stem cell technology
Recent Advances in HIV Diagnosis (Orasure and Oraquick) B. Amrithaa1 , R.V. Geetha2 , Lakshmi.T3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12371

Abstract

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) is an infection caused by the Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus(HIV). The infection straight forwardly influences the cells of the insusceptible framework, especiallythe T lymphocytes, bringing about various sharp contaminations prompting the terminal condition AIDS.Since no antibodies are accessible for this shocking illness, HIV disease is a danger and can without muchof a stretch be named as a revile upon mankind. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)and numerous general wellbeing boards of trustees advocate for the fast HIV test that is accessible. Teststhat can distinguish HIV contamination biomarkers inside 30days of disease, when beginning safe reactionsare mounted. The OraQuick ADVANCE Rapid HIV - 1/2 Antibody test is sensitive– utilizing subjectiveimmunoassay to distinguish the antibodies of HIV-1 and HIV-2 out of an oral liquid. Orasure Technologiesis enabling the worldwide network to improve wellbeing and health by giving access to precise fundamentaldata. OraQuick and Orasure determination are rapid, flexible, accurate, simple and patient preferred toperceive antibodies to all HIV-1 subtypes, especially in making nations.
Identification of Latent Lip Prints in Forensics - Review K. Helen Reshma1 , K. R. Don2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12372

Abstract

Identification plays a major role in crime investigation. One of the most effective methods of identificationare fingerprints. Like fingerprints, lip prints are also unique for individuals and remain the same throughoutlife. They are not influenced by environmental changes, trauma and diseases. The uniqueness of lip has beenproven by researchers by using shape analysis and colour information. Lip prints can also provide someimportant information in crime investigations and have the ability to distinguish individuals and are usedin human identification purposes. Human lips recognition is one of the most emerging methods of humanidentification that originates from forensic and criminal practice. Lip prints are captured by police techniciansand further analysis provides valuable evidence. The use of lip prints first started in 1950 and researcheswere carried out in 1970. The wrinkles pattern on the lips has individual characteristics like fingerprints.Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation method that deals with the study of elevations and depressions whichform a characteristic pattern on the external surface of the lips. This is unique for individuals. Lip printrecording is used in forensic investigation that deals with identification of humans, based on lip traces.Lip prints can be a basis for conclusion such as sexes, habits and character of that event. At a crime sitelip prints can either be visible or latent. Print produced by a traditional lipstick is easily identifiable. Latentprint investigation is important in resolving any criminal act. Latent lip prints are invisible prints and canbe identified by using fingerprint powder. Long lasting lipsticks produce prints that are invisible and requirereagents to develop the prints. The porous and multicoloured surfaces are the surfaces in which a print isdifficult to identify and cannot be easily seen. Cups, glasses, tissue papers and napkins may have imprintsof the suspect’s lips.
Bio Terrorism and Future - A Review S.Barani Shankar1 , R.V.Geetha2 , Jayalakshmi Somasundaram3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12373

Abstract

Biological warfare or biowarfare is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria,viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans as an act of war. It is a criminal act againstunsuspecting civilians using pathogenic biological agents. Bioterror and Biological Warfare agents are mostoften colorless, by-and-large odorless microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) or toxins (usually proteintoxins) derived from microorganisms that can be spread in air as aerosols or in food or drink to infect asmany people as possible. They are easily concealed, and thus difficult to detect before an attack. Their mainadvantages to terrorists are allowing easy escape and causing panic and chaos within a civilian population.Their aim is to overwhelm emergency medical departments at local hospitals and clinics. However, there areways to help protect yourself against bioterror agents and by extrapolating biological warfare agents and tohelp identify an attack when it occurs.
Colour Stability of Composite Resins - A Review Hariprasath T.K¹, Balaji Ganesh S², R.Gayatri Devi³
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12374

Abstract

Composite resins are the most preferred dental materials for anterior and posterior teeth. They have animportant role in aesthetic and restorative dentistry. Paramount importance of composite resins are theyhave an Optical appearance, glossy surface and colour stability. There are three types of composite resinsConventional(Packable), Flowable(Bulkfill),Microfill. Hybrid,Fluoride releasing composites. Color changeof composite restoration in different color media during the time is a common problem in esthetic dentistry,causing the need to replace restoration and spending a great deal of cost and time to patients. The aim ofthis study is to present a short review of recent literature available on the association of colour stability ofcomposite resins. The article was done after reviewing several articles on the colour stability of compositeresins. The effect on colour stability of composite resins depends on type of solution exposure time andcomposition of material. In clinical practice, patients should be aware of the staining effects, as staining inanterior teeth may lead to unaesthetic appearance.
Prevalence of Nance Space Maintainer as a Treatment Modality among Children between the Age Group of 6-10 Years Keerthiga Nagarajan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12375

Abstract

The early loss of deciduous teeth may lead to a decrease in arch length and result in crowding, rotation,and impaction of the succedaneous teeth. Space management plays a pivotal role in preventing thesemalocclusions. This study aims to assess the prevalence of Nance space maintainers among childrenbetween the age group of 6-10 years in Chennai. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted usingthe patient records from June 2019 to April 2020, and children who underwent space maintainer therapywere selected by non-probability sampling. Data was collected and then subjected to statistical analysisusing Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows (version 20.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago Ill., USA). Theprevalence of nance space maintainer among 6-10 year old children was found to be 76.5%, with most ofthem being delivered to 8 year olds. More males than females underwent nance space maintainer therapy.53.85% of the 6-10 year olds receiving nance space maintenance therapy were found to be treated by thepost graduate students (p>0.05, statistically not significant). The prevalence of nance space maintainer as atreatment option among the mixed dentition phase in this study seems to be high when compared to otherstudies. Considering the limitations of the nance appliance, extensive research needs to be done to findalternatives to nance space maintainer therapy and to spread awareness among dentists on the necessity ofsuch further advancements.
Factors That Determine Areas Into Containment Zones of A Disease- A Review Saishree Anchana Rajeswaran1 , Jayalakshmi Somasundaram2 , Smiline Girija AS3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12376

Abstract

Containment zones, or areas with strictly enforced restrictions regarding social interactions and selfprotective behaviour, are basically demarcated to ensure that in the early stages or at the least, as soon aspossible, a disease is confined to particular areas and not allowed to spread to unaffected areas. Influencedby ecological, environmental, pathogenic and demographic factors, which still are just a few of the manyformative factors, implementing such demarcations have helped prevent worsening situations in manycases. Building containment zones require analysing experiences from previous attacks of a disease,mathematical modelling and social spread pattern identification, as well as understanding the progressionof the disease from rural areas to urban metro cities. Moreover, on account of the diverse characterisationof a geographical area and its population, all the parts of the area will not be uniformly affected. Thus,developing containment zones and implementing them require strategic planning. Further, if effectivelydealt with and reviewed, containment zones even transform back into safe zones. This review will assessthe necessity of a containment zone, its emergence and factors influencing it, its relation with hotspots andfinally, how it could be transformed into safe zones, free of disease constraints.
Occlusal Adjustments in Complete Denture- A Review Keerthana B1 , Keerthi Sasanka2 , R Gayathri3 , Visalakshi Ramanathan4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12377

Abstract

A complete denture is a removable appliance used when all the teeth have been lost. It needs to be prostheticallyreplaced. Occlusal adjustment procedure or bite adjustment is performed to remove tiny interferences thatkeep teeth from coming together properly. The maxilla and mandible relationships must be establishedduring the fabrication of complete dentures. Adjustment of occlusion is necessary to account for inherenterrors. This research is seen as scoping literature review. In seeking to identify the relevant literature fromthe past twenty years, we used common databases such as the Pubmed and Google scholar online websites.37 articles are found relevant to the topic. 18 articles are reviewed for this study. The obtained articles werelater read thoroughly and understood. From this study, it is clear that when placing complete dentures, theocclusion should be corrected, as it is important for speaking, mastication. This occlusal adjustment isnecessary to eliminate errors apparent at the try- in stage, correction of occlusal disharmony. This providesa balanced contact between the teeth in the jaw. By comparing with other research and reviews, this reviewgives a detailed explanation about occlusal adjustments. Further studies have to be done on malocclusions.
Discovery of Life in Solid Rocks, on Seabed Inspires New Search for Martian Life - A Review Ritya Mary Jibu1 , R. V. Geetha2 , Lakshmi.T3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12378

Abstract

Life on Mars has been considered a possibility only in the wildest of wild dreams and that too only amongscientists. It was considered a far from happening possibility as it wasn’t based on the environment ofEarth but of a different planet as a whole. Newly found microorganisms could help in finding the proof oflife on the planet Mars. If successful, it could help in various ways for our planet, Earth. Researchers havefound billions of bacteria live in tiny cracks in volcanic rocks below the ocean floor, more than nine milesbelow the ocean surface and a further 300 feet below the ocean floor. And they think similar tiny, clay-filledcracks in rocks on or below Mars’ surface could be a life containing hub. To find a correlation betweenthe environment on the surface of Mars and that of which is beneath the seabed. A thorough literaturesearch was performed using the database like PubMed, Google scholar, BioRxiv, MESH, Google Cochranedatabase using the keywords ‘Martian surface’ and ’rocks beneath seabed’ with no date and year restrictions.The language is restricted to English. 16 articles with similar data have been found which were analyzedand have been included in this study. The recent articles discussed in this study help us in gaining furtherknowledge about the ‘relation between Mars and Earth’ and how it affects life on earth. We could come to aresult that there are slight correlations between the environments of both the planets. This review would alsohelp us be enlightened about how far we humans have come to realize the correlation between life on earthand that of the possibility of Mars.

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