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<![CDATA[Nano Glass Ionomers - A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[S.Padmaja1 , Jayalakshmi Somasundaram2 , Vinay Sivaswamy3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12359
<![CDATA[Restorative dentistry deals with materials that are used to fill cavities and prevent the infection of caries fromrecurrence. We have many restorative materials like amalgam, zinc phosphate, zinc oxide eugenol, GIC.Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) has been a part of therapeutic dentistry for over three decades. It is one of thedental restorative materials used in dentistry for filling cavities and used as luting cement for the attachmentof orthodontic brackets. It is a solid material with satisfactory appearance. It discharges fluoride which hasa remineralising effect. It also additionally empowers high quality and rebuilding tendency in restorativedentistry. It is more susceptible to fracture and is more susceptible to fracture as it cannot bear heavymasticatory load. GIC generally lasts for five years and is quite affordable(price) also. Nanotechnology indentistry has various implications and it tends to improve the existing properties of the materials in numerousways. When nanoparticles are introduced into GIC, they can help in better adhesive mechanism to teeth sothat they can reduce the fracture occurrence as well as the leakages. It also improves the longevity of therestoration, improves the aesthetic appearance and overcomes the surface roughness seen in conventionalGIC. Nano particles are small and occupy the space in the matrix which can improve the strength of thematerial. Nanoparticles improve sustained fluoride release, increase the strength, improve the antibacterialactivity, and can be used clinically as an efficient material. The drawbacks of the conventional materials areovercome by the nanotechnology.They play a very important role in dentistry to improve the efficiency ofmany materials involved in dentistry.This investigation is mainly focussing on the use of nanotechnology inglass ionomer cements dealing with its properties, points of interest and hindrances.]]>
<![CDATA[Shade Matching in Fixed Partial Denture Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[P. Chithambara Shathviha1 , Dhanraj Ganapathy2 , Mebin Mathew3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12360
<![CDATA[Shade matching is a significant process in fixed dental prosthesis where the selection needs special attentionand systemic approach in covering all aspects. It is a fact that this approach is mainly used for achievingthe goals related to the morphological and optical acceptance within the community settings. A total of 960patients were taken and analysed for shade matching in fixed partial denture. The data collection is donefrom the dental archives of the patient management software system. The study is done under universitysetting. The results were analysed using SPSS software version 20 by IBM.T he result observed is that thereis a highly achieved shade match with positive correlation and significant values (p<0.05) in the fixed partialdenture patients. From the overall study it was found that quality of shade match in fixed partial denturesis clinically good. Special attention and effort to be performed during shade selection to get accurate shadematch in fixed dental prosthesis.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence of Fluorosis among Patients Visiting a Private College and Hospital in Chennai, India ]]>
<![CDATA[Neha Sharma M1 , Pratibha Ramani2 , L. Leelavathi3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12361
<![CDATA[Dental fluorosis is a tooth malformation caused by the intake of excess fluoride from various sources, suchas water, food, and air, during tooth development and mineralization. The regional concentration of fluorideand extensive application of fluoride to prevent dental caries have resulted in the high incidence of thismalformation. Though many institutional studies on fluoride concentration and its adverse effects have beenconducted , the result is highly scattered and needs to be systematically summarized for better utilization.Hence the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of fluorosis and its severity among the patientsvisiting a private teaching hospital in a non fluorosis endemic area in Chennai. It is a retrospective crosssectional study was carried out and the case records of patients having fluorosis was collected by reviewingpatient records and analyzing the data of 86000 patients from June 2019- April 2020. Patients screenedfor Dean’s Fluorosis index were selected. The data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis andcorrelation using the SPSS software. The results showed that fluorosis was found to be more prevalent inmales (71.5%) than females (28.5%) , it was also found that 37.5 % of the patients had mild fluorosis. It wasobserved that patients presented with mild fluorosis especially in the upper arch in our hospital.]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation of Clinically Desquamative Gingivitis and Histopathology at a Private College Hospital in Chennai, India - A Retrospective Study ]]>
<![CDATA[Shivani. N1 , Pratibha Ramani2 , Leelavathi.L3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12362
<![CDATA[Desquamative gingivitis is an elucidating term used to demonstrate epithelial desquamation erythema,erosions and vesiculobullous lesions. It is a clinical manifestation that can be caused by several systemicdisorders. Detection and differentiation between conditions that manifest desquamative gingivitis hasbeen a continuing problem. Accurate clinical, histologic and serologic investigations are often required todifferentiate among desquamative gingivitis disorder. This study focuses on understanding the correlationbetween clinically desquamative gingivitis and the histopathological reports. A retrospective cross-sectionalstudy was conducted using the patient records from the department of periodontics and oral pathology,Saveetha Dental College from June 2019- April 2020 and patients who underwent treatment for desquamativegingivitis were selected by nonprobability sampling Microsoft Excel® 2016 (Microsoft office 10) dataspreadsheet was used to collect data and later exported to SPSS® statistical package for social sciencesfor Windows ( version 20.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago IU, USA). From the data analyzed it is observed that theoverall incidence of desquamative gingivitis was higher in females (60%) predominantly in the age group of(51-60) years (50%). The most predominant histopathology report diagnosed Oral lichen Planus (70%). Thecorrelation between clinical diagnosis and histopathology reports was statistically significant with p<0.05.Within the limits of the study, a significant number of patients with desquamative gingivitis had a femalepredilection predominantly in the age group of 50-60 years. The most common histopathology report ofclinically desquamative gingivitis was Oral Lichen Planus. As clinically suggestive desquamative gingivitismay be an initial symptom of a systemic disease, the need for biopsy as a diagnostic tool should be mademandatory]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence of Odontogenic Tumours in a Dental Hospital in Southern India ]]>
<![CDATA[Sathvika K1 , Gifrina Jayaraj2 , Leelavathi L3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12363
<![CDATA[Odontogenic Tumours (OTs) pose as a heterogenous group of lesions exhibiting diverse clinical behaviourand histopathological types which can range from hamartomatous lesions to malignancies. Although a largenumber of studies have been done to record the epidemiology of odontogenic tumours, there is a paucityof information where its prevalence is concerned in South Indian cities. Thus, the aim of our study is tohighlight the prevalence of various types of odontogenic tumours in a predominantly South Indian hospitalset up so as to improve clinical understanding and handling of patients with said tumours. A retrospectivecross-sectional study was conducted after reviewing and analysing the data from patient records over the lastfive years. Patients with histopathologically established odontogenic tumours were selected without any agerestriction. The data was collected and descriptive statistics were performed. The findings of our study hintedat a benign odontogenic prevalence with a male predilection (68.6%). The posterior region of the mandiblewas the most commonly involved site (60%) and ameloblastomas followed by odontomas and adenomatoidodontogenic tumours were the most prevalent odontogenic tumours in our hospital set up. An asymptomatictrend with multilocular radiolucencies was evidently observed. Through the results of our study, we hopeto elucidate the prevalence of odontogenic tumours in the South Indian population. In essence our findingssuggest a male predilection in the posterior region of the mandible and that Ameloblastomas and Odontomasare the most common odontogenic tumours. Due to the large number of asymptomatic presentations, properdiagnosis and management is key. Thus, further studies need to be done to overcome the limitations of ourstudy and to confirm our findings.]]>
<![CDATA[Determination of Sex Using Mastoid Process among South Indian Population - A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[A. Aksha Sharen, Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12364
<![CDATA[Identification of an individual is of utmost importance in conditions of natural calamities or in case of manmade disaster. Determination of sex becomes the primary priority in the process of identification of a personby a forensic investigator during the time of crime investigations, natural disasters and the ethnic studies.Determination of sex is one of the vital for the identification of an individual. Often the fragmentary remainsare available for forensic identification of an individual making sex determination difficult. When the pelvicbone is unavailable, the skull is also widely considered the best indicator of sex. Skull is important in thisregard as it resists adverse environmental conditions over time. The first indicator for the sex determinationis the pelvic bones and pelvis which is more accurate than the skull bones. The skull is the most dimorphicand easily sexed portion of the skeleton after pelvis, providing up to 92% reliability. The mastoid processcan thus be used as a best indicator of sex as well as ancestry of populations and individuals. Mastoidprocess is a dimorphic bone situated at the basolateral region of the skull. This mastoid process is placed inthe posterior aspect of the temporal bone. Mastoid process is one of the two projections situated behind theear. The mastoid process provides an attachment for certain muscles of the neck. This mastoid process is afragmentary piece of skull, is ideal for sexual dimorphism as it is resistant to damage due to its anatomicalposition at the base of the skull. The mastoid process of the skull plays a vital role in determination of thesex as it is the most di-morphic bone present at the baso-lateral region of the skull. Detailed morphometricanalysis of mastoid process, mastoid triangle will help in the planning of surgical intervention involving theskull base. This review will be useful for the anatomist, neurosurgeon, radiologist and morphologists clinicalanatomists to carry out further research work. The aim of the present review is the determination of sex usingmastoid process and mastoid triangle among south Indian population]]>
<![CDATA[DNA Profiling in Forensic Dentistry ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Laksita1 , K. R. Don2 , Jothi Priya A3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12365
<![CDATA[The recent advances in molecular biology have revolutionized all aspects of dentistry. Deoxyribose NucleicAcid (DNA), the language of life yields information beyond our imagination with respect to our bodyhealth conditions. DNA is present in chromosomes and is responsible for storing all the genetic materialand they are not the same for all individuals. Forensic dental comparison has been used for identification ofhumans in cases where body tissues are damaged or prolonged exposure to the environment has made theidentification impractical. The use of DNA profile tests in forensic dentistry provides a new perspective inhuman identification. This article summarizes the recent literature on use of this technique in identificationof unidentified human remains, highlighting the importance of DNA in the cases of forensic investigation.]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Dental Restoration - A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Sasipriya G1 , Balaji Ganesh S2 , A .Jothi Priya3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12366
<![CDATA[The aim of the review was to determine the effect of temperature on mechanical properties of dentalrestoration in the oral environment . Dental restorative materials are exposed to temperature ranging fromten degree to five degree celsius, since the properties of dental material are sensitive to temperature ofthis magnitude it is important to define the effect of services temperature on the mechanical properties ofdental composites. Increase in the mechanical properties of compressive strength, diametral tensile strength,compressive elastic modulus and hardness for all investigated composites with increase of temperature.The mechanical properties of nanohybrid composites were less sensitive to temperature change. Ultimatestrength decreases linearly increasing temperature strength is higher for the lower volume fraction materialand is decreased by the presence of a small percentage of very large particles. Elastic modulus and yieldstrength decrease sigmoidally with increasing temperature and depends only on particle volume fraction.In the clinically significant temperature range ultimately decreases to 14%,the decrease in elastic modulusis either 6 or 11% and yield strength decreases to 45%. Dental restoration like gold, silver amalgam areoften unaffected even after prolonged exposure to fire. Dental tissues and restoration can undergo a series ofchanges which correlate with temperature to which they are exposed. The temperature condition of the oralenvironment can significantly affect the mechanical properties of dental restorative materials.]]>
<![CDATA[Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth(Shed)- A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Obuli Ganesh Kishore.S1 , K. R. Don2 , Jothi Priya.A3 ,]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12367
<![CDATA[Stem cells are groups of undifferentiated cells that have the ability to become any cell. Recent studieshave shown that the stem cells present in the pulp of human teeth can also be used for the same purpose.Stem cell therapy is a safe procedure. The physician must follow proper cell administration techniques.Patients must also be screened for treatment candidacy as all people may not be a candidate for stem cells.Dental pulp stem cells are stem cells present in the dental pulp, which is the soft living tissue within teeth.They are pluripotent, as they can form embryoid body-like structures in vitro and teratoma-like structuresthat contained tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers when injected in nude mice. Recentadvancements prove that stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth prove more effective than the permanentones. In a clinical trial stem cells extracted from children’s baby teeth were used to regrow the living tissuein teeth damaged by injury. In the future they may be used to replace cells and tissues that have beendamaged or lost due to disease. The review has covered various aspects to find if SHED is a potent product.Its viability and sustention as discussed by various authors has been discussed. Role of SHED in pulp tissueengineering, neural tissue engineering, their differentiation towards hormone secreting cells etc has beendiscussed. Hence the stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth also present another opportunity todentistry to contribute to the development of tissue engineering.]]>
<![CDATA[Curcumin A Better Medicine to Treat Coronavirus- A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Taanya Imtiaz1 , Dinesh Premavathy, Kavitha.S2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12368
<![CDATA[Curcumin, a yellow pigment, which is a bioactive compound in Turmeric, is a polyphenol derivative used asan herbal medicine to treat remedies. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused due to coronaviruswhich is an infectious and dangerous virus. Coronavirus causes severe infections in humans and also indifferent species of animals. Curcumin has multi properties in which one of them is anti-viral, which mayhelp in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Curcumin can be taken by the means of food andstudies show that there are no side effects, caused due to its consumption. Turmeric is the main source ofCurcumin; RDA of Curcumin is 3mg/kg/day. Some of its properties include: anti-viral, anti-inflammatory,anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-tumor, anti-microbial activities. It also has the ability to gene transcriptionthe viral strains like coronavirus, and maybe a possible treatment in treating COVID-19. Curcumin asexhibits anti-viral properties and acts on viral strains for gene transcription, can be a possible treatment inprevention and treating COVID-19.]]>
